高级英语第一册所有修辞方法及例子总结.doc

Personification:1. The Middle Eastern bazaar takes you.2. dancing flashes3. the beam groan . and protesting4. where camels lie disdainfully chewing their hay, 5. life dealt him profound personal tragedies.6. the river had acquainted him with .7. .to literatures enduring gratitude.8. .an entry that will determine his course forever.9. Bitterness fed on the man who had made the world laugh.10. Personal tragedy haunted his entire life.HyperboleHyperbole is a figure of speech in which exaggeration is used to emphasize a point, to create humor, or to achieve some similar effects1) . takes you .hundreds even thousands of years2) innumerable lamps3) with the dust of centuries4) I see the ten thousand villages 5) .cruise through eternal boyhood and .endless summer of freedom.6) America laughed with him.7) . The trial that rocked the world8) His reputation as an authority on Scripture is recognized throughout the world.9) Now I was involved in a trial reported the world over.Onomatopoeia:1) creak, squeak, rumble, grunt, sigh, groan, etc.tinkling, banging, clashing2) . its clanking, heel clicking 3) appreciative chuckle4) clucked his tongue Metaphor 1) I had a lump in my throat2) At last this intermezzo came to an end.3) I was again crushed by the thought.4) hen the meaning . sank in, jolting me out of my sad reverie5) little old Japan adrift amid beige concrete skyscrapers .struggle between kimono and the miniskirtlittle old Japan- traditional floating houses6) I thought that Hiroshima still felt the impactHiroshima-people of Hiroshima, especially those who suffered from the A-bomb (keep her thoughts under control) E.g. 1) Whether for him, the arch anti-Communist, this was riot bowing down in the House of Rimmon2) I suppose they will be rounded up in hordes.3) The Nazi regime is devoid of all theme and principle except appetite and racial domination.4) Still smarting from many a British whipping5) rid the earth of his shadow and liberated its peoples from his yokea. his wife shot him a swift, warning glance. (give sb. an angry and quick glare)b. The words spat forth with sudden savagery. ( the detective said the words suddenly and savagely.)c. Her tone .withered. (become shorter from her frightening voice)d. .self-assurance.flickered. ( hesitate; move with a quick wavering light emotion)e. The Duchess kept firm tight rein on her racing mind.1) f. Her voice was a whiplash. i. (a heavy blow)2) g. eyes bored into him i. (look at him pointedly or sharply)3) h. Ill spell it out. a) (explain or speak out frankly and in detail)4) 1. Mark Twain - Mirror of America5) 2. Most Americans remember Mark Twain as the father of Huck Finns idyllic cruise through eternal boyhood and Tom Sawyers endless summer of freedom and adventure. 6) 3. The geographic core, in Twains early years was the great valley of the Mississippi River , main artery of transportation in the young nations heart .7) 4. The cast of characters set before him in his new profession was rich and varied a cosmos. 8) Cast of characters: people of various sorts; cosmos: a place where one can find all sorts of characters 9) 5. Steamboat decks teemed not only with the main current of pioneering humanity, but its flotsam of hustlers, gamblers, and thugs as will. 10) current: stream, here not a good choice for the verb teem. 11) 6. He went west by stagecoach and succumbed to the epidemic of gold and silver fever in Nevada s Washoe region. 12) Succumbedto: gave way to (yielded to, submitted to ) the gold and silver rush prevailing in that area.13) 7. For eight months he flirted with the colossal wealth available to the lucky and the persistent, and was rebuffed . Flirtedwealth: did not try hard or persistently enough to get the colossal wealthfailed14) 8. From the discouragement of his mining failures, Mark Twain began digging his way to regional fame as a newspaper reporter and humorist. 6. He went west by stagecoach and succumbed to the epidemic of gold and silver fever in Nevada s Washoe region. 15) Succumbedto: gave way to (yielded to, submitted to ) the gold and silver rush prevailing in that area.16) 7. For eight months he flirted with the colossal wealth available to the lucky and the persistent, and was rebuffed . Flirtedwealth: did not try hard or persistently enough to get the colossal wealthfailed17) Digging fame: working hard to gain regional fame 18) Mark Twain honed and experimented with his new writing muscles . Honed: sharpened/exercised. It is not suitable to say sharpen ones muscles.19) saw clearly ahead a black wall of night.20) the vast basin drained three-quarters of the settled United States 21) All would resurface in his books.that he soaked up.( submarine comes back to the surface, here reappear)22) When railroads began drying up the demand.23) .took unholy verbal shots. 24) my case would snowball into.25) our town .had taken on a circus atmosphere. 26) The street .sprouted with . 27) He thundered in his sonorous organ tones.28) had not scorched the infidels.29) after the preliminary sparring over legalities 30) The case had erupted on my head.31) Now Darrow sprang his trump card by calling Bryan as a 32) But although Malone had won the oratorical duel with Bryan.33) Then the court broke into a storm of applause that 34) He accused Bryan of calling for a duel to the death Irony: a figure of speech in which the meaning literally expressed is the opposite of the meaning intended and which aims at ridicule, humor or sarcasm.1) Hiroshima-the Liveliest City in Japan2) marching backwards to the glorious age of the 16th century Anti-climax : the sudden appearance of an absurd or trivial idea following a serious significant ideas and suspensions. This device is usu. aimed at creating comic or humorous effects. 1) a town known throughout the world for its-oystersParallelismthe repetition of sounds, meanings and structures serve to order, emphasize, and point out relations (1) The past, with its crimes, its follies, and its tragedies. (2) the return of the bread-winner, of their champion, of their protector (3) We shall fight him by land, we shall fight him by sea, we shall fight him in the air. (4) where the means of existence is wrung so hardly from the soil, but where there are still primordial human joys, where maidens laugh and children play. (5) Let us. Let us. (6) He hopes . He hopes (7) Behind all this glare, behind all this stormLitotes (double negative) (语轻意重法,间接肯定法)a) A negative before another word to indicate a strong affirmative in the opposite direction.b) I had not the slightest doubt where our duty and our policy lay. Sarcasm1) ah, yes, for there are times when all pray 2) There is some doubt about that.3) His reputation as an authority on Scripture is recognized throughout the world.Alliteration （头韵）repetition of vowel sound 1) E.g. I see also the dull, drilled, docile, brutish masses2) its clanking, heel clicking 3) fighting for his hearth and home 4) let us learn the lessonsRhetorical question1) E.g. but can you doubt what our policy will be? AssonanceI see also the dull, drilled, docile, brutish masses of the Hun soldiery plodding on like a swarm of crawling locusts.e.g. when bigots lighted faggots to burn. RepetitionE.g. From this nothing will turn us nothing. 1That is our policy and that is our declaration.2 the return of the bread-winner, of their champion, of their protector. 3 We have but one aim and one single, irrevocable purpose. 4 We will never parley; we will never negotiate with Hitler or any of his gang. Antithesis(两个结构相似但是意思相反的平行从句便是对偶句)1)E.g. Any man or state who fights on against Nazidom will have our aid. Any man or state who marches with Hitler is our foe. (E.g. The coward does it with a kiss, the brave man a sword.)2)From them all Mark Twain gained a keen perception of the human race, of the difference between what people claim to be and what they really are.3).took unholy verbal shots at the Holy Land.4).a world which will lament them a day and forget them foreverSimilea) I see also the dull, drilled, docile, brutish masses of the Hun soldiery plodding on like a swarm of crawling locusts.b) .a memory that seemed phonographicc) .swept the arena like a prairie fired) .a palm fan like a sword.e) The oratorical storm blew up in the little court in Dayton swept like a fresh wind Periodic sentence (圆周句) Periodic sentences achieve forcefulness by suspense. The essential elements in the sentence are withheld until the end.松散句把主要意思放在次要意思之前，先说最重要的事情，因而读者在看到最初的几个词后就知道这句话的意思。圆周句的安排则相反：把最重要的意思放到最后面，并且直到最后一个词时句子的结构才完整。读者只有看完整句话才知道它说什么。 She decided to study English though she was interested in music.（松散句）Although she was interested in music, she finally decided to study English.（圆周句）1) E.g. The past, with its crimes, its follies, and its tragedies, flashes away.2) if Hitler imagines that his attack on Soviet Russia will cause the slightest divergence of aims or slackening of effort in the great democracies who are resolved upon