中英文文献翻译-直流开关稳压电源的保护技术

1DCSwitchingPowerSupplyProtectionTechnologyAbstract:TheDCswitchingpowersupplyprotectionsystem,protectionsystemdesignprinciplesandmachineprotectionmeasures,ananalysisofswitchingpowersupplyintherangeofprotectedcharacteristicsanditsdesignmethodology,introducedanumberofpracticalprotectioncircuit.Keywords:switchingpowersupplyprotectioncircuitsystemdesignA、IntroductionDCswitchingregulatorusedinthepriceofmoreexpensivehigh-powerswitchingdevices,thecontrolcircuitisalsomorecomplex,Inaddition,theloadswitchingregulatorsaregenerallyusedalargenumberofhighlyintegratedelectronicsystemsinstalleddevices.Transistorsandintegrateddevicetoleranceelectricity,lessheatshocks.SwitchingRegulatorsthereforeshouldtakeintoaccounttheprotectionofvoltageregulatorsandloadtheirownsafety.Manydifferenttypesofcircuitprotection,polarityprotection,introducedhere,theprogramprotection,over-currentprotection,over-voltageprotection,under-voltageprotectionandover-temperatureprotectioncircuit.Usuallychosentobesomecombinationofprotection,constitutesacompleteprotectionsystem.B、PolarityprotectionDCswitchingregulatorinputisgenerallynotregulatedDCpowersupply.Operatingerrorsoraccidentsasaresultofthesituationwilltakeitswrongpolarity;switchingpowersupplywillbedamaged.Polarityprotectionpurposes,istomaketheswitchingregulatoronlywhenthecorrectpolarityisnotconnectedtoDCpowersupplyregulatortoworkat.Connectingasingledevicecanachievepowerpolarityprotection.SincethediodeDtoflowthroughswitchingregulatorinputtotalcurrent,thiscircuitappliedinalow-powerswitchingregulatormoresuitable.Powerinthelargeroccasion,whilethepolarityprotectioncircuitasaproceduretoprotectalink,savethepowerrequiredforpolarityprotectiondiodes,powerconsumptionwillbereduced.Inordertoeasytooperate,makeiteasiertoidentifythecorrectpolarityornot,collectthenextlight.C、ProcedurestoprotectSwitchingpowersupplycircuitisrathercomplicated,basicallycanbedividedintolow-powerandhigh-powerpartofthecontrolpartoftheswitch.Switchisahigh-powertransistors,fortheprotectionofthetransistorswitchisturnedonoroffpowersafety,wemustfirstmodulator,amplifierandotherlow-powercontrolcircuit.Tothisend,theboottoensurethecorrectprocedures.SwitchingRegulatorsgenerally2taketheinputofasmallinductor,theinputfiltercapacitor.Momentintheboot,filtercapacitorwillflowalotofsurgecurrent,thesurgecurrentcanbeseveraltimesmorethanthenormalinputcurrent.Suchalargesurgecurrentmaycontactthegeneralpowerswitchorrelaycontactmelting,andtheinputfuse.Inaddition,thecapacitorsurgecurrentwilldamagetoshortenthelifespanofprematuredamage.Tothisend,thebootshouldbeaccesstoacurrentlimitingresistor,throughthecurrentlimitingresistortocapacitorcharging.Inordernottomakethecurrentlimitingresistorexcessivepowerconsumption,thusaffectingthenormalswitchingregulator,andthetransientprocessinthebootafterashortperiodthenautomaticallyrelaysittoDCpowersupplydirectlytotheswitchingregulatorpowersupply.Thiscircuitswitchingregulatorcalledasoftstartcircuit.Switchingregulatorcontrolcircuitofthelogiccomponentsrequiredorop-ampauxiliarypowersupply.Tothisend,theauxiliarypowersupplymustbeintheswitchcircuit.Thiscontrolcircuitcanbeusedtoensuretheboot.Normalbootprocessis:toidentifythepolarityofinputpower,voltageprotectionproceduresbootauxiliarypowersupplycircuitandthroughcurrentlimitingresistorRoftheswitchingregulatorinputcapacitorCchargemodulationswitchingregulatorcircuit,short-circuitcurrentlimitingresistorstabilityswitchingregulator.Intheswitchingregulator,themachinesjustbecausetheoutputcapacitance,andchargetotheratedoutputvoltagevalueoftheneedforacertainperiodoftime.Duringthistime,samplingtheoutputamplifierwithlowinputvoltagesampling,closed-loopregulationcharacteristicsofthesystemwillforcetheswitchingofthetransistorconductiontimelengthened,sothatswitchingtransistorduringthisperiodwilltendtocontinuousconduction,andeasilydamaged.Tothisend,therequirementsofthisparagraphintheboottime,theswitchtoswitchtheoutputmodulationcircuittransistorbasedrivesignalofthepulsewidthmodulation,canguaranteetheswitchingtransistorbythecut-offswitchesarebecomingmoreandmorenormalstate,thereforetheprotectionofthesettingupofaboottotieinwiththesoftstart.D、Over-currentprotectionWhentheloadshort-circuit,overloadcontrolcircuitfailureorunforeseencircumstances,suchaswouldcausetheflowofswitchingvoltageregulatortransistorcurrentistoolarge,sothatincreasedpowertubes,fever,ifthereisnoover-currentprotectiondevice,highpowerswitchingtransistormaybedamaged.Therefore,theswitchingregulatorintheover-currentprotectioniscommonlyused.Themosteconomicalwayistousesimplefuse.Asaresultoftheheatcapacityofsmalltransistors,generalfuseprotectioningeneralcannotplayaroleintherapidfusecommonfuse.Thismethodhastheadvantageoftheprotectionofvulnerable,butitneedstoswitchtransistorinaccordancewithspecificsecurityrequirementsoftheworkareatoselectthefusespecifications.Thisdisadvantageisover-currentprotectionmeasuresbrought3aboutbytheinconvenienceoffrequentreplacementoffuses.Linearvoltageregulatorcommonlyusedintheprotectionandcurrentlimitingtoprotectthecut-offintheswitchingregulatorcanbeapplied.However,accordingtothecharacteristicsofswitchingregulators,theprotectioncircuitcannotdirectlycontroltheoutputtransistorswitches,andovercurrentprotectionmustbeconvertedtopulseoutputcommandstocontrolthemodulatortoprotectthetransistorswitch.Inordertoachieveover-currentprotectionaregenerallyrequiredsamplingresistorinseriesinthecircuit,thiswillaffecttheefficiencyofpowersupply,somoreforlow-powerswitchingregulatorofoccasions.Inthehigh-powerswitchingpowersupply,bytakingintoaccountthepowerconsumptionshouldbeavoidedasfaraspossibleaccesstothesamplingresistor.Therefore,therewillusuallybeconvertedtoover-currentprotection,andunder-voltageprotection.E、Over-voltageprotectionSwitchingregulatorsinputover-voltageprotection,includingover-voltageprotectionandoutputover-voltageprotection.SwitchingregulatorisnotusedinDCpowersupplyvoltageregulatorandrectifier,suchasbatteryvoltage,iftoohigh,soswitchingregulatorisnotworkingproperly,orevendamagetointernaldevices,therefore,itisnecessarytousetheinputover-voltageprotectioncircuit.Usingtransistorsandrelaysprotectioncircuit.Inthecircuit,whentheinputDCpowersupplyvoltagehigherthanthevoltageregulatordiodebreakdownvoltagevalue,thebreakdownvoltageregulatortube,acurrentflowingthroughresistorR,sothatVturn-ontransistor,relay,normallyclosedcontactoffopen,cutofftheinput.VoltageregulatorvoltageregulatorwhichcontrolsthevalueofVs.=Earwax-UBE.Thepolarityofinputpowerwiththeinputprotectioncircuitcanbecombinedwithover-voltageprotection,polarityprotectionconstituteadifferentialcircuitandovervoltageprotection.Outputover-voltageprotectionswitchingpowersupplyisessential.Inparticular,forthe5Voutputoftheswitchingregulator,itisalotofloadonahighlevelofintegrationofthelogicdevice.Ifatwork,switchingregulatorsuddendamagetotheswitchtransistor,theoutputpotentialmaybeincreasedimmediatelytotheimportationofnon-regulatedDCpowersupplyvoltagevalue,causinggreatlossinstantaneous.Commonlyusedmethodisshort-circuitprotectionthirsted.Thesimplestover-voltageprotectioncircuit.Whentheoutputvoltageistoohigh,theregulatortubebreakdowntriggeredthirstierturn-on,theoutputshort-circuit,resultinginover-currentthroughthefuseorcircuitprotectivedevicetocutofftheinputtoprotecttheload.Thiscircuitisequivalenttotheresponsetimeoftheopeningtimeofthirstierisabout510s.Thedisadvantageisthatitsactionisfixedvoltage,temperaturecoefficient,andactionpointsofinstability.Inaddition,thereisavoltageregulatorcontrolparametersofthediscrete,model4over-voltagestart-upthesamebuthasdifferentvalues,difficulttodebug.Escasuddenincreaseinoutputvoltage,transistorsV1,V2conduction,thethrusterconduction.ReferencevoltageVs.bytype.F、Under-voltageprotectionOutputvoltagebelowthevaluetoreflecttheinputDCpowersupply,switchingregulatoroutputloadinternalorunusualoccurrence.InputDCpowersupplyvoltagedropsbelowthespecifiedvaluewouldresultinswitchingregulatoroutputvoltagedrops,theinputcurrentincreases,notonlyendangertheswitchingtransistor,butalsoendangertheinputpower.Therefore,inordertosetupduetovoltageprotection.Duetosimplevoltageprotection.Whennovoltageregulatorinputnormal,ZDbreakdownvoltageregulatortube,transistorsVconduction,therelayaction,contactpull-in,power-switchingregulator.Whentheinputbelowtheminimumallowablevoltagevalue,theregulatortubeZDbarrier,Vcut-off,contactKai-hop,switchingregulatorcannotwork.Internalswitchingregulator,asthecontrolswitchtransistorcircuitdisordersorfailurewilldecreasetheoutputvoltage;loadshort-circuitoutputvoltagewillalsodecline.Especiallyinthereversed-phasestep-uporstep-upswitchingregulatorDCvoltageoftheprotectionduetoover-currentprotectionwithcloselyrelatedandthereforemoreimportant.ImplementationofSwitchingRegulatorsintheterminationoftheoutputvoltagecomparators.Normally,thereisnocomparatoroutput,oncethevoltagedropsbelowtheallowablevalueinthecomparatorontheflip,drivealarmcircuit;alsofedbacktotheswitchingregulatorcontrolcircuit,sothatswitchingtransistorcut-offorcutofftheinputpower.G、Over-temperatureprotectionSwitchingregulatorandthehighlevelofintegrationoflight-weightsmallvolume,withitsunitvolumegreatlyincreasedthepowerdensity,powersupplycomponentstoitsworkwithintherequirementsoftheambienttemperatureisalsoacorrespondingincrease.Otherwise,thecircuitperformancewilldeteriorateprematurecomponentfailure.Therefore,inhigh-powerswitchingregulatorshouldbesetupover-temperatureprotection.Relaysusedtodetectthetemperatureinsidethepowersupplytemperature,whentheinternallygeneratedpowersupplyoverheating,thetemperatureoftherelayontheaction,sothatwholecircuitinawarningalarm,andtherealizationofthepowersupplyover-temperatureprotection.Temperaturerelaycanbeplacedinthevicinityoftheswitchingtransistor,thegeneralhigh-powertubeshelltoallowthemaximumtemperatureis75,adjustthetemperaturesettingto60.Whentheshellafterthe5temperatureexceedstheallowablevaluetocutoffelectricalrelayontheswitchprotection.Semiconductorswitchingdevicethermalhotthirstier,intheover-temperatureprotection,playedanimportantrole.Itcanbeusedasdirectedcircuittemperature.Underthecontrolofp-hot-gatethirstier(TT102)characteristics,byRTvaluetodeterminethetemperatureofthedeviceturn-on,RTgreaterthetemperaturethelowertheturn-on.Whenplacednearthepowerswitchingtransistororpowerdevice,itwillbeabletoplaytheroleoftemperatureinstructions.Whenthepowercontrolthetemperatureoftheshellortheinternaldevicetemperatureexceedstheallowedvalue,theheatconductionthirstieron,sothatLEDwarninglight.Iftheoptcouplerwith,wouldenablethewholecircuitalarmactiontoprotecttheswitchingregulator.Itcanalsobeusedasapowertransistorastheover-temperatureprotection,crystalswitchthebasecurrentbyn-typegatecontrolthirstierTT201thermalbypass,cut-offswitchtocutoffthecollectorcurrenttopreventoverheating.H、ThefuturedevelopmentofrelayprotectionProtectiontechnologytofuturetrendsiscomputerized,network,intelligent,protectionandcontrol,measurementanddatacommunicationsintegrationdevelopment.1)ComputerizedAlongwiththerapiddevelopmentofcomputerhardware,microcomputerprotectionanddevelopmentinhardware.Formernorthelectricityinstituteofcomputerlineprotectionhardwarehasexperiencedthreedevelopmentstages:fromeightsingleCPUstructureofthemicrocomputerrelayprotection,lessthan5yearstimetodevelopmoreCPUstructure,andtodevelopthelargedontbusmodule,performancegreatlyimprovemodulestructure,widelyused.Huazhonguniversityofscienceandtechnologydevelopmentofmicrocomputerprotectionfrom8bitsCPU,isthecorepartinpolymerizing-kettledevelopmentbasedon32-bitmicrocomputerprotection.Nanjinginstituteofelectricalautomationbegana16-bitCPUisdevelopedonthebasisofcomputerlineprotection,hasbeenwidespreadinthestudy,alsoprotectthehardwaresystem32bits.Thedevelopmentofsoutheastuniversitycomputerhardwareandequipmenttoprotectandimprovethroughalot.Tianjinuniversityisastartwithmorethan16bitsCPUdevelopedonthebasisofcomputerlineprotection,whichbeganin1988study32-bitdigitalsignalprocessor(DSP)fortheprotectionandcontrol,measuringdevices,microcomputerintegratedwithZhuhaijinelectricalautomationequipmentcompanydevelopedintoafullyfunctional32-bitbigmodules,amoduleisasmallcomputer.Using32-bitmicrocomputerchipisnotonlybecausetheaccuracyandprecisionoftheA/Dconverterbytheresolutionlimit,morethan16whenconvertingspeedandcostisunacceptable,Moreimportantisthe32-bitmicrocomputerchipwithhighintegrity,highfrequencyandcomputingspeedandlargespace,rich6addressingthecommandsystemandmoreinputoutput.TheCPUregisters,databus,theaddressbusare32-bitmemorymanagementfunction,andmemoryprotectionfunctionandtasks,andtheconversionfunctionwillCache(Cache)andfloating-pointcomponentsareintegratedintheCPU.2）NetworkPowersystemofmicrocomputerprotectionrequirement,besidesimprovingthebasicfunctionofprotection,alsoshouldhavethecapacityofthefaultinformationanddatastoragespace,long-termfastdataprocessingfunction,strongcommunicationability,andotherprotectionandcontroldevicesandthewholesystembysharingnetworkdispatchingdata,informationandnetworkresources,theabilitytoprograminahigh-levellanguage,etc.ThisrequiresmicrocomputerprotectiondeviceisequivalenttoaPC.Intheearlydevelopmentofcomputertoprotect,oncethoughttouseasmallcomputerfinishrelayprotectiondevice.Duetothelargesize,thenminicomputershighcostandreliabilityofthisideaisnotreality.Now,withmicroprocessor-basedprotectionfunctionofsimilarsize,speed,work-managingmachinegreatlyexceedthestoragecapacityofminicomputer,therefore,makeuseoftherelayprotectionsetspolymerizing-kettletimeisripe,thisisthedevelopmentdirectionofthemicrocomputerrelayprotection.TianjinUniversityhasdevelopedwithmicroprocessor-basedprotectiondevicewithanidenticalstructurereformpolymerizing-kettleofrelayprotectiondevice.Thisdevicehasseveraladvantages:(1)486PCmachinecanmeetallthefunctionsofthecurrentandfuturedemandsofmicrocomputerprotectionfunction.(2)dimensionandstructureandthecurrentprotectiondevice,exquisiteworkmanship,shockproof,preventoverheating,preventingelectromagneticinterferenceabilityisstrong,canruninverybadworkingenvironment,costcanbeaccepted.(3)usingSTDbusorPCbus,hardwaremodular,fordifferentprotectioncanbearbitrarilychoosedifferentmodules,flexibleconfiguration,easyextension.Themicrocomputerrelayprotectiondevice,computerizedisirreversibletrend.Buthowtobettersatisfypowersystem,howtofurtherimprovethereliabilityoftherelayprotection,andhowtoobtainmoreeconomicbenefitandsocialbenefit,stillmustspecificallyin-depthresearch.820networksThecomputernetworkinformationanddatacommunicationtoolhasbecomethemainstayoftheinformationage,makehumanproductiontechnologyandsociallifeofthefundamentalchangeshavetakenplace.Itisdeeplyaffectallindustries,aswellasvariousindustryprovidespowerfulmeansofcommunication.Sofar,inadditiontothedifferentialprotectiondisoperationandprotectionoftherelayprotectiondevice,allcanonlyprotecttheelectricityinstallationreaction.Protectionfunctionislimited,reduceaccidentsresectionfaultcomponents.Thisismainlyduetothelackofdatacommunications.Strong7Foreignhadputforwardtheconceptofprotectionsystem,whichwasmainlyreferstothesafetyautomaticdevice.Becauseoftherelayprotectionfunctionnotonlyfaultcomponentsandlimitresectionimpactaccident(thisistoensurepriority),thesafeandstableoperationofthewholesystem.ThisrequireseachprotectionunitcanbealtogetherI、ConclusionDiscussedaboveintheswitchingregulatorofavarietyofconservation,andintroducesanumberofspecificwaystoachieve.Ofagivenswitchingpowersupplyisconcerned,butalsoprotectionfromthewholetoconsiderthefollowingpoints:1)TheswitchingregulatorusedintheswitchingtransistorintheDCsecurityrestrictionsontheworkofregionalwork.ThetransistorswitchesselectedbythemanualavailabletransistorsgetDCsafeworkingarea.Accordingtothemaximumcollectorcurrenttodeterminetheinputvalueofover-currentprotection.However,theinstantaneousmaximumvalueshouldbeconvertedtotheaveragecurrent.Atratedoutputcurrentandoutputvoltageconditions,theswitchofthedynamicloadlinedoesnotexceedasafeworkingareaDCmaximuminputvoltage,inputover-voltageprotectionisthevoltagevalue.2)Theswitchingregulatoroutputlimitgivenbythetechnicalindicatorswithin.Workwithintherequiredtemperaturerange,theswitchingregulatorsoutputvoltage,thelowerlimitoftheoutputisoff,duetothevoltagevalueofvoltageprotection.Over-currentprotectioncanbebasedonthemaximumoutputcurrenttodetermine.Falsealarminordernottoprotectthevalueofacertainmargintoremainappropriate.3)Fromtheabovetwomethodstodeterminetheprotectionafterthepowersupplydeviceinaccordancewiththeneedsofmeasurestodeterminethealarm.Measuresthegeneralalarmsoundandlightalarmtwopolice.Voiceofthepoliceappliedtomorecomplexmachines,powersupplypartsanddonotstandoutinaplace,itcangivestaffaneffectivewarningoffailure;opticalPoliceinstructionscanbeeye-catchingandfaultalarmandpointedoutthatthefaultlocationandtype.Protectionmeasuresshouldbeprotectedastodeterminethelocation.Inthehigh-power,multi-channelpowersupply,alwayspaying,DCcircuitbreakers,relays,etc.high-sensitivityauto-protectionmeasures,tocutofftheinputpowersupplytostopworkingthesystemfromdamage.Throughthelogiccontrolcircuittomaketheappropriateprogramcut-offswitchtransistorissensitiveitisconvenientandeconomic.Thiseliminatedlarge,longresponsetime,thepriceofyourhigh-powerrelayorcircuitbreaker.4)Thepowerofputtingintheprotectioncircuitwillbeaffectedafterthereliabilityofthesystem,forwhichwanttoprotectthereliabilityofthecircuititselfishigherinordertoimprovethereliabilityofthe8entirepowersystem,therebyincreasingitsownpowersupplyMTBF.Thisrequirestheprotectionofstrictlogic,thecircuitissimple,atleastcomponents,Inadditiontotheprotectioncircuitshouldalsobeconsideredafailureofmaintenanceoftheirdifficultyandtheirpowertoprotectthedamage.Therefore,wemustbecomprehensiveandsystematicconsiderationofavarietyofswitchingpowersupplyprotectionmeasurestoensurethenormaloperationofswitchingpowersuppliesandhigh-efficiencyandhighreliability.9直流开关稳压电源的保护技术摘要：讨论了直流开关稳压电源的保护系统,提出保护系统设计的原则和整机保护的措施，分析了开关稳压电源中的各种保护的特点及其设计方法,介绍了几种实用保护电路。关键字：开关电源；保护电路；系统设计一、引言直流开关稳压器中所使用的大功率开关器件价格较贵,其控制电路亦比较复杂,另外,开关稳压器的负载一般都是用大量的集成化程度很高的器件安装的电子系统。晶体管和集成器件耐受电、热冲击的能力较差。因而开关稳压器的保护应该兼顾稳压器本身和负载的安全。保护电路的种类很多,这里介绍极性保护、程序保