九年级英语第十二单元知识点.doc

九年级英语第十二单元知识点和练习一. 重要词汇1. for the first time 第一次 for the last time 最后一次 She visited the Great Wall for the first time last week . He took the plane for the first time, of course he was a little nervous .Im telling you for the last time - dont be late again . 与time有关的词组: all the time =always总是, 一直 at the same time 同时 at times 有时=sometimes by the time 到的时候 time after time time and time again 一次又一次; 屡次, 反复 once upon a time 从前 kill time 消磨时间 in no time 立刻,马上=at once have a good time 过得愉快, 玩得开心 from time to time 有时, 时常2. shake hands 握手 shake hands with sb. 和某人握手 shake sb. by the hand = shake ones hand 握住某人的手3. arrive ( at in) 到达 I arrived in Beijing yesterday evening . get ( to ) 到达 I got to Beijing yesterday evening . reach到达 I reached Beijing yesterday evening .当宾语是副词时，要省略上面短语中的at in和to，如arrive home here there get home here there 4. suppose (1) 动词 , “ 认定 , 猜想 ” 后接that引导的宾语从句, that可以省略. I suppose ( that ) well go there next week . I suppose ( that ) he is still in town . (2) 动词 , “ 假设, 假如 ” Suppose he be here on time , what shall we do ? (3 ) be supposed to do sth.= should 应该做某事 其否定结构为be not supposed to do sth 不应该做某事 Everyone is supposed to wear a seat-belt (安全带) in the car . Teachers are supposed to treat all the students alike . 老师应该对所有学生一视同仁 . You are not supposed to smoke on the bus . We are not supposed to play football on Sunday . Its a secret , Im not supposed to tell you.5relax 动词, “ 使轻松, 使休息” Lets relax ourselves by listening to music . relaxed 形容词, 某人“ 感到松懈的, 感到放松的” I felt relaxed after the competition . relaxing 形容词, 某物 “ 令人松懈的, 令人轻松的” I like those relaxing country songs .6drop by 顺便来访 He dropped by to see what happened here yesterday .7. make plans to do sth plan to do sth. make plans for sth. 计划做某事 We made plans for the next meeting yesterday . She often makes plans to improve her English .8. without 介词, “ 无, 没有” (1) without sth. 没有某物 A man without a friend is only half a man . She went to work without breakfast this morning . Without air or water , we couldnt live . (2) without doing sth. 没有做某事 She spoke without thinking . He left without saying goodbye .(3) without短语常可转换成状语从句或并列句. Without your help I cant work out the problem . = If you dont help me I cant work out the problem . He went out without saying a word . = he went out and didnt say a word .(4) without 短语作定语时, 可以转换为定语从句. Have you seen a man without friends ? = have you seen a man who has no friends ? 9. pick up (1) 捡起,拾起 Its a good habit to pick up the little ( 2 ) (车辆等) 中途搭人 带货 The car stopped and picked me up .10. every time , next time , last time 等表示时间的短语后跟一个从句, 用来作主句 的时间状语.Every time I come , I always find he is busy playing computer games . Last time you left the house , you forgot to lock the door .11. point at 指向较近的人或物 The teacher is pointing at the map on the wall .point to 指向较远的人或物 He pointed to the house on the other side of the river and said, “Thats my home .”point out 指出 (方向,要点,错误等) The teacher pointed out many mistakes in my homework .12. go out of ones way to do sth. 特意(花心血、时间)做某事, 故意做某事 He went out of his way to help me . We go out of our way to build our country .13. make sb oneself feel at home 使某人感觉在家里, 很随意, 无拘束 Sit down and make yourself feel at home .14. first 首先 强调动作的先后角度 Before I go, I must first change my clothes . at first = at the beginning 起初; 含有 “ 后来不这样了” 的意思 At first I didnt like her , but now I do . first of all 首先, 第一; 指按时间顺序处于第一 First of all , we must check the number . First of all , let me say how glad I am to be here . above all 首先,最重要的是= the most important of all 强调重要性 We must work hard, and above all we must believe that each of us is able to do something well . after all 毕竟 - Im sorry. I didnt do it well . - Never mind . After all, its the first time for you to do it .15. 含有up 的词组: stand up 站起来 grow up 长大 send up 发射 climb up 爬上 get up 起床 pick up 捡起 put up 张贴,搭建 look up 查找set up 建立 eat up 吃关 use up 用完 cut up切开give up 放弃 clean up 清理 fix up修理 16begin with= start off with 以 开始 The concert begin with the National Anthem (国歌) Begin with this one and do the others afterwards . We will begin with start off with music .end with 以 结尾 In his speech, he began with a proverb and ended with a joke .17. 可以充当句子主语的结构: (1) 名词作主语: This picture is beautiful . (2) 代词作主语: I love you . (3) 形容词作主语: The old must be taken good care of . (4) 基数词作主语: Two and three is five . (5) 动名词作主语: Seeing is believing . (6) 动词不定式作主语: To study hard is our duty . (7) 并列结构作主语: Reading and writing are very important . (8) 主语从句作主语: What she did is not yet known . What she says isnt always true .18. search 指对某处、某地进行搜查或搜索，对人时为搜身。常构成短语search for The police searched him but found nothing . The are searching the house for the thief . look for 寻找 ( 某物、某人) ；强调找的过程。 He is looking for his dictionary . find 找到, 发现 强调结果 She looked for her pen everywhere , but she couldnt find it. find out 指通过观察、调查、询问等方式 “ 找出 ”原因，“ 发现 ”（秘密、错误） Have you found out his address ? Please find out when the train leaves .19. cant stop doing sth = cant help doing sth忍不住做某事 She cant stop crying . They couldnt stop laughing .cant wait to do sth 迫不及待做某事 He couldnt wait to open the present .20. make sb. feel at home . 使某人感觉像在家里(随意,放松)21. be comfortable doing sth 做某事很舒服 自在 流利 Im very comfortable speaking French now . Mr Li is very comfortable living in Shanghai .22. There is no reason to do sth. 没有理由做某事 There was no reason to be late . There is no reason to smoke here .23. I find it difficult to remember everything . it 做形式宾语, 不定式做真实宾语. They feel it interesting to learn english . We think it dangerous to play on the road .it 也可做形式主语, 不定式做真实主语. It is not easy to learn English well . It is dangerous to play on the road .24. be pleased to do sth. 很高兴做某事 Im pleased to hear about your news . Im pleased to be your student . be pleased with sb. sth 对某人 某事感到满意 = be satisfied sth. Are you pleased with what he did ? He is very pleased with his sons answer .二. 宾语从句 (一) 陈述句做宾语从句时, 由连词that 引导. that 可省略注意: (1) 此时要考虑人称的变化. 说自己要变, 说别人不变. (2) 宾语从句表达的是客观事实或普遍真理, 时态不变. 1. Mr Zhang says , “ I am a business man .”2. Miss Zhao says , “ My favorite sport is running .”3.Li Hong says , “ Mr Zhang is good at English .”4. Mr Xiao says , “ We are going to plant trees tomorrow .”5. Li Ping tells us , “ I live in No. 6 Hongxing Road .”6. Mr Smith says , “ I will visit the Great Wall next week .7. Meimei says , “ I have learned English for more than 2 years .” 8. They tell their son , “ The earth goes around the sun .”(2) 特殊疑问句做宾语从句时, 因为疑问句不能直接做直接引语或宾语从句, 要把原来的特殊疑问句改为陈述句的顺序. 规律: (1) 句中有be动词, 情态动词, 助动词have has, will would 等, 和后面的主语交换位置, 其它不变. (2) 句中有助动词do, 去掉do, 其它不变; 句中有助动词does, 去掉does, 另一个动词加s或es. 句中有助动词did, 去掉did, 另一个动词加用过去式. 1. What class are you in ? Do you know ?2. Where was Mr chen last night ? Im not sure .3. When does the plane leave ? I dont know .4. Where do you work ? I want to know .5. Where does he live ? I dont know .6. What time did he get up this morning ? I want to know .7. How long has he learned English ? Im not sure .8. How are they going to the farm tomorrow ? He asks me .9. When will they leave for Beijing ? I dont know .注意句子顺序: 主句 + 引导词 + 从句的主语 + 谓语 + 其它 .(三). 一般疑问句做宾语从句时, 由连词if 或whether 引导. 此时也要把疑问句改为陈述句的语序. 规律同上. 1. Are you a middle school student ? Mr Zhang asks Wei Hua .2. Can I sit here to have a rest ? The old man asks Lucy . 3. Is there anything interesting in todays newspaper ? Li lei asks . 4. Have you finished your homework ? Miss Li asks Wei Fang . 5. Will they work on the farm tomorrow ? I dont know . 6. Does she get up early every day ? I want to know . 7.Did you have a good time yesterday ? Mr Zhang asks his son . 注意(1)句子顺序: 主句 + 引导词if 或whether + 从句的主语 + 谓语 + 其它 .(2) if 或whether一般情况下可以互换. 但下列情况中只能用whether . -句子后有 or not It doesnt matter whether he will come or not . -在动词不定式前面 They havent decided whether to go . -在介词后 Everything depends on whether we have enough money . -位于句首 Whether it is right or wrong , I dont know .(四) 当主句为一般过去时, 宾语从句也要用过去的时态.(五) 请正确理解以下含有宾语从句的句子. 1. He said that he came to sell books and asked politely if our parents were at home . 2. They told me that I should stop my brother from opening The door to strangers . 3. He didnt know how it had happened . 4. I think computers are more wonderful . 5. Everyone knows computers have changed the world a lot since they were invented . 6. Lisa forget what she faced . 7. Do you know when the train will arrive ? 8. I dont understand why they are so mad about the game . 9. We know how much he loves running . 10. He described where they had landed and told how they were moving across the United Stated . 11. Do you know where John is ? 12. You wouldnt believe how quickly my French has improved ! 13. I didnt know what I was supposed to do . 练 习一. 单选题1. - When did your uncle arrive _ china ? - He got to Guangzhou _ the morning of the 16th of April . A. at, in B. in, in C. to, on D. in, on2. Many teenagers have hobbies . But sometimes these hobbies can get _ of schoolwork . A. on the way B. by the way C. in the way D. out of the way3. - _ hard work you have done ! - Its very kind of you to say so. A. what B. how C. what a D. how a 5. The boy found _ hard to get along with the other classmates . A. this B. that C. it D. they 6. Are you used to _ early ? A. get up B. getting up C. got up D. gets up 7. Cards are used to _ . A. traveling B. travel C. traveled D. travels8. “ Can you see it ?” the farmer _ the tower far away . A. point B. pointed C. pointed at D. p