基础医学英语词根.doc

Unit 1 unit1u hyper- over, above excessivehypersensitivehypersensitivity reactionhyperactivehyperemiahypercalcemia hyperthyroidismu hypo- under, deficienthypogastric 下腹部的hypodermic hypotensionhypothyroidismhypothyroidu ab- from, away fromabductabstract abuseabnormalu ad- to, toward, nearadrenal adhesion fibrous adhesionHe gave in his adhesion to the Party last year.give in ones adhesion to 表示同意, 声明加入u adhere (to): v.1 to stick or hold fastMud adhered to our shoes. u to be devoted (to a political part y, cause, religion, etc); be a follower (of)adhere to a party u 3 to follow closely or exactly She adhered to what she had said at the meeting. ab=ad=to，brevi=short，briefu accustom ac=ad=to, custom习惯advocate ad=to, voc=callaggress ag=ad=to, gress=walkattract at=ad=to, tract=drawu mal- ill, bad, poor malnutrition malfunction maladaptation不适应malaria n.疟疾, 瘴气malignant (benignant)u peri- around,surroundingpericardiumperidentitisperipheral the peripheral nervous system peri- go throughexperimentperil expertu ant(i)- against antibacterial adj. 抗菌的 n. 抗菌药antibiotic n. 抗生素 adj. 抗生的antibodyantigen u bi- double, twobicepsbilingualbilateral bimonthlyA patient with bilateral hearing loss may have partial or total hearing loss in both ears. The two countries have signed several bilateral agreements.u di- double, twodilemmadiplomadioxidemonoxide u tri- three triangletrilateral triceps quadricepsu poly- many, muchpolycystic 多囊的The typical symptoms of diabetes mellitus are weight loss, polydipsia, polyuria, and polyphagia.u post- following, after; (in anatomy) behind postpartum hemorrhage 产后出血postnatal infectionposttransfusionpostvaccinalpustvksinlpostmortemposterior postcentral 中央后的，中枢后的u pro- before, in front of; for, forwardprocephalic prochondral 软骨形成前的prospectproposeu pre- before, preceding; (in anatomy) in front of, anterior toprepyloricprecancerousprecordiumpregnancypremature birthprenatal/antenatal diagnosisu retro- backwardretroversionretrospectretrograde u sub- under; lower in ranksubcutaneoussublingualsubdivisionsubunitsubtitleu inter- between, amongintercellularintercostal musclesinterscapular interactionintervertebral discintermittent feveru ex-, exo- outside, outerexcisionexotoxin exodontiaexocardiaexocrineexophthalmus u endo- within, innerendotoxinendocrinologyendoscopeendocardiumendochondralu extra- outside, beyond在之外extravasationextracellularextraordinaryu intra- in, withinintraoperativeintracellularintracranialintravenousu aut(o)- self autologous an autologous graftautograftautobiographyu bio- lifebiopsy autopsyantibioticbiochemistrybiocide u phon(o)- sound, voice phonocardiography 心音描记术 phoneticsmicrophonetelephonesymphonyu holistic整体主义的holo- wholeholism holist 整体论者holocrineholoenzyme unit 2u arthr(o)- jointarthritisarthroscopearthralgiaarthroplastyarthropathyu articul(o)articulationabarticulation滑囊关节，关节脱位articularu brachi(o)- arm, brachium(pl. brachia) 臂，肱brachialgia 7breiki5AldViE 臂神经痛brachial arterybrachial plexus 臂丛brachiocephalic artery 头臂动脉u cervic(o)- neck; the cervix, especially of the uteruscervical cancercervical smear 宫颈涂片cervical vertebrae 颈椎cervicitisu chondr(o)- cartilageendochondralprochondral 软骨形成前的chondritischondrocytechondroblastchondroclastu cost(o)- ribintercostal musclescostectomy surgical removalcostal cartilageu crani(o)- cranium, skullintracranialcraniosacral therapycranioscopy颅检查术,颅相学cranioplastycraniotomy 颅骨切开术，穿颅术craniotome 开颅器u phosph(o)- phosphorusphosphatecarbonateu fasci(o)- fascia (pl. fasciae) 筋膜superficial fascia deep fasciafasciitisu femor(o)- thigh bone, femurfemoral nervefemoral trianglefemorocele u -cele swelling, hernia, tumor 肿物，膨出，疝encephalocele 脑膨出u fibr(o)- fibrefibrousfibromafibrocytefibrin 纤维蛋白u kyph(o)- hump, humpback 驼背kyphosis 脊柱后凸,驼背kyphotickyphoscoliosis脊柱后侧凸 scoliosis 脊柱侧凸u lei(o)- smoothnessleiomyomaleiomyosarcomau lord(o)- bentlordosis 脊柱前弯症,脊柱前凸lordoticu lumb(o)- loin (lower back)腰lumbarlumbar puncture腰椎穿刺lumbar vertebrae腰椎lumbosacral 腰骶的u myel(o)- the spinal cord; bone marrowmyelitismyelomamyelocele 脊髓突出u my(o)- musclemyalgiamyocarditiscardiomyopathymyocardial infarctionmyotonia 肌强直myositis 肌炎u muscul(o)-muscular dystrophy 肌营养不良musculocutaneous nerve 肌皮神经muscularis 肌层u oss(i)-ossificationauditoryossicle particleosseous u oste(o)- boneosteopathyosteomyelitisosteosarcomaosteoporosis poreosteoblastu patell(o) knee cap, patellapatellar reflex 膝反射u pelv(i)- pelvis (pl. pelves)骨盆pelvic cavitypelvimetry pel5vimitri骨盆测量法u -metry measuring, measurementthermometry 温度测定法, 物检温学pelvimeterthermometeru radi(o)- radiusradial arteryradial reflexradial nerveu radi(o)- radiation; radioactive substanceradioactivity 放射性radioscopy X线透视检查radiotherapyradium 镭u rhabd(o) rod-shapedrhabdovirus棒状病毒rhabdomyomarhabdomyosarcomastriatedmuscle 横纹肌 sarc(o)- fleshsarcomasarcoplasmsarcoid 肉样的 resemblingtoxoid scoli(o)- twistedscoliosis spondyl(o)- vertebraspondylitis stern(o)- breastbone,sternumsternocostal ten(o)- tendontenodesis 肌腱固定术tendonitistenoplastyplastic surgery = plasticstenorrhaphy tendin(o)- tendontendinitis 腱炎 thorac(o)- chest, thoraxthoracic cavitythoracic duct 胸导管thoracic vertebraethoracoscopethoracoplasty 胸廓成形术 ton(o)- tone, tensionmyotonia肌强直tonometer 压力计hypertonichypotonicisotonic uln(o)- ulnaulnar arteryulnar nerve vertebr(o)- vertebra (pl. vertebrae)vertebrectomyvertebral column 脊柱coccyx -dynia painosteodynianeurodynia -ia diseaseanoxia 缺氧症 a(n)- anemiaanuria -itis inflammation inflameepiphysitisepiphysisdiaphysis -trophyhypertrophyatrophydystrophytrophology quadri 四quadriceps 四头肌quadrilateral 四边的，四边形quadriplegia 四肢麻痹 account forHis illness accounts for his absence. The skeletal muscles about 36% and 45% of total body weight in untrained adult females and males,respectively. The invasive property of cancer accounts for its metastasis. -let small, lesserpiglet, booklet, starlet, leaflet“身上佩带的饰品”：anklet, armlet, braceletUnit 3 arthro- articulationdysarthria articulator 发音者/器，发音器官；接骨者 cerebello cerebellum 小脑cerebellar 小脑的cerebellospinal 小脑脊髓的 cerebro cerebrum 大脑cerebritis 大脑炎 cerebral accident 脑意外cerebrospinal fluid comato- deep sleep comaSomeone who isinacomais in a state of deep unconsciousness. comatose 昏迷的，嗜睡的，呆滞的 duro- hard, dura materduraduralextraduraldurometer硬度计durable endurearachnoid adj. 蛛网状的, 蛛网膜的pia mater 软脑膜 encephalo- brain, encephalonencephaloid脑样的encephalocele 脑膨出encephalopathy脑病diencephalondia- encephalasthenia asthenia neurasthenia (a)esthesio- sensation, (a)esthesiaEsthesia aesthesiahyperesthesiaan(a)esthesia感觉缺乏, 麻木, 麻醉(法)(a)estheticsGeneral local ganglio ganglionganglia 神经节（PL）gangliocyte神经节细胞ganglioblast成神经节细胞ganglioma glio- neuroglia glia glioma gnoso- knowingprognosisdiagnosis -osegnosisglioblastoma 成胶质细胞瘤 hypno- sleep hypnosishypnotic 催眠的，催眠药hypnotism the practice of hypnotizing people. hypnosis催眠状态 meningo meninx meninges (pl.)meningitismeningocele meningocerebritis 脑膜脑炎 narco stupor, sleepnarcotic anaesthetic narcosis 麻醉，昏迷状态Narcissusnarcissism自恋，恋己癖 neuro- nerveneuralgia -dynianeurosisneuropathyneurasthenianeuron phobo- exaggerated fearphobiahydrophobiahemophobiaphagophobia phreno- 1 mind, brain; 2 diaphragm 膈schizophreniaphrenogastric 膈胃的 ponto- pons cerebellopontine psycho- mindpsychologypsychopathypsychiatrypediatrics radiculo- nerve rootradicalradiculopathy schizo- a split or divisionschizogenesis=schizogonyschizoid personality 精神分裂型人格schizophrene 精神分裂症患者 somni- sleep somnific insomniainsomniac somato- bodypsychosomatic medicine somatotropin somatogenicsomnambulism 梦游 -some bodylysosome loosenchromosomechromatin spino- spine; the spinal cord; thornspinal an(a)esthesiaspinal canal taxo- order; coordinationataxiataxology 分类学taxis (生)趋向性，chemotaxis 趋化性 thalamo- thalamusthalamicthalamotomyhypothalamus theco- sheath, thecaintrathecal astro- starastrocyteastronautastronomy vago- wander, vagus nervevagalvagotomy 迷走神经切断术vagary oligo- few, littleoligodendrocyteoligosaccharideoliguria -lepsy seizureepilepsy癫痫症 epilept(i)- narcolepsy -paresis slight paralysisparesis 轻瘫hemiparesis -plegia paralysishemiplegiaquardriplegiamonoplegiaphrenoplegia,frenpli:din.【医学】精神病发作；思维能力丧失；膈瘫痪microtubule micro-microscopemicrosome 微粒体microbe 微生物Unit4v angio- blood vesselangiographyangiogram angiomyoma血管肌瘤v aorto- aortaaortogramaortic stenosisaortosclerosisv arterio- arteryarteriosclerosisarteriorrhexis 动脉破裂v -rrhexis rupturearteriorrhaphy 动脉缝合术v -rrhaphy suture, sewing upv aorto- aortaaortogramaortic stenosisaortosclerosisv arterio- arteryarteriosclerosisarteriorrhexis 动脉破裂v -rrhexis rupturearteriorrhaphy 动脉缝合术v -rrhaphy suture, sewing upv athero- fatty substanceatheromaatherosclerosis atrio- atriumatrialinteratrial septumatrioventricular valvev cardio- heartcardiomegalyv -megaly largenesssplenomegalymyocardiumpericardiumendocardiumv corono crowncoronovirusrhabdoviruscoronary arterycoronal suturecoronal planev hemo-, hemato-, haemo-, haemato- bloodhemophobiahemoglobin hemolysishemostasisv hemato-Hematopoiesiserythrov -poiesis making or producing hematuriav pericardio- pericardiumpericardiocentesiscentesis sen:ti:sis pericardiorrhaphyv phlebo- vein 静脉phlebitisphlebostenosisphleborrhaphy 静脉缝合术v rhythmo- rhythmarrhythmia v sphygmo- pulse, sphygmussphygmomanometersphygmogramv stetho- cheststethoscopestethophonetelephonemicrophonestethospasm胸肌痉挛 v thrombo- clot, thrombusthrombolysisthrombocyteplateletv valvulo- valvevalvularvalvuloplasty valvulotomy v vaso- blood vesselextravasationvasoconstrictionvasodilationvasomotionv vasculo-vascular cardiovascularcerebrovascular accidentv veno vein 静脉venography 静脉造影术 venous 静脉的intravenous injection / IVv ventriculo- ventricleventriculotomyventricularv sero- serumserotoninSerous membraneserosav ischo- restrictischemiaischuriav brady- slowbradycardiabradykininbradypepsiav tachy- tachypneatachypneatachycardiav electro- electricity, electronelectrocardiogramelectromyogramelectrolytev -ectomy excision, v surgical removalvertebrectomycostectomyv graph instrument to recordcardiopneumograph telegraphv -graph (以某种方法)书写(或描绘、记录)的结果(或东西) v -graphy process of recordingphotographyangiocardiographyventriculographyv -stomy creating a new or an artificialv opening造口术,吻合术ventriculoatriostomycolostomy结肠造口术v -rrhage, -rrhagia bleedinghemorrhagebronchorrhagia laryngorrhagiav -tomy incision, cuttingarteriotomyatriotomycardiotomyUnit 5 alveolo- alveolus air sacalveolar alveolitis Al7viE5laitisalveolus 肺泡； 齿槽 broncho- bronchus(pl. bronchi)bronchodilationbronchodilatorbronchoconstrictorbronchography 支气管造影术bronchospasmbronchopneumonia bronchio- bronchusbronchiolebronchial 支气管的，细支气管的bronchiectasis (细) 支气管扩张 capno- carbon dioxidehypercapnia/hypercarbia 高碳酸血症hypocapniahyperpnoea cyano- dark bluecyanosiscyanide 氰化物 laryngo- larynxlaryngospasmlaryngoscopelaryngology lobo- lobe of lunglobectomylobulelobar pneumonialobular pneumonia mediastino- mediastinummediastinoscopymediastinitis naso- nosenasalnasoscope电(光)鼻镜 nasogastric tube ortho straight, right, uprightorthogradeorthophosphateorthogonorthodonticsorthopticsorthopedics oxo- oxygenhypoxiaoxideoximeter 血氧计 pectoro- chestpectoralpectoral girdle 肩胛带pectoral musclespectoralis major 胸大肌pectoralis minor stetho- thoraco- pharyngo pharynxpharyngolaryngitis 咽喉炎pharyngodynia咽痛 pharyngospasm aero- air or movement through the airaerobic anaerobicaerobics aero- aircraft or flying aeronauticsaeroplane sino-, sinuso- sinussinusitiscoronary sinussinoatrial node (SA node) sinus arrhythmia窦性心律不齐sinusoid 窦状隙，窦状腺 pleuro- pleurapleurotomytranspleuralpleurisy胸膜炎pleurodynia pneumo- pneumono-pneumoniapneumothorax pulmono- pulmo-pulmonicpulmonary circulationpulmonary stenosis 肺动脉狭窄 rhino- noserhinitisrhinoplastyotorhinolaryngologyrhinorrhea -rrhea flowing 流出，溢流，排出dysmenorrhea 痛经diarrhea 腹泻pyorrhoea 脓溢 phreno- mind; diaphragmphrenicschizophrenia thymo- thymusthymectomythymine 胸腺嘧啶 spiro- breathing; spiralspirometerspirograph 呼吸描记器expireinspirerespirespirochaete 5spaiErEki:t螺旋体 tonsilo- tonsiltonsillectomy tonsillitis tonsillotomy tracheo- tracheatracheospasmtracheostenosistracheotomytracheorrhaphytracheitis cocco- coccuscoccobacilluspneumococcus phago- eatingphagocytemacrophagephagophobia philo- to loveneutrophil neutralhemophiliaphilosophybibliophile -pnea breathingapneatachypnea 呼吸急促dyspnoeahyperpneahypopnea 呼吸不足，呼吸浅慢 -ptysis spittinghemoptysis muco- mucus, mucosamucousmucous membranemucincilium (pl. cilia)ciliary processciliary muscleciliary body Unit 6 ano- anus analtransanal ceco- cecum cecal ileocecalcecoptosis -ptosis prolapse 下垂renal ptosisgastroptosis cholo-, chole- bile, gall cholelith/chololithcholecystCholesterolcholestasis 胆汁郁积，胆汁阻塞cholineacetylcholine n.乙酰胆碱melancholy忧郁(的) cholangio- bile ductcholangiogramcholangiographycholangiolitis 胆小管炎cholangioma 胆管瘤cholangitis choledocho- common bile ductcholedochalcholedochoplastycholedochotomycholedochostomy colo-, colono- coloncolocentesiscolitis duodeno- duodenumduodenoscopyduodenal ulcerduodenostomy entero- enteron, intestineparenteral enterotoxinenterospasmenteroptosis肠下垂enteropexyenterocele肠疝enterocentesisenteropathy esophago- esophagusesophagealesophagogastroscopyesophagectomy食管部分切除术 gastro- stomachgastro