protection of traditional knowledge - wipo - world intellectual 传统知识的知识产权保护wipo世界

WIPO Roundtable on IP &Traditional Knowledge,Geneva, November 1-2, 1999,Protection of Traditional Knowledge: A Global IP Issue,Presenter: Richard Owens, DirectorGlobal Intellectual Property Issues Division,Overview of the GIPID Program: 1998-2001,IPRs for New Beneficiaries: the Protection of Traditional Knowledge, Innovations & CreativityBiodiversity & BiotechnologyProtection of Expressions of FolkloreIntellectual Property & Development,Traditional Knowledge and Intellectual Property,What is Traditional Knowledge (TK) ?,Customary Protection of TK,Problems Confronting TK Holders,Why is Protection of TK Important ?,Intellectual Property and TK - WIPOs Response,What is Traditional Knowledge?,Collective responsibility & ownership,Transmitted orally across generations,Medicinal, Agricultural& Ecological Knowledge,Music & Dance,Stories & Poetry,Spiritual Expression,Artesanat (Handicrafts),Constantly evolving,TK: A Multi-Faceted Concept,Tradition-basedCreations,Spiritual & Religious Beliefs,Aesthetics (Art,Entertainment),Educationhistory, traditions, ethics,Cultural Identity,Practical Knowledge,Oral Tradition,Emphasis on Community,Protecting TK: What are the Benefits,Increases opportunities for socio-economic development,Provides rights for TK holders,Preserves knowledge base of communities,Creates added value for humankind,Provides opportunities for sharing benefits of TK,Enables participation in global markets,Customary Protection of TK,Monitored & enforced by elders, spiritual and religious leaders,Informal regimes govern the use & transmission of TK at community level through rules, rights & obligations,Customary law results from repeated practices,IP Protection of TK,Traditional Knowledge is contemporary: a continuing response by individuals and communities to challenges posed by their environment,Documentation & preservation of TK,Promote & disseminate creativity & innovation,IP Protection,The Challenge .,IP mechanisms do not cover non- systematic, undocumented knowledge,Customary law is not applicable outside the community,Problems Confronting TK Holders,Rejection of tradition by new generation and encroachment of modern lifestyles,“Modern” science may deem traditional knowledge inferior,Dilution of traditional knowledge and practices through acculturation and diffusion,Commercial exploitation by “others”, e.g. bioprospecting, use of indigenous designs,. in search of a model,Need to find common ground,IP system,TraditionalKnowledge,A global assessment of needs & expectations of TK holders,WIPOs Response,Roundtable on IP & indigenous peoples (1998)9 FFMs on TK, innovations & creativityPanel discussion on IP & human rights (1998)4 regional consultations on protection of folkloreRoundtable on IP and TK (1999)Participation in international processes: CBD, FAO, UNESCO, etc.Cooperation with IGOs & NGOsIntegration into WIPOs development for cooperation activities,WIPO Fact-Finding Missions,North America,South America,Central America,Caribbean Countries,South Asia,South Pacific,Arab Countries,West Africa,Southern & Eastern Africa,9 Fact Finding Missions, TO EXPLORE/IDENTIFY IP NEEDS/EXPECTATIONS OF TK HOLDERS, TO STUDY CURRENT APPROACHES & FUTURE POSSIBILITIES FOR PROTECTION OF TK,FINDINGS REPATRIATED TO TK HOLDERS,WIPO FFM Findings,Common to all countries,Regional Consultations: Protection of Expressions of Folklore,Recommendations: expansion of WIPO workplan (natl, regional & intl activities):,A) Legal/Technical assistanceB) Training in folklore documentationC) Financial support for natl & regional institutionsD) Work toward effective international regime to protect expressions of folklore,Africa: March 99,Asia-Pacific:April 99,LAC:June 99,Arab Region:May 99,Expanding relevance of the IP System to TK Holders,Global Information Society,Formal,Informal,Increasing cultural &economic value of TK,Growing relevance of IPRs, future work,ISSUES/NEEDS IDENTIFICATION,ADDRESSING CONCEPTUAL PROBLEMS;TESTING PRACTICAL SOLUTIONS,2000-2001 PROGRAM:a) case studies on use of IP system to protect TKb) study on customary law governing TK in relation to formal IP systemsc) information exchange on IP implications of TK documentationd) increased training and awareness-raising worldwide for