常用齿轮钢材的调质热处理工艺.doc

常用齿轮钢材的调质热处理工艺钢号淬火温度()硬度要求(HR)有无回火脆性回火温度()18022022026026030035850870水淬550570540560-无40840860水淬560580550570-无45830850水淬570590560580-无50820840水淬600620570590510530无55810830水淬-590610530550无40Cr840860水淬-590610560580有50Cr830850油淬-580600550570有55Cr820840油淬-590610560580有35CrMo850870油淬-580600540560无35SiMn860880油淬-580600540560无34CrMoA850870油淬-610630570590无42CrMo840860油淬-590610550570无42SiMn840860油淬-590610550570有40CrSi850870油淬-670690620640有40CrNi850870油淬-590610560580有38CrMnMo850870油淬-670690650670有38CrSiMnMo850870油淬-680700660680有35Cr2MnMo860880油淬-620640600620有37SiMn2MoV860880油淬-670690650670稍有常用大型锻件用钢的正火、高温回火温度3钢号正火(退火)温度高温回火温度单独生产配炉单独去氢考虑性能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(退火)5CrMnMo8408608308606206605CrNiMo8408608308606206605CrNiW8408608308606206605CrSiMnMoV8708906406602Cr1310001050GCr15790810(退火)GCr15SiMn790810(退火)Cr5Mo1000105010001050730750热装炉过冷、正火、高温回火组别钢号截面(mm)保温(h)冷却保温(h)加热(/h)保温(h)升温(/h)保温(h)冷却(/h)保温(h)升温(/h)保温(h)冷却(/h)冷却(/h)出炉温度()24CrMoV25CrMoV40CrNiMoA34CrNilMo35CrNiW37SiMnMoV30CrNiMolV3002炉冷2-功率23空冷至3003504功率25炉冷炉冷25024CrMoV25CrMoV40CrNiMoA34CrNilMo35CrNiW37SiMnMoV30CrNiMolV30150034炉冷4680310035空冷至300350610803040402020024CrMoV25CrMoV40CrNiMoA34CrNilMo35CrNiW37SiMnMoV30CrNiMolV50170045炉冷697048057空冷至3003501016605070301515024CrMoV25CrMoV40CrNiMoA34CrNilMo35CrNiW37SiMnMoV30CrNiMolV701100056炉冷91260570710空冷至3003501625508011020101205CrMnMo5CrNiMo5CrNiW5CrMnSiMoV5SiMnMoV60CrMnMo60SiMnMo3002炉冷2-功率23空冷至3003504功率27炉冷炉冷2505CrMnMo5CrNiMo5CrNiW5CrMnSiMoV5SiMnMoV60CrMnMo60SiMnMo30150034炉冷4680310035空冷至30035061080274540202505CrMnMo5CrNiMo5CrNiW5CrMnSiMoV5SiMnMoV60CrMnMo60SiMnMo50170045炉冷697048057空冷至300350101660456330152005CrMnMo5CrNiMo5CrNiW5CrMnSiMoV5SiMnMoV60CrMnMo60SiMnMo701100056炉冷91260570710空冷至3003501625506390201015034CrNi2Mo34CrNi3Mo18CrMnMoB20CrNi420CrMnMo18CrNiW3002炉冷2-功率23空冷至3003504功率35炉冷炉冷20034CrNi2Mo34CrNi3Mo18CrMnMoB20CrNi420CrMnMo18CrNiW30150034炉冷4680310035空冷至300350610804060402015034CrNi2Mo34CrNi3Mo18CrMnMoB20CrNi420CrMnMo18CrNiW50170045炉冷697048057空冷至30035010166065100301512034CrNi2Mo34CrNi3Mo18CrMnMoB20CrNi420CrMnMo18CrNiW701100056炉冷91260570710空冷至3003501625502010100工具钢锭制件锻后热处理钢号装炉()升温(/h)保温(h)冷却保温(h)冷却升温(/h)保温(h)冷却(/h)冷却(/h)出炉温度()T7, T8, T10, T12500600按功率7507701.53.5炉冷66068024炉冷按功率按56h/100mm计算30152005CrW2Si6CrW2Si500600按功率7908101.53.5炉冷70072035炉冷按功率按810h/100mm计算3015200GCr15, GCr15SiMn500600按功率7707901.53.5炉冷68070035炉冷按功率按1015h/100mm计算30152003Cr2W8V500600按功率9009101.53.5炉冷73075035炉冷按功率按1015h/100mm计算3015200热装炉正火、高温回火(组钢过冷400500,、组钢350400)组别钢号截面(mm)保温(h)升温(/h)保温(h)冷却保温(h)升温(/h)保温(h)冷却(/h)冷却(/h)出炉温度()15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 40Mn, 50Mn2501按功率12空冷至3504002按功率812空空15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 40Mn, 50Mn2505002按功率24空冷至3504005按功率1220空空15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 40Mn, 50Mn5018003按功率57空冷至35040010按功率2032503035015, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 40Mn, 50Mn80110004按功率810空冷至35040015按功率3240503030015, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 40Mn, 50Mn100113005按功率1114空冷至35040020按功率4060402025015CrMo, 20CrMo, 20MnSi, 20MnMo, 12CrMo, 18MnMoNb, 20Cr, 18MnMoNb, 20Cr, 18CrMnTi, 35CrMo, 30Mn2, 18CrMnMo, 40Mn2, 40Cr, 42CrMo, 42MnMoV, 35SiMn, 1Cr13, 2Cr13, 3Cr13, 38SiMnMo, 30CrMnSi, Cr5Mo, 35SiMnMo2502按功率12空冷至3504002按功率101560-40015CrMo, 20CrMo, 20MnSi, 20MnMo, 12CrMo, 18MnMoNb, 20Cr, 18MnMoNb, 20Cr, 18CrMnTi, 35CrMo, 30Mn2, 18CrMnMo, 40Mn2, 40Cr, 42CrMo, 42MnMoV, 35SiMn, 1Cr13, 2Cr13, 3Cr13, 38SiMnMo, 30CrMnSi, Cr5Mo, 35SiMnMo25150035按功率24空冷至3504005按功率1530503035015CrMo, 20CrMo, 20MnSi, 20MnMo, 12CrMo, 18MnMoNb, 20Cr, 18MnMoNb, 20Cr, 18CrMnTi, 35CrMo, 30Mn2, 18CrMnMo, 40Mn2, 40Cr, 42CrMo, 42MnMoV, 35SiMn, 1Cr13, 2Cr13, 3Cr13, 38SiMnMo, 30CrMnSi, Cr5Mo, 35SiMnMo50180057按功率57空冷至35040010按功率3048503030015CrMo, 20CrMo, 20MnSi, 20MnMo, 12CrMo, 18MnMoNb, 20Cr, 18MnMoNb, 20Cr, 18CrMnTi, 35CrMo, 30Mn2, 18CrMnMo, 40Mn2, 40Cr, 42CrMo, 42MnMoV, 35SiMn, 1Cr13, 2Cr13, 3Cr13, 38SiMnMo, 30CrMnSi, Cr5Mo, 35SiMnMo8011000710按功率810空冷至35040015按功率5060402025015CrMo, 20CrMo, 20MnSi, 20MnMo, 12CrMo, 18MnMoNb, 20Cr, 18MnMoNb, 20Cr, 18CrMnTi, 35CrMo, 30Mn2, 18CrMnMo, 40Mn2, 40Cr, 42CrMo, 42MnMoV, 35SiMn, 1Cr13, 2Cr13, 3Cr13, 38SiMnMo, 30CrMnSi, Cr5Mo, 35SiMnMo100113001013按功率1114空冷至35040020按功率7090301520050SiMn, 55Cr, 50Cr, 34CrMolA, 35CrMoVA2502按功率12空冷至3504002按功率1860-40050SiMn, 55Cr, 50Cr, 34CrMolA, 35CrMoVA25150035按功率24空冷至3504005按功率2040503035050SiMn, 55Cr, 50Cr, 34CrMolA, 35CrMoVA50180057按功率57空冷至35040010按功率4064503030050SiMn, 55Cr, 50Cr, 34CrMolA, 35CrMoVA8011000710按功率810空冷至35040015按功率6480402025050SiMn, 55Cr, 50Cr, 34CrMolA, 35CrMoVA100113001013按功率1114空冷至35040020按功率801053015200曲轴感应加热淬火常见缺陷及防止方法缺陷形式形成原因防止方法淬硬层分布不均 1)轴颈与感应器不同心2)感应器内电流分布不均3)油孔影响 1)保证轴颈与感应器同心度偏差不超过1mm2)在感应器上合理配置导磁体3)油孔中打入钢(或铜)销子 油孔处的放射裂纹 1)油孔处加热不均或局部过热2)油孔周围冷却不均或过于激烈引起裂纹的发展 1)油孔中打入钢(或铜)销子2)合理配置导磁体3)适当提前冷却4)改用半圈感应器加热和浸水冷却5)改用其它冷却介质 C型裂纹和淬硬层剥落 1)锻造折叠2)淬硬层过深或浅偏差大3)油孔内壁的淬火裂纹的发展4)自回火温度低5)磨削工艺不当6)材料淬透性过高 1)改进锻造工艺2)油孔中打入钢或铜销子3)油道壁过薄,应改进设计4)保证回火温度5)用半圈感应器加热和浸水冷却6)改进磨削工艺7)检查材料中合金成分和淬透性 淬火过渡区域的裂纹 1)淬火应力集中2)磨削工艺不当 1)保证感应器和轴颈的合理间隙2)改善磨削工艺 淬硬表面的网状裂纹 1)淬硬表面过热和激烈冷却2)淬硬层太深或自回火温度低3)磨削切削用量过大 1)适当减少加热时间或比功率2)保证感应器轴颈间的合适间距3)降低冷却承压,拉高水温,保证自回火温度4)改善磨削工艺 硬度不够和软点 1)材料含碳量低或有严重带状组织2)淬火温度低3)冷却水温度或水压低4)感应器喷水孔部分堵塞 1)确保材料化学成分和组织合格2)适当增加加热时间3)适当提高冷却水压和降低水温4)清理感应器喷水孔 钢的退火工艺分类及应用类 别主 要 目 的工 艺 特 点应 用 范 围扩散退火成分均匀化加热至Ac3+150 200，长时间保温后缓慢冷却铸钢件具有成分偏析的锻轧件等完全退火细化组织，降低硬度加热至Ac3+30 50，保温后缓慢冷却铸、焊件及中碳钢和中碳合金钢锻轧件等不完全退火细化组织，降低硬度加热至Ac1+40 60，保温后缓慢冷却中、合金钢和某些高合金钢(组织化程度低于完全退火)等温退火细化组织，降低硬度加热至Ac3+30 50，（亚共析钢）或Ac1+2040，（亚共析钢和过共析钢），保持一定时间，随炉冷至稍低于Ar1进行等温转变，然后空气冷却(简称空冷)中碳合金钢和某些高合金钢(组织与硬度比完全退火更为均匀)球化退火碳化物球状化，降低硬度，提高塑性加热至Ac1+2040或Acom-2030，保温后等温冷却或直接缓慢冷却工模具及轴承钢件，结构钢冷挤压件等再结晶退火或中间退火消除加工硬化加热至Ac1-50150或，保温后冷却冷变形钢材和钢件去应力退火消除内应力加热至Ac1-100200，保温后空冷或炉冷至200300，再出炉空冷铸钢件，焊接件及锻轧件加热速度及保温时间退火工件一般是随炉加热，加热速度不会太高。为防止及热过程中开裂，高合金大件退火时，在700 以下加热速度应为3070/h ，温度超过750后增大为80100/h 。正或工件厂采用热炉装料，大型工件应注意控制装料时的炉温。 保温时间决定于钢的化学成分、炉温、装炉方式及装炉量，一般可按1.52.5min/mm(厚度或直径)估算 。钢件完全退火工艺规范钢 种截面尺寸(mm)装 炉650700700退火温度冷却速度（/h）出炉温度（）温 度（）保温时间（h）升温速度（/h）保温时间（h）升温速度（/h）保温时间（h）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