凤凰国际英语基础英语语法5时态

Lesson Five,英语的时态,今日内容,1）复习：并列句和复杂句的表达2）一般现在时3）现在进行时4）现在完成时5）现在完成进行时6）一般过去时7）过去进行时8）过去完成时9）巩固练习,互动表达练习,1) Paragraph writing1 : housing shortage in big cities2) Paragraph writing: pickpocket Multiple choice Filling in the blanks Sentence translation Paragraph writing 3: my past, present and future,翻译成并列句1.他喜欢踢足球，并且踢得很好。He likes playing football and he plays well. 2.去年我和凯特相遇，我们成了朋友。Last year l met Kate and we became friends. 3.它没有嘴巴，但是它会说话。It has no mouth, but it can talk. 4.学校放学了，可是老师们仍然在工作。School is over, yet all the teachers are still working.,5.他想当作家，而我则想当科学家。He wants to be a writer, while I want to be a scientist. 6.雨下得很大，然而我们必须出去。Its raining hard, however, we must go out. 7.现在你可以休息，或者去看电影。Now you can have a rest or you can go to the cinema 8.你必须说真话，否则你将会受到惩罚。You must tell the truth，or you will be punished,9.他有许多好朋友，因为他是个诚实的人。He has many good friends, for he is an honest man.10.李老师回家乡去了，所以王老师替他的课。Mr. Li went to his hometown, so Mr. Wang was taking his class instead,翻译成复杂句1.他说他要戒烟，但没人相信。 He said that he would give up smoking, but nobody believed it.2.电脑越来越先进，以至于没有人知道100年后电脑会是什么样。Computer is more and more advanced and nobody knows what it will be like in 100 years.,3.有人告诉我们下星期举办英语晚会，但我们既不知道具体地点，也不知道准确的时间。Weve been told that there is going to be an English evening next week, but we dont know the exact time and the place.4.晚会的时间和地点倒是无关紧要，而谁是晚会的主持人倒是非常关键。 It makes no difference when and where well have the party, but it matters a lot who will host it.,5.他们生产的轿车省油，价格也合理。The cars they make not only save oil but also have a reasonable price.,Warm-up 1,英语时态在表达中的运用（简单版）,用英语写一写周末你通常是怎样过的,I am busy on the weekends.On Saturday morning I do my homework.In the afternoon, I go shopping.In the evening, I watch TV.On Sunday morning I visit my grandparents.I clean the room in the afternoon.,用英语写一写周末John通常是怎样过的,John is busy on the weekends.On Saturday morning he does his homework.In the afternoon, he goes shopping.In the evening, he watches TV.On Sunday morning he visits his grandparents.He cleans the room in the afternoon.,用现在进行时描述五句话。,I am doing my homeworkJohn is watching TV.She is riding a bike.We are swimming.John and Amy are learning English.,用英语写一写这个周末你将会怎样过,I am going to be busy this weekend.On Saturday morning Im going to do my homework.In the afternoon, Im going shopping.In the evening, Im going to watch TV.On Sunday morning Im going to visit my grandparents.Im going to clean the room in the afternoon.,用英语写一写下个周末John将怎样过,John is going to be busy next weekend.On Saturday morning Hes going to do his homework.In the afternoon, Hes going to go shopping.In the evening, Hes going to watch TV.On Sunday morning Hes going to visit his grandparents.Hes going to clean the room in the afternoon.,用英语写一写上个周末你是怎样过的,I was busy last weekend.I did my homework on Saturday morning.I went shopping in the afternoon.I watched TV in the evening.I visited my grandparents on Sunday morning.I cleaned the room in the afternoon.,用英语写一写上个周末John是怎样过的,John was busy last weekend.He did his homework on Saturday morning.He went shopping in the afternoon.He watched TV in the evening.He visited his grandparents on Sunday morning.He cleaned the room in the afternoon.,Warm-up 2,英语时态在雅思考试中的运用,一般现在时,剑7，TEST2的一篇考官范文彻底为大家解决了图表时态问题。 The graph illustrates changes in the amounts of beef, lamb, chicken and fish consumed in a particular European country between 1979 and 2004.说明：这个开头段为极为典型的改写原题，注意这段里的illustrate“展示”，用的是一般现在时。,一般过去时,In 1979 beef was by far the most popular of these foods, with about 225 grams consumed per person per week. Lamb and chicken were eaten in similar qualities (around 150 grams), while much less fish was consumed (just over 50 grams). 说明：本段描写了四种食品各自的起点。由于题中所给的时间都是过去时，所以谓语动词全部用过去时。并注意连接词WHILE的对比作用。,Warm-up 3,托福考试中的时态问题,三种常用时态,作文中的时态，主要记住三种。经常发生的事情用一般现在时，正在发生的事情用现在进行时，已经发生的用现在完成时。1）一般现在时：名词复数以及人称I, you, we, they用动词原形，名词单数，不可数名词以及it, he, she，动词+s.2）现在进行时：be + ving. 名词复数以及人称I, you, we, they用are + ving，名词单数，不可数名词以及it, he, she，用is + ving3）现在完成时：名词复数以及人称I, you, we, they用have +动词过去分词，名词单数，不可数名词以及it, he, she，用has + 动词过去分词,在数轴上的表现形式,现在时,将来时,过去时,过去完成时,过去完成进行时,过去将来时,过去,过去将来进行时,现在完成进行时,一般将来时,将来进行时,将来进行时,过去将来完成时,过去进行时,选择方法：三定：定时定体定态,什么时间发生（现在、过去、将来、过去将来）,什么状态（完成、未完成、进行、不完成也不进行）,主动还是被动,一般现在时一般将来时,一般过去时现在完成时过去完成时将来完成时,现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时,英语的十六种时态,时态（Tense）是表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。因此，当我们说时态结构的时候，指的是相应时态下的动词形式。英语共有十六种时态，其表现形式如下(以do为例),一般现在时,表示现在的状态、经常的或习惯性的动作、表示主语具备的性格和能力等。 与一般现在时连用的时间状语：often, always, sometimes, usually, every day/ week/year 等,Present simple：习惯或反复发生的动作，或存在的状态。,now,past,future,基本式为：do/does,时间状语：every day ,sometimes , on Sundays.,用法,1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：English and Chinese are two different languages belonging to different language families. 2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：I get up at six every day and do some exercises. 3.表示客观现实。如：China is a developing country with a large population.,Where are they?They are in the classroom.,Is he happy?,Yes, he is happy.,Is he strong?Yes, he is strong.,What is it?It is a cat.,Is she busy?Yes, she is busy.,Am I sad?No, I am happy.,Is it very hot?Yes, it is very hot.,对考试的意义,一般现在时态为雅思托福考试写作表达的主要时态。在表态、举证、论述的时候，基本上都采用一般现在时态。,巩固练习,描述客观现实：Topic: Shortage of housing in big cities,内容要点,1）中国人口众多2）很多人涌进大城市3）中国人都希望成家的时候有一套自己的房子。4）房子价格很贵，很多人称为房奴。5）呼吁政府有所作为。10 minutes.,Discussion,现在进行时,（一）现在进行时的概念及构成： 现在进行时是表示现在正在进行的动作的时态。 时间状语：now, these days, at the moment 提示词：look, listen,基本形式,基本构成：主语+be+v-ing(现在分词)I am watching TV now.我正在看电视。,一、进行时的肯定句,We are cycling in the garden these daysLook！He is walking the dog,（1）否定式：benotV-ing eg:The students arent cleaning the room. (2) 一般问句：be动词提前。肯定:Yes，主语be，否定:No，主语be not。 eg:-Are you playing the computer game? -Yes, I am. /No, I am not.,（二）否定式、疑问式及简略回答,（3）特殊问句：对谓语动词进行提问的：Whatbe 主语doing其他？ What is the old man doing under the tree?对其他成份进行提问的，疑问词一般疑问句？ Where is the boy swimming? Who is she waiting for?,（四）现在进行时的基本用法（1）以Look！或Listen！开头的句子，提示我们说话时动作正在进行，应用现在进行时。如：Look！The children are playing games over there瞧！孩子们在那边做游戏。 Listen！Whos singing in the classroom？听！谁在教室里唱歌？,（2）当句子中有now（现在）时，常表示说话时动作正在进行，这时也常用现在进行时。如： We are reading English now现在我们正在读英语。,（3）描述图片中的人物的动作时常用现在进行时，以示生动。如：Look at the pictureThe girl is swimming看这幅图，这个女孩正在游泳。 （4）表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作时常用现在进行时。这时常与时间状语these days，this week等连用。如：We are playing football these days这些天我们在踢足球。,（5）有时句子中可能没有时间状语，但如果表示的是说话时或者现阶段正在进行的动作，就应该用现在进行时。如：Whats Jim doing？吉姆在干什么？He is cleaning the room他正在打扫房间。,have（有），be（是），like（喜欢），know（知道），want（想要），think（认为），see（看见），hear（听见），forget（忘记）等。eg：I have a new bike now现在我有一辆新的自行车。但不说：Im having a new bike now,没有进行时的动词：,（6）有些动词的现在进行时表示近期按计划或安排要进行的动作。这些动词是：go, come, leave, start, arrive, return, work, sleep, stay, play, do, have, wear, die等。如：Shes coming to see me tomorrow. 她明天要来看我。The football match is starting next Monday. 足球赛在下星期一开始。,巩固练习,描述一个正在发生的事情。Topic: Pickpocket,Discussion,现在完成时,过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的结果或影响，也可指过去开始延续到现在的动作或状态。,present(now),future,past,3 过去分词（1）规则动词 like： stop ： study：（2）不规则动词,liked , liked stopped, stopped studied, studied,动词以及过去式和过去分词。 1.be- 2.come 3.go- 4.do 5.have- 6.drink 7.give- 8. eat 9.know- 10.make 11.run- 12.say 13.see- 14.find 15.draw- 16.get 17.hear- 18.begin 19.buy- 20.leave,was/were -been,came-come,went-gone,did-done,had-had,drank-drunk,gave-given,ate-eaten,knew-known,made-made,ran-run,said-said,saw-seen,found-found,drew-drawn,got-got,heard-heard,began-begun,bought-bought,left-left,4 常用的时间状语有：yet（否定、疑问句）, already（肯定句）, just, recently(最近),ever, never2) since +一点时间或从句（用过去时）3) for +一段时间,Mother: John, clean your teeth please.,John: Mum, I have cleaned them.,comb your hair - have combed it wash your hands - have washed them tell me the truth -have told you everything visit your grandpa - have visited him listen to the English tape - have listened to it,Mother: John, clean your teeth please.,John: Mum, I have already cleaned them.,现在完成时,一.构成: have/ has + done (过去分词)过去分词(pp)其变化方法和动词过去式基本相同。有部分不同，需要记好。He has lived in Shenzhen for 4 years. Has he lived in Shenzhen for 4 years? Yes,he has. / No, he hasnt .,二: 用法: 1)现在完成时表示过去发生的动作,并对现在有影响。Someone has broken the window. (窗户现在是坏的)I have already lost the key. (我现在没有钥匙)I havent read that book yet . (不了解书的内容)I have just cleaned my hands. (手是干净的),常与already(已经), yet(已经), just(刚刚),ever(曾经)等词连用.,already: 常用于肯定句中. yet: 常用于否定句,疑问句尾.,常用于现在完成时的时间副词,介词:already (已经): 用于肯定句I have already posted the letter .yet(已经): 用于否定句,疑问句 He hasnt done his homework yet.just(刚刚) They have just left. ever(曾经) Have you ever been to Beijing ?never(从不) I have never seen him .before(以前) Have you seen the film before?since(自从以来) Ive worked in the school since 1999.for(长达) Hes lived in Shenzhen for 6 years.in the past several days / weeks/ years(在过去的)recently(最近) I have not written to my parents recently.so far(到目前为止) So far she has learned 5 English songs.up to now(到目前为止),since: (自以来)1)since+时间点Hehasstayedheresince5oclock.2)since+ 时间段+ agoHehasstayedheresince5hoursago.3)since+ 从句ShehastaughtEnglishsincehecamehere. for: (长达）for+ 时间段He has kept the book for 2 weeks.,since , for 的用法:,Translate them into English.,1.你以前做过风筝吗? 2. 我从来没有见过这么奇怪的人3. 到现在你学了多少英语单词?4. 这部电影他已经看过5遍了. 5. 最近有没有读一些有趣的书?6 . 在过去几天里, 你吃了什么?7. 自从她搬到上海以后, 我就没见过她.,Have you made a kite before ?,Ive never seen such a strange man.,How many English words have you learned so far?,He has already seen this film 5 times.,Hare you read any interesting books recently ?,What have you eaten in the past several days?,I havent met her since she moved to Shanghai .,他的爷爷已经去世2年了。 Nick 参军3年了. 他离开深圳好长时间了。 这本书我已借了4个月了.,His grandpa has died for 2 years.,Nick has joined the army for 3 years.,He has left Shenzhen for along time.,I have borrowed the book for 4 months.,X,X,X,X,实义动词分为: 1) 瞬间动词 (die, join, leave, borrow等) 2)延续动词 (wait, know , learn 等),注意: 瞬间动词不能和时间段连用.,实义动词分为: 1) 瞬间动词 2)延续动词,瞬间动词,注意: 瞬间动词不能和时间段连用.,method 1:,动作,die,be over,leave,borrow/buy,arrive,begin,end/finish,join,marry,keep/had,be away,be here,be on(上演）,be married,be in,be dead,他的爷爷已经去世2年了。 Nick 参军3年了. 他离开深圳好长时间了。 这本书我已借了4个月了.,His grandpa has been dead for 2 years.,Nick has been in the army for 3 years.,He has been away from Shenzhen for a long time.,I have had/kept the book for 4 months.,现在完成进行时,1. The Present Perfect Continuous is formed in this way: （构成） Subject + have/has + been+ doingYouve been studying very hard.Has Steve been complaining about it?We havent been waiting for you long.,2. Use （用途） 1) 现在完成进行时可以表示一个从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作。这个动作对现在有影响.Im tired because Ive been running.,2) 现在完成进行时可以表示一个从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作。这个动作现在仍在继续中。I have been reading for 2 hours. I am still reading now.,3.现在完成进行时可以和since, for+一段时间,these few days, all this time(这段时间 ), all along(始终,一直), all the time（一直） all night, all the morning, all ones life, today, this week, this month, during the night, recently等状语连用： I have been reading for 3 hours. 我读了3小时的书。Ive been writing letters all this morning.我写了一上午的信。,1. 未完结性现在完成时强调动作的最后的结果，表示动作已经结束、完成；现在完成进行时强调动作本身，表示动作还没有结束、完成 (有延续性）。 I have read this novel. (已读完） I have been reading this novel. (还在读） They have widened the road. (路加宽了) They have been widening the road. (路还在加宽),现在完成进行时和现在完成时的区别,2. 刚完结性的结果 现在完成进行时和现在完成时皆可表示动作对现在产生的结果（影响），但现在完成进行时所表示的结果 是刚刚完成的动作的结果 consequence ；（是临时的/直接的) 而现在完成时所表示的则是最后的结果/长久的影响(result)。 （动作可能刚结束，也可能早已结束）,We have been cleaning the classroom.（a）We have cleaned the classroom（b）（a）“我们打扫教室来着。”表示教室刚刚打扫过，其目前直接的结果可能是：我们身上都是灰; 或是我们很累。（b）“我们把教室打扫过了。” 教室可能是昨天打扫的，其结果是：现在教室很清洁，可以用了。 Your eyes are red and puffy. Have you been crying? 你的眼睛又红又肿，你是不是哭来着？（“哭”的动作刚刚结束，它是眼睛又红又肿的原因。）,3. 感情色彩现在完成进行时比较生动，有时含有明显的感情色彩，而现在完成时往往只说明一个事实，一种影响或结果，平铺直叙，没有什么感情色彩可言。如：Recently Mary has been doing her work regularly.（a）Recently Mary has done her work regularly（b）（a）句显然是在表扬玛丽。（b）只说明一个事实。,Whos been eating my apples？（a）Whos eaten my apples？（b）（a）句有强烈的感情色彩，表示愤怒不满;兼有进行时态，所以有“苹果未被全部吃光”的意思，（b）句只是希望回答的一个问题。 完成时态，说明“苹果一个不剩了”。,4. 重复性现在完成进行时往往表示动作在重复，现在完成时则常常不带重复性。 Have you been meeting her lately？ (你近来常见到她吗？) Have you met her lately？ (你近来见到过她吗？),5.习惯性，口语化 现代英语中，特别是口语，有一种倾向，就是对于像sit, lie, wait, stay,look等这样的动词，用现在完成进行时比用现在完成时更合乎习惯。例如： I have been sitting all afternoon. I have been waiting for you since morning. I have been staying in a hotel so far.比较： I have been singing all afternoon. (口语倾向于用） I have sung all afternoon.,6. 现在完成进行时一般不适用于状态动词（如know，以及have, find, understand, be 等。 只能用现在完成时： 自从孩提我们就认识了。 Weve known each other since childhood.7. 现在完成进行时一般不用被动语态，应改用现在完成时的被动语态： The road has been being repaired for months. 太笨重，应改为： The road has been repaired for months.8. 非延续性动词(Non-Continuous Verbs )，如 finish, join，die 等，通常不能用于现在完成进行时。,Ive been sitting in a traffic jam for hours.1. Ive _ going everywhere by bike. 2. I _ been using the car for the last two months.,Exercise：complete the sentences.,been,havent,3. Have you _ watching Euro sport?4. What have been _?5. _ you _ cycling in the rain?,been,doing,a). Were so tired. We _ (cycle) in the forest all morning.b). Why was he arrested? _ he _ _ (sell) stolen cars again?,ve been cycling,Has,been,selling,d). The kids are very good today. They _ (play) quietly for two hours.,have been playing,c). I dont want him to give us a lift. He _ (not drive) for a long time.,hasnt been driving,Mike: At last! Where _ (be)? I _ (wait) for an hour.,have you been,have been waiting,Put the verbs in brackets in the Present Perfect or Present Perfect Continuous. (P41-8),Helen: Sorry, I _ (talk) to an old friend. I _ (not see) her for years. And imagine, we met in the middle of the street, just like that.Mike: What _ she _(do) since you last saw her?,ve been talking,havent seen,has,been doing,一般过去时,一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。,Free talk,Whats the date today?,What was the date yesterday?,Were you happy yesterday?,Was your English teacher busy last week?,Did you watch TV last night?,What did you do yesterday evening?,Where were you yesterday afternoon?,When did you get up this morning?,How did you go to school before?,How long did you stay at school yesterday ?,How much lucky money did you get last Spring Festival?,Who gave you the most lucky money last year?,知识结构,一般过去时,构成,用法,常用时间,动词的过去式,1.表示过去某个时 间发生的动作或存在的状态。2.表示过去经常或 反复发生的动作。,yesterdaylast nightin 1990two days ago,动词过去式的构成,规则动词,不规则动词,构成,读音,一般过去时态句式的构成陈述句式,一般过去时态句式的构成疑问句式,用 法,1.表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。 He was here yesterday. I got up at six thirty yesterday morning. My father was at work yesterday afternoon. Did you have a good time last summer?,2.表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。 My father often went to work by bus last year. When I was a child, I often listened to music.,常用时间,常与一般过去时态连用的时间有：,yesterdayyesterday morning (afternoon, evening)last night (week, month, year)two days ago, a week ago, three years agoin 1990, (in 1998),用动词的过去式填空,Did you remembered (remember) to buy the oranges?2.Who invented (invent) the computer.3.We went (go) to the cinema last night. The film was (be) very good.4.What time did you got (get) to school this morning?5.Jim did (do) a lot yesterday. He went (go) shopping and cooked (cook) supper.,巩固练习,Topic: When I was a little child.10 minutes,过去进行时,过去进行时，是表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。,现在,将来,过去,B:I was leaving for school when Wenchuan Earthquake happened.,（一）过去进行时 的构成：,动词,was/were现在分词,1.昨天的这个时候我正在做作业。,I was doing my homework at that time yesterday.,2.昨晚我一直在看电视。,I watched TV last night.,1.过去进行时常表示过去某一时刻或过去某一阶段内正在进行的动作。,过去某一时刻,过去某一阶段内,（二):过去进行时的用法：,I was watching TV last night.,强调过程,强调过去的事实,2.过去进行时可表示一个动作发生时，另一个动作正在进行。,当我到家时，她正在做饭。,When (当. 时侯) I came home, she was cooking dinner.,一般过去式,过去进行时,While (When)you were speaking to the teacher, I saw you.,1.你在和老师谈话时我看见了你。,3.过去进行时可表示一个动作正在进行 另一个动作突然发生 。,（用一般过去式）,（用过去进行时）,while“当. 时侯”和进行时连用并且连用 的动词要用付延续性动词),4.过去进行时可表示两个动作同时进行.,While I was watching TV, my mother was cooking.,当我在看电视时，我母亲在做饭。,2.我正在做饭,就在那时她敲门了。,I was cooking when(就在那时)she knocked at the door.,when=and then就在那时when当. 时侯,（三）与过去进行时连用的时间状语有:,1.at this （that）time +过去时间2.at ten oclock+过去时间3.from 6 to 9+过去时间4.those days 5.由when和while引导的一般过去时的句子,（四） 、过去进行时与一般过去时的区别 过去进行时着重描述当时正在持续进行的动作，它的特点是：暂时，持续和未完成，强调过程；一般过去时表示发生过的动作或存在的状态，即表示动作发生过，或者已经结束了，强调事实或结果。,1.She wrote a letter to her friend last night.她昨晚给她的朋友写了封信（信写完了）,2.She was writing a letter to her friend last night.她昨晚一直在给她的朋友写信。（信不一定写完）,一、过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。常用的时间状语 when, while例如：My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle . 我哥哥骑自行车的时候从车上摔下来。It was raining when they left the station. 他们离开车站的时候天正在下雨。They left the station while it was raining . 天正在下雨的时候他们离开了车站。,二、 过去进行时可以表示在过去某个时间点发生的事情。时间点可以用介词短语、副词或从句来表示。常用的时间状语：this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, 例如：What was she doing at nine ocloc