2014年职称英语综合类A级考前押题(2)(1).doc

第1部分：词汇选项(第115题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。1. Techniques toemploythe energy of the sun are being developed.A. convertB. storeC. utilizeD. receive2. Since the Great Depression, the United States government has protected farmers fromdamagingdrops in grain prices.A. slightB. surprisingC. suddenD. harmful3. Medicine depends on other fields for basic information,particularlysome of their specialized branches.A. conventionallyB. obviouslyC. especiallyD. inevitably4. An important part of the national government is the Foreign Service, abranchof the Department of the State.A. a unityB. a divisionC. an embassyD. an invitation5. We wereastonishedto hear that their football team had won the champion.A. amazedB. amountedC. amusedD. approached6. There is anabundantsupply of cheap labor in this country.A. a steadyB. a plentifulC. an extraD. a stable7. All living organisms,regardlessof their unique identity, have certain logical, chemical, and physical characteristics in common.A. as a result ofB. consideringC. on purposeD. whatever8. The mostcrucialproblem any economic system faces is how to use its scarce resources.A. puzzlingB. difficultC. terrifyingD. urgent9. Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree to which they can bedeliberatelycontrolled and modified.A. sufficientlyB. noticeablyC. intentionallyD. absolutely10. The Constitutions,vaguenature has given it the flexibility to be adapted when circumstances change.A. impreciseB. conciseC. unpolishedD. elementary11. The expedition reached thesummitat 10:30 that morning.A. top of the mountainB. bottom of that morningC. starting pointD. site12. The latestcensusis encouraging.A. countB. statementC. agreementD. estimate13. Academic records from other institutions often become part of a universitys official file and can neither be returned to a student norduplicated.A. borrowedB. purchasedC. copiedD. rewritten14. While serving in the Senate in the early 1970s, Barbara Jordan supported legislation tobandiscrimination and to deal with environment problems.A. listB. forbidC. handleD. investigate15. Gambling islawfulin Nevada.A. legalB. irresistibleC. enjoyableD. profitable第2部分：阅读判断(第1622题，每题1分，共7分)下面的短文后列了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。A Dogs DilemmaFinding a babysitter while you go out to work is, for example, an inconvenience. For the African wild dog, one of the continents most endangered carnivores, its a matter of life and death. New research shows that once packs fall below a certain size, there are not enough animals to both hunt food and stay at home protecting the young.The African wild dog has declined drastically over the past century. Habitual loss, persecution and unexplained outbreaks of disease have all been blamed. Only 3, 000 to 5, 000 animals remain, and the species is expected to go extinct within decades if the trend continues.Other large carnivores such as the spotted hyena face similar pressures, yet are not declining. Now Franck Courchamp of Cambridge University has found a reason why. The dogs weakness lies in its social organisation.Within each pack of up to 20 adults and pups, only the dominant male and female breed. The remaining animals help raise the pups, cooperating to hunt prey and defend the kill from other carnivores.Because pups cant keep up on a hunt, large packs leave an adult behind to protect them from predators, which include lions and hyenas. But leaving a babysitter also carries costs. A smaller hunting party is less able to tackle large prey and to defend the kill. There is also one less stomach in which to carry food hack to the den, and one more mouth to feed when they get there.Courchamp investigated this awkward trade-off by modelling how the costs of a babysitter change with decreasing pack size. This showed that packs of more than five adults should be able to feed all the pups and still spare a babysitter. But with smaller packs, either the hunting or the babysitting suffers, or the animals have to compensate by increasing the number of hunting excursions- which itself carries a cost to the pack.Field observations in Zimbabwe supported the model. Packs of five animals or fewer left pups unguarded more frequently than larger packs did. There was also evidence that when they did leave a babysitter, they were forced to hunt more often.A pack which drops below a critical size becomes caught in a vicious circle, says Courchamp, who is now at Paris-Sud University. Poor reproduction and low survival further reduces pack size, culminating in failure of the whole pack. And deaths caused by human activity, says Courchamp, may be what reduces pack numbers to below the sustainable threshold. Mammal ecologist Chris Carbone at Londons Institute of Zoology agrees. Maintaining the integrity of wild dog packs will be vital in pre serving the species, he says.16. The African wild dog has been endangered.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned17. The spotted hyena is on the verge of extinction.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned18. The remaining lions will die out within decades.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned19. The dominant female is always left behind to protect the young.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned20. There is a tension between babysitting and hunting.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned21. The size of a pack must be big enough for it to survive.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned22. Steps will be taken to protect the African wild dog.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第2330题，每题1分，共8分)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第2326题要求从所给的6个选项中为第25段每段选择1个正确的小标题;(2)第2730题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上.Keeping Cut Flowers1 While everybody enjoys fresh cut flowers around their house, few people know how to keep them for as long as possible. This may be done by keeping in mind a few simple facts.2 An important thing to remember about cut flowers is that they are sensitive to temperature. For example, studies have shown that cut carnations(康乃馨)retain their freshness eight times longer when kept at 12 than when kept at 26. Keeping freshly harvested flowers at the right temperatures is probably the most important aspect of flower care.3 Flowers are not intended by nature to live very long. Their biological purpose is simply to attract birds or insects, such as bees, for pollination(授粉). After that, they quickly dry up and die. The process by which flowers consume oxygen and produce carbon dioxide(二氧化碳), called respiration(呼吸), generates the energy the flower needs to give the flower its shape and color. The making of seeds also depends on this energy. While all living things respire, flowers have a high level of respiration. A result of all this respiration is heat, and for flowers the level of heat relative to the mass of the flower is very high. Respiration also brings about the eventual death of the flower. Thus the greater the level of respiration, the sooner the flower dies.4 How, then, to control the rate at which flowers die? By controlling respiration. How is respiration controlled? By controlling temperature. We know that respiration produces heat, but the reverse is also true. Thus by maintaining low temperatures, respiration is reduced and the cut flower will age more slowly.5 Another vital factor in keeping cut flowers is the quality of the water in which they are placed. Flowers find it difficult to drink water that is dirty or otherwise polluted. Even when water looks and smells clean, it almost certainly contains harmful substances that can endanger the flowers. To rid the water of these unwanted substances, household chlorine bleach(含氯漂白剂)can be used in small quantities. It is recommended that 15 drops of chlorine bleach(at 4% solution)be added to each liter of water. The water and solution should also be replaced each day.23 Paragraph 2_.24 Paragraph 3_.25 Paragraph 4_.26 Paragraph 5_.A Control of RespirationB Beauty of Fresh Cut FlowersC Role of RespirationD Most Important Aspect of Flower CareE Need for Clean WaterF Ways of Stopping Respiration27 A few simple facts will help you keep cut flowers_.28 Respiration plays a key role_29 The aging of cut flowers can be slowed down_.30 Another important way to prolong the life of cut flowers is_.A by keeping its original shape and colorB in the life of cut flowersC to produce carbon dioxideD for as long as possibleE by controlling temperatureF to replace the water and solution every day第4部分：阅读理解(第3145题，每题3分，共45分)下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面都有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。My Fast JobI was six when I joined my father and two elder brothers at sunrise in the hayfields of Eufaula, Oklahoma. By the time I was eight I was helping Dad fix up low-income rental properties. He gave me a penny for every nail I pulled out of old boards.I got my first real job, at JMs Restaurant in town, when I was 12. My main responsibilities were clearing tables and washing dishes, but sometimes I helped cook.Every day after school I would head to JMs and work until ten. Saturdays I worked from two until eleven. At that age it was unlucky going to work and watching my friends run off to swim or play. I didnt necessarily like work, but I loved what working allowed me to have. Because of my job I was always the one buying when my friends and I went to the local bar Tastee Freez. This made me proud.Word that I was honest and hardworking got around town. A local clothing store extended credit to me although I was only in the seventh grade. I immediately charged a $ 68 sports coat and a $ 22 pair of trousers. I was making only 65 cents an hour, and I was already $ 90 in debt! So I learned early the danger of easy credit. I paid it off as soon as I could.My first job taught me discipline, responsibility and brought me a level of personal satisfaction few of my friends had experienced. As my father, who worked three jobs, once told me, If you understand sacrifice and commitment, there are not many things in life you cant have. How right he was!31 When the author was a child, he was made to help his father work because_A the restaurant was short of hands.B his family belonged to the low-income group.C he wanted to earn some money.D he was stronger than his two brothers.32 At the age of 12, the author got a job at a restaurant and often worked till late at night because_A he liked that work.B he didnt like playing.C he was hard-working.D he felt rewarded by doing that work.33 The word Word in the sentence Word that I was honest and-hard-working got around town in the fourth paragraph means_A statement.B advice.C news.D promise.34 When the author was in the seventh grade, he was in debt because_A he did not work any more.B he bought clothes on credit.C he was charged too much for the sports coat.D he made little money at that time.35 What does the author want to tell the reader by this text?A If you know sacrifice and responsibility, you can have many things in life.B Children from poor families usually have a very unhappy childhood.C Children should be made to work and earn some money by themselves.D You will learn discipline and responsibility by working early in life.Fords Assembly LineWhen it comes to singling out those who have made a difference in all our lives, you cannot overlook Henry Ford. A historian a century from now might well conclude that it was Ford who most influenced all manufacturing, everywhere, even to this day, by introducing a new way to make cars one, strange to say, that originated in slaughterhouses (屠宰场).Back in the early 1900s, slaughterhouses used what could have been called a disassembly line. Ford reversed this process to see if it would speed up production of a part of an automobile engine called a magneto. Rather than have each worker completely assemble a magneto, one of its elements was placed on a conveyer, and each worker, as it passed, added another component to it, the same one each time. Professor David Hounshell of the University of Delaware, an expert on industrial development, tells what happened.The previous day, workers carrying out the entire process had averaged one assembly every 20 minutes. But on that day, on the line, the assemble team averaged one every 13minutes and 10 seconds per person. Within a year, the time had been reduced to five minutes. In 1913, Ford went all the way. Hooked together by ropes, partially assembled vehicles were towed (拖,拉) past workers who completed them one piece at a time. It hasnt long before Ford was turning out several hundred thousand cars a year, a remarkable achievement then. And so efficient and economical was this new system that he cut the price of his cars in half, to $ 260, putting them within reach of all those who, up until that time, could not afford them. Soon, auto makers and the world all copied him.In fact, heencouraged them to do so by writing a book about all of his innovations, entitled Today and Tomorrow. The Age of the Automobile has arrived. Today, aided by robots and other forms of automation (自动化), everything from toasters to perfumes is made on assembly lines.Which of the following statements about Henry Ford is NOT true_?A.He introduced a new way of production.B.He influenced all manufacturing.C.He inspired other auto makers.D.He changed a historians mind.37、The writer mentions slaughterhouses because they were the places where _A.Fords assembly line originatedB.Ford made his first carC.Ford readjusted the assembly lineD.Ford innovated the disassembly line38、A magneto is a technical term for_A.an automobileB.a production lineC.a part of an automobile engineD.a disassembly line39、the phrase turning out in the last paragraph could be best replaced by_A.producingB.sellingC.buyingD.fixing40、The invention of the assembly line enabled Henry Ford_A.to create more jobs for the unemployedB.to write a book on historyC.to reduce the price of his cars to $260D.to cut the production of his cars by 50%第三篇PlayPlay is the principal business of childhood, and in recent years research has shown the great importance of play in the development of a human being. From earliest infancy, every child needs opportunity and the right materials for play, and the main tools of play are toys, Their main function is to suggest, encourage and assist play. To succeed in this they must be good toys, which children will play with often, and will come back to again and again. Therefore it is important to choose suitable toys for different stages of a childs development.In recent years research on infant development has shown that the standard a child is likely to reach, within the range of his inherited abilities. is largely determined in the first three years of his life. So a babys ability to profit from the right play materials should not be underestimated. A baby who is encouraged and stimulated, talked to and shown things and played with, has the best chance of growing up successfully.In the next stage, from three to five years old, curiosity knows no bounds. Every type of suitable toy should be made available to the child, for trying out, experimenting and learning, for discovering his own particular ability. Bricks and jigsaws (七巧板) and construction toys; painting, scribbling (涂鸦) and making things; sand and water play; toys for imaginative and pretending play; the first social games for learning to play and get on with others.But the third stage of playdevelopment - from five to seven or eight years - the child is at school. But for a few more years play is still the best way of learning, at home or at school. It is easier to see which type of toys the child most enjoys.Until the age of seven or eight, play and work mean much the same to a child. But once reading has been mastered, then books and school become the main source of learning. Toys are still interesting and valuable, they lead on to new hobbies, but their significance has changed-to a child of nice or ten years, toys and games mean, as to adults, relaxation and fun.The passage tells us that as a child grows up, _A.he should be allowed to choose his own toysB.he should be given identical toysC.he should be given different toysD.he should be given fewer and fewer toys42、 According to the passage, the abilities a child has inherited from his parents _A.determine his characterB.will not change after the age of threeC.partly determine the standard he is likely to reachD.to a large extent determine the choice of toys43、Who have the best chance of growing up successfully_?A.Those who tend to overeat.B.Those who are given a lot of toys.C.Those who are given toys, talked to and played with.D.Those who can share their toys with their playmates.44、 We learn from the passage that a child has boundless curiosity _A.when he is twoB.when he is around fourC.when he is sixD.when he is eight45、 The passage is mainly abou