牛津·模块2 Unit 3 Grammar and usage 过去完成时态 学案正式版.doc

译林牛津英语模块六Unit 3 Amazing peoplePast perfect tense（过去完成时态）过去完成时态是由“had (not) +过去分词”构成。过去完成时态的基本用法：1、过去完成时态表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束，即发生在“过去的过去”。这个过去的时刻常和by, before, when, until等引导的时间状语连用，也可以通过上下文语境来表示。By the 1990s the number of Tibetan antelopes had fallen to about 50,000.截止到20世纪90年代，藏羚羊的数量下降到了大约5万只。Johnson went to the box office at lunch time, but all the tickets had sold out. 约翰逊在午饭时去售票处，但是票已售完。【警示误区1】过去完成时态不能孤立地用于一个句子中，只有和过去某个时间或某个动作相比较才能用到该时态。Did Alan enjoy seeing his old friends yesterday? 昨天艾伦和老朋友玩得高兴吗？Yes, he did. He hadnt seen his old friends for a long time. 是的，很高兴。他已经好久没有见到他的老朋友了。2、过去完成时态还可以表示过去某一时间的动作或状态持续到过去另一时间，还可能持续下去，这时常与for, since, before, after, by then, by that time, by the end of, by the time+过去时态的句子等引导的时间状语(从句)连用。It rained at last the day before yesterday after it had been dry for several months. 在干旱了几个月之后，前天终于下雨了。Einstein had taught himself advanced mathematics by the time he was 14. 到14岁时，爱因斯坦已经自学了高等数学。3、表示愿望、打算的动词（如attempt, expect, hope, plan, wish, mean, intend, think, suppose, wish等）的过去完成时态表示过去未能实现的愿望、计划或打算。I had intended to come to the party, but I was busy. 我原本打算来参加晚会的，可是我太忙了。Like every school boy I had thought that going into space as an astronaut must be the best job in the world.像所有的男生一样，我原以为成为宇航员进入太空肯定是世界上最棒的工作。4、在hardly/scarcely/barelywhen, no sooner than句式中，主句常用过去完成时态，表示“一就”。当hardly, scarcely, no sooner等位于句首时，主句常用部分倒装。I had hardly answered the teacher when he interrupted me. 我还没来得及回答老师的问题，他就打断了我的话。Hardly had our monitor gained a qualification for an Olympic torch carrier when the reporters came to interview him. 我们班长刚获得奥运火炬选手的资格，媒体记者就来采访他了。No sooner had we left the dormitory the next morning than we forgot our map in the room. 第二天早晨我们刚离开宿舍，这时想起把地图忘在房间里了。5、在 “This/It was the first (second, third) time that .”的句型中，that从句要用过去完成时态。It was the second time that she had been in Nanking. 这是她第二次来南京。This was the first time that I had gone abroad. 这时我第一次出国。【警示误区2】在含有由before, after等连词引导的时间状语从句的复合句中，由于连词本身可以明确表示动作发生的先后顺序，因此，主语和从句都可以用一般过去时态，而不用过去完成时态。She and her family hid away for nearly twenty-five months before they were discovered. 她和她的家人躲藏了大约25个月之后才被发现。He went home after he finished his work. 他完成工作后就回家了。【警示误区3】在含有由when, as soon as等连词引导的时间状语从句的复合句中，从句谓语动词的动作发生后，主句谓语动词的动作紧接着发生，这时主句、从句的谓语动词均可用一般过去时态。When he heard these words, Jim panicked and ran to the raft. 听到这些话后，吉姆恐惧万分，向木筏跑去。He jumped out of bed as soon as he was called. 一听到有人叫他，他立即跳下床来。【巩固训练】1. After Jack had sent some e-mails, he _ working on his project. A. had started B. has started C. started D. starts 2. Peter had intended to take a job in business, but _that plan after the unpleasant Experiencein Canada in 2010.A. had abandoned B. abandonedC. abandonD. will abandon3. The manager is said to have arrived back from Paris where he_ some European partners. （2012江苏卷）A. would meet B. is meetingC. meetsD. had met4. When Alice came to, she did not know how long she _ there.A.had been lying B.has been lying C.was lying D.has lain5. Experiments of this kind _ in both the U.S. and Europe well before the Second World War.A. have conducted B. have been conductedC. had conducted D. had been conducted6. She was surprised to find the fridge empty; the child _ everything!A. had been eating B. had eaten C. have eaten D. have been eating7. How was the weather then?Hardly _ off the plane when it started to rain.A.I had steppedB. had I stepped C.I steppedD.did I step8. Last month, the Japanese government expressed their thanks for the aid they _ from China.A.receive B.are receiving C.have received D.had received9. What a mistake!Yes. Ihis doing it another way, but without success.A.was suggesting B.will suggest C.would suggestD.had suggested10. By the time Jack returned home from England, his son from college.A. graduated B. has graduated C. had been graduating D. had graduated11. We arrived at work in the morning and found that somebodyinto the office during the night.A.broke B. had broken C.has broken D.was breaking12. Were you surprised by the ending of the film?No, I _the book, so I already knew the story. A. was reading B. had read C. am reading D. have read13. The young man, who by then _ admission to university, decided to do some part - time jobs to get more practical experience. A. gained B. was gaining C. had gained D. has gained14. Last week I took part in the Civil Service Admission Examination, for which I _ for nearly three months. A. had prepared B. would prepareC. was preparing D. have been preparing15. Did you have difficulty finding Anns house? Not really. She _ us clear directions and we were able to find it easily.（2015北京卷） A. was to giveB. had givenC. was givingD. would give 16. Silk _ one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC.（2016浙江） A. had becomeB. was becomingC. has becomeD. is becoming 17. When walking down the street, I came across David, whom I _ for years.（2016天津卷） A. didnt seeB. havent seen C. hadnt seenD. wouldnt see 18. No sooner _ stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause.（2014陕西卷） A. had Mo YanB. Mo Yan hadC. has Mo YanD. Mo Yan has 【参考答案和解析】1、答案C。解析：根据前半句的谓语动词用了过去完成时，可知后半句用一般过去时，这样才能符合“过去的过去”这一条件，因此选C项。句意为：杰克发了几份电子邮件之后，他才开始研究他的项目。2、答案B。解析：but引导并列句，故前后时态一致。与had intended相呼应，可知空格处应在表示过去时的范围内选择，由此排除C、D选项；且abandon动作发生在动词intend的动作之后，故排除A选项（过去的过去）。由此可知答案B项符合文意。3、答案D。解析：根据句中“is said to have arrived”可知，arrive这个动作是在过去发生的，而空格处表示的动作是在arrive的动作之前发生的，所以用过去完成时态，故选D项。4、答案A。解析：came to苏醒过来是过去时态，苏醒前的情况是过去的过去，强调过去的过去里发生的事，故选A。过去完成进行时主要表示持续到过去某时之前的动作。句意为“当Alice苏醒过来时，她不知道她在那儿躺了多久了。”5、答案D。解析：主语experiment与conduct构成动宾关系，谓语使用被动形式。题干中出现the second war是过去的时间点，before the second war是过去的过去，因此使用过去完成时，所以选D项。句意为“就在二战爆发前，美国和欧洲都进行过这种实验。”6、答案B。解析：本题考查时态辨析。第一句用了过去时态，孩子们吃光东西应该发生在第一句动作之前，即过去的过去，所以空格处要用过去完成时态，故选B项。7、答案B。解析：本题考查句型hardly had when的基本用法。注意动词要用过去完成时态。因此选B项。8、答案D。解析：动词expressed是过去时态，接受中国的援助发生在expressed之前，是过去的过去，故用过去完成时，因此选D项。9、答案D。解析：他犯错误发生在过去，我提建议发生在他犯错误之前，是过去的过去，故用过去完成时态。这里不是再现当时提建议的情景，故不用was suggesting，因此选D项。句意为“多么严重的错误呀！是的，我曾经建议他换个方法做，但他没听。”10、答案D。解析：by the time到时候为止，一般与完成时连用，因此选D项。句意为“当杰克从英国返回家时，他的儿子已经大学毕业了。”11、答案B。解析：注意两个时间点，“有人闯进了办公室”发生在“我们到达”之前，是过去的过去，因此用过去完成时态，选B项。句意为“我们在早晨到达工作地点时，发现有人在前一天晚上闯进了我们的办公室。”12、答案B。解析：read动作发生在knew之前，因此空格处用过去完成时态。句意为 “我已经看过书了, 已知道这个故事”。13、答案。解析：“收到通知（had gained）”发生在“决定（decided）”之前，所以用过去完成时态，故选C项。句意为：这个年轻人那时已经被大学录取，但是他决定去打零工来获得更多的时间经验。14、答案A。解析：prepare动作发生在took part in之前，要用过去完成时态，因此选A项。句意为：我上周参加了公务员考试，（在这之前）我为之准备了3个月。15、答案B。解析：动词give的动作发生在 “were able to find”之前，符合过去完成时态表示“过去的过去”的用法。故选B项。16、答