文献翻译——电子遥控防盗锁的开发与设计

第1页外文文献资料Developmentanddesignofelectronicremotecontrolanti-theftlockAlthoughthepeopleslivingstandardsimproveandenhancesafetyawareness,widevarietyofpasswordlockingintopeopleslivesandwork.Electroniccombinationlocklargestmarketshare,becauseitsrelativelylowcost,safe,simpleoperation,butitssafetyisnothigh.Inordertosolvemuchcurrentelectroniclockinsecurity,weintroducetheremotecontroltechnology;infraredremotecontroltechnologyappearedearlier,lowcost,fastresponse,thepriceadvantage.Becauseinfraredcannotpassthroughthewallbrickmasonrycement,whichoftenuseindailyinconvenience.Thispaperpresentsthedesignlivinginremotecontrollocksystem.AT89S52micro-controllerasthecoresystem,usingwirelessremotecontroltechnologyandcombinedwithelectroniclocks,electroniclockstofurtherenhancethesafety,reliabilityandavailability,lowerhardwarecosts.1.Introduction1.1ThedevelopmentathomeandabroadLockonthemarkettodayisthefollowingcategories:(1)Mechanicallock.Ithasalowcost,theadvantagesofanti-interferenceability,butalsohasapasswordless,operatingfrequency,enterthepasswordisnoteasy,poorsecurity,thekeydisadvantageofeasilycopiedandthereisnoautomaticalarmfunction,cannotrefuseillegalusertriesthepassword.(2)Afixedelectronickeyboardpasswordlock.Usingafixedkeyboardlockpassword.Userscansetthenumberofpasswords,ithasalowercost,passwordslargeanddifficulttodeciphertheprosandautomaticalarm,self-lockingfunctionofthewrongcode,buttheseelectroniclocksystemsuseafixedkeyboard,thatis,willbefixedinthesafeoperationofthekeyboard第2页orthedoorpanel,whichmakestheuserinoperationwithoutahiddenandcaneasilybeseenandphotographedandmakesthepasswordsecure,sosafeoperationisnothigh.(3)Infraredremotecontrolelectroniclocks.Havetheinfraredremotecontroltechnologyhasbeenusedinourdailylife,theemergenceofaninfraredremotecontroltechnologyandencryptiontechnologycombineselectroniclocks.Infraredandlaserdonothavethediffractioncapability,userscannotoperateinhiddenplaces,soalsomaketheuserfeelinconvenienttouse.(4)Otherlocks.Alsoonthemarketlikeacellphoneremotecontrollock,magneticcard-safe,smartcardICcardofsafelock,fingerprintsafelocks.Safelockandsmartcard-typeICcardinthesafelock,althoughallhaveeasytoreplace,theadvantagesofeasyoperation,butbecauseofitssimplestructure,magneticcard,magneticstripe(magnetic)exposed,andstoragecapacityissmall,nointernalsecuritymeasures,easytodecipher,poorsecurity.AtthesametimeasmagneticcardsandICcarditselfontheuseoftheenvironmentwithhighrequirements,itsstabilityandreliabilitywascorrespondinglyreduced.Althoughfingerprintsafelockstyleissimple,password,unique,safe,easytodecipher,theadvantagesofeasytocarry,butitshighcost,andifthefingerprintpopulationarescratched,cannoteffectivelyidentifylegitimateusers,willbringgreatinconveniencetouse,itcannotbewidelyaccepted.Afterinvestigation,thehigherthesecurityrequirementsoftheoccasion,electroniclocksbettermarketprospects.Itsrelativelylowcost,agreatamountofpasswords,safe,simpleoperation,andtheneedsofmostusers.However,therearemanycurrentelectroniclockinsecurity,whichistheelectroniccodelockhasnotbeenwidelyusedasareasonfor.1.2DesignBackgroundAssocietyandpeoplesgrowingmaterialwealthincreasingsecurityawareness,peopledemandmoreandmoreofthelock,itisnecessarytosafeandreliable,butalsoeasytouse.Traditionalmechanicallockforthelackoffixedelectroniccodelockkeyboardandinfraredremotecontrolisnothiddenelectroniccodelockrestrictivedirection,inordertosolvethe第3页locksofmanysecurityproblemsthere,tofurtherenhancethesecurityofelectroniclocksofthesystem,reliabilityandpracticality,soIlocktheremotecontrolanti-theftdesignissuesforthedesign,coding,andwirelessremotecontroltechnology,designofwirelessremotecontrolanti-theftlocksystem.Completelysolvethemechanicallockandthefixedkeyboardlockdeficiencies,allowinguserstoacertainlocationcanbewithinthesafeoperationofanyelectroniccodelock.Thiswirelessremotecontrolanti-theftlockcanfillgapsinthecurrentmarkethasgoodprospects.1.3DesignofthemaincontentThisdesignintroducesawirelessremotecontrolanti-theftlock;thedesignconsistsofsystemhardwaredesignandsystemsoftwaredesignintotwoblocks.Inthedesignofthefirstpartofthedevelopmentstatusofthelockwasunderstoodthattheneedsanddesignasystematicanalysis,comparisonofthenumberofprogramstodeterminetheoverallprogramdesign,andmodularprogram,detailsof.Finally,tosumuptheadvantagesanddisadvantagestothisdesign,andtheprospectoftheprospect.2.RequirementAnalysisandDesignoftheoverallprogram2.1SystemRequirementsAnalysis(1)Systemperformancemustbesafe,stable,economicalandpractical.(2)Theusercansetalockpasswordlengthis6.(3)Mustbeopentomodifyingthesystemafterthelockpassword.(4)Incaseofpowerfailure,theoriginalsetofallpasswordsandrelatedinformationisnotlost.(5)Canremotecontrol(orfixedkeyboard)inputunlockcode,locktolockthedoorusingthemotordrag.(6)Shouldbeproperlyequippeddisplaydevices,withvoicepromptsandalarmfunction.2.2OverallDesign2.2.1TheoverallsystemblockdiagramRemotelocksystemconsistsoffourcomponents:remotecontroltransmitter,keyboardanddisplay,remotecontrolreceivingandprocessingpartofthepassword.Rangeofusersin10metersfromtheremotecontrolpasswordkeyboardinputonthetransmitter,andthenshootoutfromthe第4页transmitter.Remotecontrolreceivingsystemreceivesuserinputfromthemicroprocessortodecodethepasswordandpasswordandcomparetheoriginal,ifmorethandrivesthroughthedriverdoorlocksolenoid,ifnotoffailurethananyoperation.Atthesametimelocksystemwithremotelocksystemgenerallycommonfeatures,thesystemcanbesetbytheusersownpassword,safe,andcanunlocktheoperationofanillegalattempttoself-locking,alsoissuedawarningbeep.Atthesametimeauniversalremotecontrol,easytoproduce,evenifstolenorlostremotecontrol,duetotheconfidentialityofthepassword,otherscannotopenthelock.2.2.2TherealizationofeachmoduleThecurrentwidespreaduseofelectroniclocksdedicatedchip,thefixed-functionASIC,expensive,anddonothavetoupgradecapacity.Inordertomakethesystemwithupgradecapability,thedesignusesmicro-controllerasthecentralprocessor.Configuretheappropriateexternalcircuit,systemcontrolfunctions.(1)CPUchoiceInthissystem,the8-bitCPUhasbeenabletomeetsystemdesignrequirements.SoselectthehostCPUATMELAT89S52micro-controllerCompany,whichisahigh-performancelow-power8-bitCMOSmicro-controller.HasawealthofI/Olines,8KBofinternalintegrationofFLASHROM,youcaneraseathousandtimesrepeated.Forprogramdebuggingandfuturesystemupgradeshasbroughtgreatconvenience,canmeetthedesignrequirements.(2)CodingschemePT2262encoderchipsystemusestheencodingtask.PT2262canhavemaximumof12addressbits,whichcanhaveamaximumdatabit6.Eachaddressbitcanbeground,thenthepower,suspendedthreestates.Eachdatabitcanbeground,thenhightwostates.PT2262istoaddressbitsanddatabitstoencodethestateoftheencodingandthenoutputtheappropriatesignal.PT2262tomeettwodistinctmodes:radiowork(RF)andinfraredwork(IR).Thesystemisremotelyontheselectedradiowork.EncodingchipsPT2262codedsignalsentby:addresscode,datacode,synchronizationcodetoformacompletecodeword.(3)Remotecontroltransmittercircuit第5页315MHZRFcircuitsusedfordatatransfermode.315MHZfrequencyisthestatelaunchanti-theftalarmandradiocontrolequipment,dedicatedfrequency,inlinewithnationalregulations.Thetransmittercircuittransmissionrangegreaterthan10meters.Fullyabletomeetthedesignrequirements.(4)ReceivecircuitSuper-regenerativereceivercircuitreceivingcircuit.Becauseofrelativelylowcostsuper-regenerativecircuit,easytoimplement.(5)DecodingschemePT2272systemusesthedecoderchipdecodetasktocomplete.PT2272PT2262isaremotecontroldecoderpairedwiththeASIC,usingCOMSprocess,itisthelargestofthethreestateswith12-bitaddresspins,cansupportupto531,441(ie312)addressestheencoding.Thereforegreatlyreducingthecodeonthecodingofconflictandillegalscantomakethematchpossibilities.WhenPT2272receivesacodedsignal,itchecksthesignalisvalid.Itmustbeacompletecode;codeaddressmustbetheaddressofcodeandreceivingcircuittosetthesameterminal.Whentheeffectiveafterreceivingtwoconsecutive,PT2272willreceivethedatainthecorrespondingdataoutputterminal,andVTissettohigh.(6)ExternalmemoryAstheuserpasswordandthesystemisrunningsomeoftheimportantdataneedstobesaved,andcannotbelostwhenpowerisrequired,thesystemrequiresanexternalEEPROMmemory.TheI2C-busstructurewithastandardEEPROMmemoryandtheconnectionbetweenthehostCPUatleast,theoperationisrelativelysimple,andthesystemisnottheamountofdataneedstobesaved,sousetheAT24C02tosavetheuserspasswordandthesystemoperationoftheimportantdata.Remotelocksystembasicallyconsistsof:(1)12-keyremotecontroltransmitterInclude:12keys,codechipPT2262,firingcircuit.Works:a12-voltpowersupply,whenthebuttonispressed,PT2262power,transmittercircuitpower,PT2262encodesthekeystateofthesquarewave,usingspecialhighfrequency315Malarmasthecarrier,after00Kmodulation第6页shootoutfromthefiringcircuit.Whenthereisnoanykeyispressed,thepowercutoff,remotecontroltransmitter,staticpowerfor0.(2)RemotecontrolreceivercircuitInclude:remotecontrolreceivermodule,decoderchipPT2272-M4,single-chipmicroprocessor(Atme189S52),fixedkeyboard,EEPROMAT24C02andLCD1602Adisplays.Fixedthekeyboardusedtosetthepassword,orusersdonothaveremotecontroltransmitterusedtoopenthelockwhen.Remotepartsoftheworksasfollows:BydefaultCPUispowereddownstate,theremotecontrolreceivermoduleandPT2272-M4hasbeeninworkingcondition,whenthedatabitsontheremotecontrolkeyispressed,theremotecontrolreceivermodulereceivesthemodulatedwavesignalAfterdemodulationrestoretheoriginalsquarewavesignal,thesquarewavesignalthroughthevoltagematchingprocessing,theinputtothedecoderchipPT2272-M4produceoutput,CPUreceivingdata,thenthereceiveddatainputCPUprocessingtoproducethecorrespondingoperationresults.Notinusewhentheremotecontroltransmitter,fixedanykeyonthekeyboardispressed,themicro-controllerkeys,completethepasswordofthecomparison,thedrivingoutput.Sincethesystemsoftwareistoachievesomecontroloperationsandprocesstips,therearenomajoroperationalfunctionsofdigitalcomputing,sothesystemusestheassemblylanguageprogramming,micro-controllerAT89S52has8Kofprogrammemoryrange,thesoftwarecanmeetthestorageneeds.3.AdetaileddescriptionofCPUTheAT89s52isalow-power,high-performanceCMOS8-bitmicrocomputerwith4KbytesofFlashprogrammableanderasablereadonlymemory(PEROM).ThedeviceismanufacturedusingAtmelshigh-densitynonvolatilememorytechnologyandiscompatiblewiththeindustry-standardMCS-52instructionsetandpinout.Theon-chipFlashallowstheprogrammemorytobereprogrammedin-systemorbyaconventionalnonvolatilememoryprogrammer.Bycombiningaversatile8-bitCPUwithFlashonamonolithicchip,theATMELCo.sAT89s52isapowerfulmicrocomputerwhichprovidesahighly-flexibleandcost-effectivesolutiontomanyembeddedcontrolapplications.第7页(1)Features:CompatiblewithinstructionsetofMCS-52products4Kbytesofin-systemreprogrammableFlashmemoryEndurance:1000write/erasecyclesDataretentiontime:10yearsFullystaticoperation:0Hzto24MHzThree-levelprogrammemorylock1288-bitinternalRAM32programmableI/OlinesTwo16-bitTimer/CountersSixinterruptsourceProgrammableserialchannelLow-poweridleandPower-downmodesOn-chiposcillatorandclockcircuitryFull-duplexUARTserialportinterruptlineDualDataPointerRegister(2)FunctionCharacteristicDescription:TheAT89s52providesthefollowingstandardfeatures:4KbytesofFlashmemory,128bytesofRAM,32I/Olines,two16-bittimer/counters,afivevectortwo-levelinterruptarchitecture,afullduplexserialport,on-chiposcillatorandclockcircuitry.Inaddition,theAT89s52isdesignedwithstaticlogicforoperationdowntozerofrequencyandsupportstwosoftwareselectablepowersavingmodes.TheIdleModestopstheCPUwhileallowingtheRAM,timer/counters,serialportandinterruptsystemtocontinuefunctioning.ThePower-downModesavestheRAMcontentsbutfreezestheoscillatordisablingallotherchipfunctionsuntilthenexthardwarereset.The8052micro-controllerisanindustrystandardarchitecturethathasbroadacceptance,wide-rangingapplicationsanddevelopmenttoolsavailable.Therearenumerouscommercialvendorsthatsupplythiscontrollerorhaveitintegratedintosometypeofsystem-on-a-chipstructure.BothMRCandIAEchosethisdevicetodemonstratetwodistinctlydifferenttechnologiesforhardening.TheMRCexampleofthisistousetemporallatchesthatrequirespecifictimingtoensurethatsingleeventeffectsareminimized.TheIAE第8页technologyusesultralowpower,andlayoutandarchitectureHBDdesignrulestoachievetheirresults.ThesearefundamentallydifferentthantheapproachbyAeroflex-UnitedTechnologiesMicroelectronicsCenter(UTMC),thecommercialvendorofaradiationhardened8052,thatbuilttheir8052micro-controllerusingradiationhardenedprocesses.Thisbroadrangeoftechnologywithinonedevicestructuremakesthe8052anidealvehicleforperformingthistechnologyevaluationPinDescription:VCC:SupplyvoltageGND:GroundPort0:Port0isan8-bitopen-drainbi-directionalI/Oport.Asanoutputport,eachpincansinkeightTTLinputs.When1sarewrittentoport0pins,thepinscanbeusedashighimpedanceinputs.Port0mayalsobeconfiguredtobethemultiplexedloworderaddress/busduringaccessestoexternalprogramanddatamemory.InthismodeP0hasinternalpullups.Port0alsoreceivesthecodebytesduringFlashprogramming,andoutputsthecodebytesduringprogramverification.Externalpullupsarerequiredduringprogramverification.Port1:Port1isan8-bitbidirectionalI/Oportwithinternalpullups.ThePort1outputbufferscansink/sourcefourTTLinputs.When1sarewrittentoPort1pinstheyarepulledhighbytheinternalpullupsandcanbeusedasinputs.Asinputs,Port1pinsthatareexternallybeingpulledlowwillsourcecurrent(IIL)becauseoftheinternalpullups.Port1alsoreceivesthelow-orderaddressbytesduringFlashprogrammingandverification.Port2:Port2isan8-bitbi-directionalI/Oportwithinternalpullups.ThePort2outputbufferscansink/sourcefourTTLinputs.When1sarewrittentoPort2pinstheyarepulledhighbytheinternalpullupsandcanbeusedasinputs.Asinputs,Port2pinsthatareexternallybeingpulledlowwillsourcecurrent(IIL)becauseoftheinternalpullups.Port2emitsthehigh-orderaddressbyteduringfetchesfromexternalprogrammemoryandduringaccessestoexternaldatamemorywhichuses16-bit第9页addresses(MOVXDPTR).Inthisapplication,itusesstronginternalpullupswhenemitting1s.Duringaccessestoexternaldatamemorywhichuses8-bitaddresses(MOVXRI).Port2emitsthecontentsoftheP2SpecialFunctionRegister.Port2alsoreceivesthehigh-orderaddressbitsandsomecontrolsignalsduringFlashprogrammingandverification.Port3:Port3isan8-bitbi-directionalI/Oportwithinternalpullups.ThePort3outputbufferscansink/sourcefourTTLinputs.WhentheP3Iwrite1after,theyareinternalpull-upishigh,andusedasinput.Asinput,duetotheexternalpull-downforthelow,P3portoutputcurrent(ILL)Thisisduetopull-upssake.Port3alsoservesthefunctionsofvariousspecialfeaturesoftheAT89s52aslistedbelow:Port3alsoreceivessomecontrolsignalsforFlashprogrammingandverification.RST:Resetinput.Ahighonthispinfortwomachinecycleswhiletheoscillatorisrunningresetsthedevice.ALE/:AddressLatchEnableoutputpulseforlatchingthelowbytePROGoftheaddressduringaccessestoexternalmemory.Thispinisalsotheprogrampulseinput()duringFlashprogramming.InnormaloperationALEisemittedataconstantrateof1/6theoscillatorfrequency,andmaybeusedforexternaltimingorclockingpurposes.Note,however,thatoneALEpulseisskippedduringeachaccesstoexternalDataMemory.Ifdesired,ALEoperationcanbedisabledbysettingbit0ofSFR第10页location8EH.Withthebitset,ALEisactiveonlyduringaMOVXorMOVCinstruction.Otherwise,thepinisweaklypulledhigh.SettingtheALE-disablebithasnoeffectifthemicro-controllerisinexternalexecutionmode.：ProgramStoreEnableisthereadstrobetoexternalprogramPSENmemory.WhentheAT89s52isexecutingcodefromexternalprogrammemory,isactivatedtwiceeachmachinecycle,exceptthattwoPSENactivationsareskippedduringeachaccesstoexternaldatamemory.EA/VPP：ExternalAccessEnable.EAmustbestrappedtoGNDinordertoenablethedevicetofetchcodefromexternalprogrammemorylocationsstartingat0000HuptoFFFFH.Note,however,thatiflockbit1isprogrammed,EAwillbeinternallylatchedonreset.EAshouldbestrappedtoVCCforinternalprogramexecutions.When/EAtomaintainlow,thenduringthisperiodtheexternalprogrammemory(0000H-FFFFH),regardlessofwhetheraninternalprogrammemory.Thispinalsoreceivesthe12-voltprogrammingenablevoltage(VPP)duringFlashprogramming,forpartsthatrequire12-voltVPP.XTAL1：Inputtotheinvertingoscillatoramplifierandinputtotheinternalclockoperatingcircuit.XTAL2：Outputfromtheinvertingoscillatoramplifier.Ready/:TheprogressofbyteprogrammingcanalsobemonitoredbyBUSYtheRDY/outputsignal.P3.4ispulledlowafterALEgoeshighduringprogrammingtoindicateBUSY.P3.4ispulledhighagainwhenprogrammingisdonetoindicateREADY.(3)OscillatorCharacteristics：XTAL1andXTAL2respectively,reverseamplifierinputandoutput.Thereverseamplifiercanbeconfiguredason-chiposcillator.ShiJingoscillationandceramicoscillationcanbeused.Ifusinganexternalclocksourcedrivethedevice,XTAL2shouldnottake.Morethaninputtotheinternalclocksignalthroughatwo-wayflip-flop,sotheexternalclocksignalpulsewidthwithoutanyrequest,butmustensurethatthehigh-lowpulsewidthrequirements.(4)ClockOscillator：第11页XTAL1andXTAL2aretheinputandoutput,respectively,ofaninvertingamplifierwhichcanbeconfiguredforuseasanon-chiposcillator.Eitheraquartzcrystalorceramicresonatormaybeused.Todrivethedevicefromanexternalclocksource,XTAL2shouldbeleftunconnectedwhileXTAL1isdriven.Therearenorequirementsonthedutycycleoftheexternalclocksignal,sincetheinputtotheinternalclockingcircuitryisthroughadividebytwofliptrigger,butminimumandmaximumvoltagehighandlowtimespecificationsmustbeobserved.(5)IdleMode：Inidlemode,theCPUputsitselftosleepwhilealltheon-chipperipheralsremainactive.Themodeisinvokedbysoftware.Thecontentoftheon-chipRAMandallthespecialfunctionsregistersremainunchangedduringthismode.Theidlemodecanbeterminatedbyanyenabledinterruptorbyahardwarereset.Itshouldbenotedthatwhenidleisterminatedbyahardwarereset,thedevicenormallyresumesprogramexecution,fromwhereitleftoff,uptotwomachinecyclesbeforetheinternalresetalgorithmtakescontrol.On-chiphardwareinhibitsaccesstointernalRAMinthisevent,butaccesstotheportpinsisnotinhibited.ToeliminatethepossibilityofanunexpectedwritetoaportpinwhenIdleisterminatedbyreset,theinstructionfollowingtheonethatinvokesIdleshouldnotbeonethatwritestoaportpinortoexternalmemory.(6)Power-downMode:Inthepower-downmode,theoscillatorisstopped,andtheinstructionthatinvokespower-downisthelastinstructionexecuted.Theon-chipRAMandspecialfunctionregistersretai