03八大时态和被动语态

八大时态及被动语态,时态 -表明谓语动词动作发生时间的动词形式,一般过去时过去进行时过去将来时过去完成时,一般现在时现在进行时现在完成时,一般将来时,不同的时间 不同的时态,八大基本时态 谓语动词形式,1 一般现在时 原形或三单 （do.does)2 现在进行时 am,is,are +现在分词(doing)3 一般过去时 动词的过去式(did)4 过去进行时 was,were+现在分词(doing)5 现在完成时 have/has +过去分词(done)6 过去完成时 had +过去分词(done)7 一般将来时 will/be going to+动词原形(do)8 过去将来时 would 或was/were going to + 动词原形,用法：,常用时间状语 ：,谓语动词形式 ：,1.一般现在时态( The Simple Present Tense),表示习惯性、经常性的动作或状态。如：He goes to work every day.,动词原形 / 动词三单形式难点：动词的三单变化规则,every day, always, usually, often, sometimes, on Sundays, three times a day ,我一到达那儿，就会给你写信。,一般现在时的注意点:,1 、表客观事实或普遍真理,The earth _ (go) round the sun .,2 、 在when ,as soon as, until, after, before等到引导的时间状语从句和if 引导的条件状语从句中, 用一般现在时表示将来.,If it doesnt rain tomorrow, well go on a picnic .,goes,如果明天不下雨，我们将去野营。,Ill write to you as soon as I get there .,用法：,常用时间状语 ：,谓语动词形式 ：,2. 一般过去时态(The Simple Past Tense),表示过去某个时间发生的动 作或存在的状态,动词过去式,yesterday, just now, last , this morning, ago,一般过去时的注意点:,1、当没有明显的时间状语时,描述几个相继发生过的动作,I always got up too late , washed my face , had a quick breakfast and hurried to school .,2、since从句中常用一般过去时,You havent changed much since we last _(meet) .,met,概念：,常用时间状语 ：,谓语动词形式 ：,表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,tomorrow, in three days，this, next, soon, etc.,1. will/shall+do 2. am/is/are going to+do3. am/is/are + doing,3.一般将来时态(The Simple Future Tense),一般将来时的注意点:,be going to 与 will /shall区别：be going to 指当前的、已计划过或思考过的意图和打算；如：I am going to listen to music. (我打算听音乐）will /shall 表示未事先思考或为计划过的意图 如：It will be Christmas soon .(很快就圣诞节了）,4. 现在进行时态( The Present Continuous Tense ),概念：,常用时间状语 ：,表示现在或现阶段正在发生的动作,now,listen,look, right now ,these days ,at this moment,am/is/are +现在分词,谓语动词形式 ：,现在进行时的注意点:,2.表达状态、感 情和感觉的动词不能用进行时。 如：中know, want, think, see, hear, like, hope, love, have,1.在表达时，切记不要忘了be 动词。 am/is/are + doing,概念：,常用时间状语 ：,谓语动词形式 ：,5. 过去进行时态(The Past Continuous Tense),表示过去某一时刻或某一时间段正在发生的动作。,was/ were+ 现在分词,at this time yesterday, from seven to nine last night, at that moment.,过去进行时的注意点:,在when , while引导的时间状语从句中, 表示主从句中两个动作同时发生时, 用过去进行时表示 .,1. When my father got home, I _ a letter to my friend. (2008宁波中考)write B. am writing C. wrote D. was writing,2. _Jim was making a paper plane , his brother was doing homework.,While,较长的动作,概念：,常用时间状语 ：,谓语动词形式 ：,6. 现在完成时态(The Present Perfect Tense),发生在过去且对现在仍有影响 的动作,强调对现在的影响.,have /has +过去分词,already, yet, never, ever, just, before, once, twice,for, since, so far, in the past few years, by now.,现在完成时的注意点:,1. have been to , have been in 和 have gone to 的区别,1).Tom _never_ to America2).- Is Tina at home? - Sorry, she _ Shanxi, and she _there for three days.,has been,has gone to,has been,短暂性动词和持续性动词,*常见终止性动词：buy borrow arrive put on marry leave join die come go begin 短暂性动词不能跟表示一段时间的状语连用, 必须转变成持续性动词,译下列句子：,、这本书他买了一年了 4、 这本书他借了三天了。 5、我们离开广州六年了。,He has bought this book for a year .,He has had this book for a year .,He has borrowed the pen for three days .,He has kept the book for 3 days .,We have left Guangzhou for 6 years .,We have been away from Guangzhou for 6 years .,概念：,常用时间状语 ：,谓语动词形式 ：,7.过去完成时: (The Past Perfect Tense),had + 过去分词,by the end of last year, by, before +过去的时间点；由when, before, after, by the time 等引导的状语从句中，表示主句的动作发生在从句之前。,表示在过去某一时刻前已完成的动作。也称“过去的过去”,过去完成时的注意点:,用于宾词从句中，当主句的谓语动词是一般过去时时,一定要注意宾语从句中的时态变化。,He said that he _the film many times.,had seen,概念：,谓语动词形式 ：,8.过去将来时: (The Past Future Tense),would + 动词原形was /were going to +动词原形,表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。常用于宾语从句或间接引语中。,8.过去将来时：构成：was/were going to + 动词原形 （打算要） was about to + 动词原形 （正要） was to + 动词原形/was to have + 动词-ed（注定要）,1.Not only his parents but also he _watching sports programs.A.Like B.likes C.dont like D.not like2.-Why dont you want to see the dolphin show ? I_ it before.A.See B.saw C.will see D.have seen3.When will the train D51 arrive ? -_ a few minutes .A.Since B.For C. In D. After4.Where is Mrs Brown ? Please call me when she _.A.Come B. comes C.coming D.came,一般现在时,现在完成时,一般将来时,一般现在时代替将来时,5.Peter usually w_ his clothes on weekends.,wears 一般现在时,1. 时间副词now或提示性动词listen, look决定的现在进行时,Listen! Someone _ outside. A. sing B. sings C. is singing D. are singing,解题技巧 以此立意的试题考查考生能否通过时间副词now或提示性动词listen, look判断出动词用现在进行时态。本题中，listen暗示了动作正在进行，用现在进行时态，选C。,2. 上下文语境下的现在进行时态,Wheres your father, Mike?He _ in the kitchen. A. cooks B. cooked C. is cooking D. has cooked,解题技巧 以此立意的试题考查考生能否通过上下文语境判断出动词用现在进行时态。本题中，句子的语境暗示出了现在的进行动作，用现在进行时态，选C。,3. 一些频度副词决定的一般现在时态,Every year many foreigners_ to China to learn Chinese. A. have come B. comes C. came D. come,解题技巧 以此立意的试题考查考生能否通过一些频度副词always, often, usually, sometimes, once a day, every day等判断出动词用一般现在时态。本题中的every year是一个表示频度的时间状语，当句子中出现表示频度的时间状语时，谓语动词用一般现在时态，选D。,4. 人或事物的状态、特征和客观存在情况下的一般现在时态,What do you do? Im an engineer. I _ in a company in Wu Han. I like my job very much. A. workB. had worked C. will workD. worked,解题技巧 以此立意的试题考查考生能否用一般现在时表达人或事物的状态、特征和客观存在。本题是一个对职业说明的句子，动词用一般现在时态，选A。,5. 过去时间状语所决定的一般过去时态,Excuse me. Is Joan in?Sorry, she isnt here at the moment. She _ to the railway station half an hour ago. A. goes B. wentC. has gone D. has been,解题技巧 以此立意的试题考查考生是否能通过一些表示过去的时间状语yesterday, two weeks ago, last Sunday, in 1998,just now等判断出动词用一般过去时态。本题中的half an hour ago是一个表示过去的时间状语，谓语动词用一般过去时态，选B。,6. 表示将来的时间状语所决定的一般将来时态,Mr. Smith _ a talk on country music next Monday. give B. gaveC. has given D. will give,解题技巧 以此立意的试题考查考生能否能通过一些表示将来的时间状语tomorrow, next week, from now on, in three days等判断出动词用一般将来时态。本题中next Monday是一个表示将来的时间状语，谓语动词用一般将来时态，选D。,7. 过去的时间点所对应的延续动词的过去进行时态,I called you this morning, but nobody answered. （汕头）I the flowers in my garden at that time. A. watered B. was watering C. Water,解题技巧 以此立意的试题考查考生能否通过一些表示过去某时间点的时间状语“at this time of, when从句”判断出延续动词用过去进行时态。本题中的时间状语是一个表示过去的时间点，表示过去的时间点与延续动词连用时，延续动词用过去进行时态，选B。,8.上下文所决定的过去进行时态,Why didnt you come and open the door for me, dear? Oh, sorry, I _ in the kitchen. I didnt hear you. A. cooked B. would cook C. was cooking,解题技巧 以此立意的试题考查考生能否通过上下文判断出动词用过去进行时态。本题中所暗含的时间状语时“刚才的瞬间”，延续动词应该用过去进行时态与之对应，选C。,Summary:,一般现在时：is/am/are ; do; does; V-s/es一般过去时：was/were; did; V-ed.一般将来时：will + V. ; Is/am/are + V.一般过去将来时：would + V.; was/were going to + V.现在进行时：is/am/are + V-ing过去进行时：was/were + V-ing将来进行时：will be + V-ing过去将来进行时：would be +V-ing现在完成时：has/have + V-ed过去完成时：had + V-ed将来完成时：will have + V-ed过去将来完成时：would have + V-ed现在完成进行时：has/have been + V-ing过去完成进行时：had been + V-ing将来完成进行时：will have been + V-ing,被动语态,Exercise ：translate the following sentences,这些照片是上星期拍的 。这本书是鲁迅写的。史密斯一家被邀请参加了派对。长江也叫扬子江。,These photos were taken last week.,This book was written by Lu Xun.,The Smiths were invited to the party.,The Changjiang River is also called theYangteze River.,英语动词有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如： They will build a new bridge over the river. (主动) A new bridge will be built over the river. (被动) 汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动，而英语用：助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词构成。,被动语态常用的八种时态1. 一般现在时： People grow rice in the south of the country. Rice is grown in the south of the country. The school doesnt allow us to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher. We are not allowed to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher. 2. 一般过去时： They agreed on the building of a new car factory last month. The building of a new car factory was agreed on last month. The students didnt forget his lessons easily. His lessons were not easily forgotten.,3. 一般将来时： They will send cars abroad by sea. Cars will be sent abroad by sea. They will give plenty of jobs to school-leavers. Plenty of jobs will be given to school-leavers. 4. 过去将来时： The manager said they would complete the project by the end of the year. The manager said the project would be completed by the end of the year. The workers told me they would mend the car as soon as possible. The workers told me that the car would be mended as soon as possible.,5. 现在进行时： The radio is broadcasting English lessons. English lessons are being broadcast on the radio. We are painting the rooms. The rooms are being painted. 6. 过去进行时： Why didnt they drive there on time? Because the workers were mending the road. Because the road was being mended. This time last year we were planting trees here. Trees were being planted here this time last year. 7. 现在完成时： Someone has told me the sports meet might be put off. I have been told the sports meet might be put off. We have brought down the price. The price has been brought down.,8. 过去完成时： When I got to the theatre, I found they had already sold out the tickets. When I got to the theatre, I found the tickets had alrea