粉末涂料术语.docx

粉末涂料术语及Qualicoat认证Abrasive 研磨剂A course material used in blast cleaning, such as sand, steel shot, glass beads or plastics. 用于喷抛清理一种流动材料，例如砂子、钢丸、玻璃珠或塑胶制品。Absorption 吸收Process of soaking up or assimilation of one substance by another. 一种介质向另一种介质渗透和同化的过程。AC (Current)交流电Current Alternating electrical current. 电流交互变得的电流。Accelerator 促进剂Material that accelerates the curing or crosslinking, a mixture of crosslinkers or resins. Catalyst. 加速固化或交联的一种材料，可以混合在交联剂或树脂中，起催化作用。Acicular Pigments 针状颜料Pigments whose particles are needle shaped. 粒径形状似针状的一种颜料。Acrylic 丙烯酸型A coating powder with a significant content of a polymer containing short chain esters of various acrylic monomers. 一种粉末涂料类型，该类型中有效的树脂体系为短链的不同丙烯酸单体的酯类聚合物。Acrylic Resin 丙烯酸树脂A clear resin derived from polymerised esters of various acrylic monomers. Acrylics are used for automotive topcoats and in other applications where resistance to chalking with exposure to sunlight is important 一种由不同丙烯酸单体聚合的透明的酯类树脂，丙烯酸树脂同在汽车顶涂或其他的场合在阳光曝晒下具有非常高的耐粉化性能。Additive Chemicals 化学助剂Added to a powder coating to improve some properties, such as flow, gloss and texture control. 添加在粉末涂料中的能够改善如流动性、光泽和纹理控制的一些材料。Adhesion 附着力Bonding strength. Molecular attraction to the substrate surface to which a powder coating is applied. A condition where one material is attached to another by means of surface attraction.Adhesion is affected by the condition of the surface to be coated, by the closeness of contact and molecular forces. The surface being coated should allow a certain amount of penetration, be chemically clean, be hard, not too smooth and non-porous, to achieve good adhesion. 粉末涂层与基材之间的分子引力。也就是一种材料的表面与另一种材料表面之间的吸引，附着力受涂装的表面的影响，如结合的紧密程度和分子间力，被涂的表面允许通过化学处理、硬化处理而形成的大量的渗透存在，从而获得好的附着力。Adsorption 吸附Process of attraction to a surface. 吸引到表面上的过程。Aerosol雾化Dispersing of a liquid into a gas, for spraying, often used for touch-up paints.液体到气体的分散 ，如喷雾。Agglomeration 凝聚A clump of powder particles bound loosely together into clusters containing trapped air. 粉末涂料由松散的形式变成块状的过程。Air Classification 空气分级Device used in powder coating manufacture to aid in particle size management. 粉末涂料生产时读粒度进行处理的一种装置。Air, Compressed 压缩空气Air at any pressure greater than atmospheric pressure. 一种压力比正常气压高好多的空气。Air Hose 空气软管A section of non-metallic tubing used to deliver compressed air for paint or powder application. 为油漆或粉末涂装释放压缩空气的非金属管部分。Air Receivers 空气接收器Tanks into which compressed air is stored from the air compressor. Receivers help eliminate pulsing in the discharge lines and also act as storage capacity during intervals when demand exceeds the capacity of the compressor. 存储压缩空气的罐，能够消除空气系统的脉冲现象并具有储存功能。Air Valve 空气阀Control valve in an air system for setting volume and pressure. 为了保持流量和压力的空气系统的控制阀门。Air Velocity 空气速率Measurement of air speed, typically in feet or meters per minute. 空气速度的测量，典型的单位为每分钟英尺或米。Air Volume 空气流量Measurement of air volume, in cubic feet or meters per minute. 空气体积的测量，单位为每分钟立方英尺或立方米。Alkali 强碱Caustic, inorganic substances that share the characteristic of being strongly basic (high pH)(examples are Sodium Hydroxide or Caustic Soda). 具有腐蚀性的无机的物质，具有非常强的碱性（高PH）（例如氢氧化钠或苛性钠）。Ambient环境条件Surrounding environmental conditions. 周围的环境条件。Amides 氨基化合物Organic compounds. A structure sometimes used in curing agents in Epoxy powder coatings. 有机化合物，一种应用在环氧粉末涂料作为固化剂使用的一种化学结构。Amp (Ampere) 安培A unit of electrical current flow. The current produced by one volt applied across a resistance of one ohm. 电流的单位，在电阻上施加一定的电压，形成电流。Anti Foam agent 防泡剂Material used in pre-treatment systems to reduce the tendency of the chemicals to foam. 在前处理体系中减少化学泡沫的材料。Anti oxidant 抗氧剂An organic compound added to coatings to retard oxidation and deterioration. 添加在涂料中的用以减缓氧化和老化的一种有机化合物。Application 涂装Process of applying a coating to a substrate. 把涂料应用到基材上的过程。Aqueous 含水的A water based material. 材料中的水分。Arcing 电弧A discharge of built up electrical charge, often forming a spark to a point of lower charge or earth. 充电电荷的放电现象，经常在电荷较低的部位或接地处形成火花。ASTM The American Society for Testing Materials 美国试验材料协会Attachment 结合Retaining foreign molecules on the surface of a substance. 一个物体表面保持的外部分子。Atom 原子The smallest unit of an element that still possesses the properties of that element. 决定着元素性能的元素最小的单位。Atomisation 雾化The distribution of powder particles with air to form a fine pattern during the spraying application process. 在喷涂应用过程中，粉末粒子以空气为介质的喷射出的雾团。Atomising Air 雾化空气Air injected into the powder path to atomise it into a pattern.按照粉末路径到喷涂成型（工件）之间喷射的空气。 Back Ionisation 反电离A condition, which may occur during electrostatic application of powder coating where excessive build up of charged powder particles limits further powder to be deposited onto the substrate. A pockmarking pattern usually occurs on the powder surface. 一种情形，出现在静电粉末涂装过程中，沉积在基材上的粉末超出了充电粉末粒子的极限，在粉末的表面会出现一些麻坑现象。Bell 钟罩Electrostatic spray device whose applicator is bell shaped. Centrifugal force throws the powder off its edge into a fine pattern. The charged particles are then attracted to the work surface.静电喷涂装置，呈钟罩型，有效地克服了地心引力而形成精细结构，从而充电的粒子吸附到工件的表面。Binder 捆绑剂The portion of the powder formulation that forms the primary strength of the film. It binds pigments and additives into a solid film and to the substrate.在粉末涂料配方中，构成涂膜的主要成分，它用以连接颜料和助剂，在基材上形成固体涂膜。Blast Cleaning 喷抛清理Removal of surface contamination and corrosion products by use of air and mechanical abrasives (also referred to as sand or shot blasting).使用空气和研磨机移除污染物和腐蚀产物（也称为喷砂或抛丸处理）。Blistering Bubbles鼓泡formed under the cured powder film, usually caused by the expansion of trapped air, moisture or corrosion.在固化的涂膜下面形成，一般由空气、潮气或腐蚀导致。Blooming喷霜现象A hazy appearance on the surface of a coating.涂层表面的一个模糊的外观。Bridging 搭桥能力The ability of a finish to cover cracks, voids or small gaps without a break in the film.在涂膜中避免小的裂纹或断裂，避免爆裂的能力。BTU British Thermal Unit英热单位The amount of heat required raising the temperature of 1 pound of water by 1 0F.每升高1磅水Bulk Density表观密度10F所需要的热量。Mass per unit of volume in powder form, including the air trapped between the particles.每单位体积粉末的质量，包括粒子之间的空气。Caking 结块Agglomerations of powder on fluid bed walls or within the powder delivery system. 粉末在流化床壁上或在粉末输送系统中聚集。Calorie 卡Quantity of heat that will raise the temperature of 1 gram of water from 14.5 to 15.5oC. 提高1克水从15.5到15.5摄氏度所需要的热量。Cartridge Booths 滤芯A type of recovery booth that incorporates a cartridge filter system to collect overspray powder. 一个过滤收集过喷粉末的一体化装置。Catalyst 催化剂A special chemical that promotes or accelerates the curing reaction or reduces stoving temperature. 一种专门的化学材料，可以提升或促进固化反应或降低烘烤温度。Centrifugal 离心力To force in a direction away from the centre. 从中央向四周的一种力。Cavitations 气穴现象Failure of a powder to flow into the intake of a feed system rat holing. CFM Cubic Feet per Minute. 每分钟立方英尺（空气流量单位）。Chalking 粉化Surface loss of colour and gloss in a coating from degradation of the binder by the UV components in sunlight. Can be seen as a white deposit on the cured coating surface. 在阳光下曝晒由于UV的作用使得结合料降解，从而使涂层表面的颜色、光泽发生损失，可以看到在固化涂层的表面出现白色物质。Chemical Conversion Coating化学转化膜A chemical treatment of the metal surface to convert it to another chemical form. It increases resistance to corrosion and promotes adhesion of the coating.金属表面的化学处理，使之形成另外一种化学结构，它能够增加体层的耐腐蚀性和附着力。Chemical Stripper 化学脱除剂A strong solvent or blend of chemicals that will remove the cured film from the metal substrate. 一种非常强的溶剂或混合物，能够移除金属基材上的固化涂膜。Chip料片The result of breaking extruded powder coating after cooling (also known as kibble)粉末涂料在熔融挤出之后冷却的破碎后的结果（也称为粗破碎）。Chipping 破裂The breaking away of small portions of a paint film due to the inability of that film to flex under impact, thermal expansion or the contraction of the surface. 涂层因为冲击、表面的热膨胀或冷缩而使涂层变成小碎片。Cissing Crating round imperfections in the surface of the film, often caused by oil or silicone contamination. 涂层表面的环形缺陷，一般是油和硅类物质所致。Cleaner 清洁剂Detergent, alkali, acid, solvent or any other material used to clean and degrease before the application of a coating. 用于金属涂装之前的清洗和脱脂。去垢剂、强碱、酸、溶剂或其它的材料Clearcoat 清漆An un-pigmented coating. Can be a protective coating over a coloured or metallic basecoat or metal (example - brass). 一种没有颜料的涂层，罩在有颜色或金属效果的底涂上面起保护作用。Colour-fast 颜色耐久的Non fading. The ability to maintain colour under specified conditions. 没有退色，在特定的条件下保持颜色的能力。Compatibility 相容性The capacity of powder coatings to be mixed and applied so as to show no visible, mechanical or any other detectable effect. 粉末相互混合喷涂后，没有明显的变化，机械的及其它可察觉的效果。Composition 组分Formula, make up, analysis. A specific combination of ingredients. 一个配方中的成分组合。Compressor 压缩机Machine design for compressing air or gas from an initial intake pressure to a higher discharge pressure. 一个可使原始压力变得更高压力压缩空气的机械装置。Condensation 浓缩A formation of water molecules due to drastic temperature difference between two surfaces. Contaminants 污染物Foreign materials such as dirt, dust or oil that can be detected in the cured powder film, pre-treatment chemicals or air supply. 在粉末、预处理化学物质、供气中出现的外来材料，如污物、灰尘、油等。Continuity 连续性Pinhole free film. A surface free from any defects. 无针孔的涂膜，没有表面缺陷的表面。Contrast Ratio 对比度A value related to the hiding power of a coating. The ratio of reflectance of the coating over black and white backgrounds at equal film thickness.同涂层遮盖力相关的一个数值，以相同的涂层的厚度在黑色和白色背景下涂层反射系数的比值。Conversion Coating转化膜(see chemical conversion coating)（见化学转化膜）Conversion 转化Coating Inorganic pre-treatment for metal substrates that prepare the surface for coating. 准备涂装的金属基材的无机预处理膜。Co-polymer 共聚物Large molecules resulting from the simultaneous polymerisation of two or more monomer units. 两个或更多单体同时聚合而形成的大分子。Corona 电晕An area of ionised air formed by a discharge of electricity commonly used in powder electrostatic spray equipment. 粉末静电喷涂设备中放电而电离空气的区域。Corona Charging 电晕充电The process of introducing a static electrical charge on powder particles by passing the powder through an electrical field generated by high voltage. 粉末粒子通过高电压产生的电场而使粉末粒子带上电荷的过程。Corrosion 腐蚀Decomposition or reaction of metal with oxygen, water or other chemicals. 通过氧、水和其它的化学介质使金属发生反应。Corrosion Inhibitor Pigments防腐蚀颜料Pigmants that retard the corrosion process in substrate.具有延缓基材腐蚀过程的颜料。Cracking 破裂Splitting or disintegration of a powder film with breaks penetrating through to the substrate. 涂膜有到达基材的断裂和解体。Crazing龟裂Fine, random cracks or fissures in a paint film, caused by shrinkage.因为收缩而导致的涂层细小的，无规律的破裂。Cratering 缩孔Small round depressions in a powder film. 粉末涂层中小的圆的凹陷。Creep/Creepage 曼延/蠕变Corrosion under a scribe line or an area of damaged coating or edge, after salt spray testing or other testing. 在盐雾试验或其它试验后沿着划线涂层边缘的腐蚀。Cross Contamination 交叉污染A condition when two or more powders are mixed by accident usually reducing quality. 由于意外使得两种或更多粉末混合从而降低了质量。Cross Hatch 十字开口Test to determine adhesion. 附着力试验。Cross-linker 交联A chemical combination formulated to react with a resin to form a continuous film. 树脂通过发生化学反应而形成化学结合并形成连续的涂膜。Cure 固化The reaction between resin and hardener to form the final film properties. 树脂和固化剂通过化学反应而达到最终的涂层性能。Cure Agent 固化剂Hardener or crosslinkers. 硬化剂或交联剂。Cure Oven 固化炉Heated chambers for the purpose of stoving the powder coating. 用于烘烤粉末涂料的加热的箱体或通道。Cyclone 旋风分离器A cylindrical devise that separates powder particles from air. The system works by centrifugal spinning the particles around its perimeter, the powder is collected at the bottom and the air extracted from the top.从空气中分离出粉末的圆形装置，它的工作原理是通过离心原理实现的，粉末在底部收集，空气在顶部输出。 crating应为cratering，所以Cissing Cratering 为收缩缩孔，也就是俗称的“鱼眼”。 DC Current直流电Direct electrical current. 直流电流。Decorative Coating 装饰性涂料A coating designed primarily for cosmetic and secondary for protection. 这种涂层主要目的是装饰作用，其次是为了起保护作用。Deflector折向器Conical shaped disc attached to the end of the powder gun to evenly distribute the powder in a 360o pattern. Used to shape and direct the powder pattern. 用于确定和指导粉末喷涂的形状。附在粉末枪末端的使粉末能够360度分散的锥形物。De-ionised Water 去离子水Water containing no ions other than hydrogen, oxygen and hydroxyl ions. Usually produced through the use of ion exchange resins and used for the final rinse in pre-treatment processes. 除氢、氧、氢氧根离子而不含其它离子的水，一般是用离子交换树脂生产，用于前处理工艺的最后一道水洗。Delamination 分层Separation between two layers of coatings or between coatings and substrate. 涂层和基材之间、两种涂层之间的分离。Delivery 输送The process of moving the powder through the application equipment to the end product. 把粉末从涂装设备移动到最终产品上的过程。De-mineralised Water 软水Water containing no ions other than hydrogen, oxygen and hydroxyl ions. Usually produced through the use of ion exchange resins and used for the final rinse in pre-treatment processes. 除氢、氧、氢氧根离子而不含其它离子的水，一般是用离子交换树脂生产，用于前处理工艺的最后一道水洗。Detergent 清洁剂An alkali or ionised cleaning or emulsified agent. 一种碱或表面活性剂。Dew Point 露点Temperature at which water condenses from air at atmospheric pressure. Dew point varies with relative humidity. 在大气压力下，水凝结时的温度，露点随着相对湿度的变化而变化。Diffuser 散流器A porous material used in an airline to evenly distributes the air. 一种多孔的材料，用于分散空气的流动方向。Dispersion 分散Suspension of one substance in another. 把一种介质悬浮到另一种介质中。Dry Blend 干混Material generally added into the final coating as a dry additive without any melting. 材料一般作为无需熔化的干的助剂加入粉末中。DFT 干膜厚度Dry Film Thickness. Depth of applied coating before curing. 涂层在固化之前的深度（厚度）。Dry Flow 干流动性The properties of a coating powder that relates to the ease of movement or transportation with air or vibration. 粉末涂料的无需气吹和振动而容易流动的性能。Dry Flow Additive 干粉流动助剂An additive that improves the properties of the coating in the powder state. It improves the free flowing characteristics (for better fluidisation or transporting via feed lines) along with the sieving.一种改善粉末涂料状态的助剂，它能改进在分样筛的自由流动性能（通过管道的好的流化和传送）。 Edge Coverage 边角覆盖The ability to flow over, build and adhere to the sharp corners, angles and edges of components. 在工件的凹槽、尖角和边缘不受影响并能很好的附着在上面的能力。Elasticity 弹性The ability to recover from stretching. 恢复原先伸展状态的能力。Electrode 电极A metal filament within or at the end of a powder spray gun used to create air ions at high voltage to produce charged particles (Corona). 在粉末喷涂枪内部或末端在高压电场中形成空气离子从而产生带电的电荷（电晕）。Electrostatic Charge静电充电This is a charge that is carried on the surface of an insulated object such as a powder particle. The charge can be generated by friction or applied by an external field or corona.这是一个绝缘物体如粉末粒子的带电，充电可以是摩擦形成，也可是外部电场或电晕完成。Electrostatic Deposition 静电沉积A technique of moving and charging powder so that it is deposited on an earthed substrate. 一种移动和粉末充电以便沉积在接地的基材上的技术。Electrostatic Fluid Bed 静电流化床A fluid bed equipped with an electrode grid to charge powder so that it is deposited on an earthed component. 使用电极栅使粉末充电并沉积在接地的工件上的一种流化床设备。Epoxy 环氧型A type of powder coating manufactured using epoxy resins, generally having high mechanical strength and corrosion resistance. But limited in gloss and colour retention when exposed to sunlight. 一个主要使用环氧树脂而生产的粉末涂料类型，一般有较好的机械性能和耐腐蚀性能，但在阳光曝晒下颜色和光泽的保持能力较差。Epoxy Resin 环氧树脂Film forming binder usually made from Biphenyl-A and Epicholrohydrin. Characterised as a Polyther. 一种形成涂膜的材料，由双酚A和环氧氯丙烷生产而成，主要是聚醚结构。Erosion 侵蚀Wearing away of a coating to expose the substrate. 涂层因为损蚀而爆露出基材。Ester 酯A chemical formed by the reaction of an acid and an alcohol. 一种由酸和醇反应而形成的化学结构。Etching 刻蚀Surface preparation of metal before chemical process. Removal of a layer of the base metal. 在化学处理之前的表面准备，移除一层金属基材。Explosion Vent 防爆门Pressure relief membrane to prevent damage to a confined dust collection device. 为了防止伤害在集尘装置上的卸压膜。Explosion Limit 爆炸极限Range of the ratio of powder particles to air which the mixture will explode or ignite. 即将爆炸或着火的粉末粒子和空气的比率范围。Extender 预添加物Pigment that can contribute specific properties to a coating, but usually does not substantially affect the colour. 对涂层能够显示出特殊性能的颜料，但一般不能充分地影响颜色。Extrudate 挤出Molten powder coating formulation as it exits the extruder during the manufacture process. 在生产过程中，粉末涂料在挤出机中的熔化过程。Extruder 挤出机Device used to melt & mix plastics and powder coatings. An extruder utilises heat and mixing to mechanically knead the formulation to achieve a homogeneous mixture.粉末涂料用于熔化和捏合的设备，挤出机利用热量和机械捏合可以达到高度混合的目的。Fading 退色Gradual Loss of colour, due to a chemical or physical change, usually caused by UV light. 一般在UV光线的作用下，由于发生化学和物理变化，颜色逐渐地损失。Fan Pattern 扇形Geometry or shape of the spray pattern. 雾化状态的几何形状。Faraday Cage Effect 法拉第效应A condition that may exist on a substrate due to its shape or configuration, that it may inhibit the electrostatic application of powder particles at the specific localised area, such as cavities and recesses. 由于工件的形状和结构可能存在的一种情况，它可能抑制粉末粒子静电涂装到这些区域（如洞和凹槽）。Fatty Edge 肥边Thick film sometimes found on heavy coated work, resulting in a rounded thicker coating on (usually) the lower edge. Sometimes called picture framing. 在涂装工件的较厚的涂膜，在低的边缘出现的较厚的圆边，有时也称为相框。FDA （美国）联邦食品及药物管理局Federal Food and Drug Administration. Feed Hopper 进料斗A container that holds the powder for the supply to the guns. Often designed to be fluidised. 一个保持粉末进入喷枪的容器，经常设计成流化状态。Ferrous 含铁的Contains iron. 含有铁离子。Filiform Corrosion 丝状腐蚀Corrosion or creep resembling a tread like structure under the coating, usually from a point of film breakdown or damage. Caused by poor or lack of pre-treatment. 在涂层下面的一种腐蚀或蠕动，一般来自于涂膜的断裂和破损的一个点，主要是因为没有前处理和前处理较差。Filler 填料Extender, bulking agent or inert pigment. 填料、填充剂或体质颜料。Film Build成（厚）膜The coating thickness.涂层厚度。Film Integrity 涂膜完整性Degree of continuity of a paint film. 涂膜连续的程度。Film Thickness 涂膜厚度Depth of cured coatings, usual