public speaking an audience-centered approach – 7th edition公共演讲的观众为中心的方法–第七版

Copyright Allyn & Bacon 2009,Public Speaking:An Audience-Centered Approach 7th edition,Chapter 2TheAudience-CenteredSpeechmakingProcess This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: any public performances or display, including transmission of any image over a network; preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images; any rental, lease, or lending of the program.Steven A. Beebe & Susan J. Beebe,Copyright Allyn & Bacon 2009,“If all my talents andpowers were to betaken away from meby some inscrutableprovidence, and I hadmy choice of keepingbut one, I wouldunhesitatingly ask to be allowed to keepthe power ofspeaking, forthrough it, I wouldrecover all the rest.” - Daniel Webster,Copyright Allyn & Bacon 2009,An Audience-Centered Speechmaking Model,Always think ofyour audience Shows sensitivity totheir needs. Think if they understandyour words.,Copyright Allyn & Bacon 2009,Consider YourAudience Gather & analyzeinformation aboutaudience. Consider culturally diverse backgrounds of audience. Adapt speech to particular audience.,Copyright Allyn & Bacon 2009,Select & NarrowYour Topic Who will be hearingyour speech? What is the occasion (event)? What are your interests, talents & experiences?,Copyright Allyn & Bacon 2009,Determine Your PurposeGeneral Purpose:overarching goal of your speech,Copyright Allyn & Bacon 2009,Types of General Purposes Inform: teach, define or clarify. Persuade: change or strengthenthoughts or behaviors. Entertain:amuse with stories, illustrationsand humor.,Copyright Allyn & Bacon 2009,Specific Purpose Exact response youwant from audience. Concise statementindicating what you wantaudience to do, think, feelor remember.,Copyright Allyn & Bacon 2009,Develop Your Central Idea Overview of speech. One-sentence summaryof speech.,Copyright Allyn & Bacon 2009,An example: Topic: The South Beach Diet. General Purpose: To inform. Specific Purpose: At the end of my speech, the audience will be able to identify the three key elements in the South Beach diet. Central Idea: The South Beach diet is based upon reducing the amount of carbohydrates you eat, drinking more water, and increasing the amount of exercise.,Copyright Allyn & Bacon 2009,Generate Main Ideas Identify how speechwill logically divide. How central idealogically divides will determine main ideas. Reasons why central idea is true can be main ideas. Series of steps to illustrate central idea can be main ideas.,Copyright Allyn & Bacon 2009,Gather Supporting Material Material that“backs up” ideas. Can be personal & concrete. Should appeal to listeners. Research your supporting material. Can be verbal, visual, or both.,Copyright Allyn & Bacon 2009,Organize Your Speech Start with body. Arrange ideas to make most sense. Prepare introduction &conclusion AFTER body. Follow effective outlining techniques.,Copyright Allyn & Bacon 2009,Rehearse Your Speech Prepare early. Practice out loud. Observe yourbehaviors. Make adjustments. Rehearse in front of o