综合英语B-3-L1教案-2011学生.doc

Unit One (Book 3) Fresh Start About the author p.5Pre-reading questionQuestion 1: First days at University are memorable. Some will feel at a loss as to what to do and some will feel very excited as they can arrange everything by themselves without parents interference. Some will spend several days seeking out canteen, supermarket, post office, library, classroom buildings, etc. Later military training begins some will have a real tough time. In university, one must find its more important to be oneself and find your real selfQuestion 2: Someone will be really afraid of making mistakes that cause embarrassment if one is a self-conscious person, and always try to be perfect. if one make mistake, one would be obsessed with a sense of humiliation and shame. One must come to realized that no one can be perfect, its unwise to take trivial mistakes too seriously. Whats more, its more important to be yourself than try to do everything perfectly.The American High Education: It refers to American education on the college level. It includes four categories of institutions. They are: the university, the college (the four-year undergraduate institution)(四年制本科学院), the technical training institution (技术培训学院) and the two-year community college (两年制社区学院). Some are supported by public funds. A Bachelors degree is earned after a minimum of four years of post-secondary study (sixteen years of education). Earning a U. S. Masters degree requires approximately two years of study beyond the Bachelors degree. Doctoral programs generally require from two to five years of study beyond the Masters degree.elementary, secondary, tertiary educationStructural analysis: It is an autobiographical essay in which Evenly Herald, the author, recounts her embarrassing moments during her first days at college. The text is a narration in a chronological order. It is divided into three parts with the beginning (para. 1), the incidents (para.2-9) and the conclusion (para.10-14). With a chronologically balanced pattern of narration, the author focus on three incidentssitting in the wrong class, falling down in the cafeteria and witnessing the upper class football player having the same experience. Coupling narration with description, she gives us a detailed account of the process, the after-effect and the significant insight into herself.Why are these three incidents treated expansively in the essay?Unlike a piece of expository writing, which usually expresses the main idea in a thesis statement, in a piece of narrative writing, the point is shown through dialogues, actions or events. The three incidents that are treated expansively in the essay are related to one another by their implicit messagesthe author made mistakes and her reaction toward the mistakes. It was in this process that the author achieved signicant insight into life and herself.Rhetorical devices ( refer to p. 7 )expressions of humor, exaggeration, and contrast: With the thought in mind, I raised my head,(para.2, sentence 1)I spent the afternoon seeking out each room perfectly timed entrance vs. wrong classroom (para.2, last sentence)As my rear end met the floor, I saw my entire life pass before my eyes (para.6, last sentence).I made my way throughtiptoed to a tablecollapsed in relief. (para.9, first sentence)Precis: I will never forget the first few days in university. After my parents left me alone on the campus, I was totally at a loss about what to do. I didnt want to look like a freshman, so I tried every means to look as much mature as possible. However, I just couldnt get away the feeling of being first-gradish. Then it took me a long time to seek out my dorm and lecture rooms. But to my embarrassment, I still went into the wrong classroom the next morning. I was ready for the American literature course to begin when the professor said: “Welcome to biology lectures.” Still I stayed there until the end of the lecture. After the class, I felt hungry, so I hurried to the cafeteria. But just when I was heading for a table, I slipped, and I lost my balance and fell down on the floor. All the other students there laughed at me. And I fled. Thinking that it was a great humiliation, I chose to dine alone on some junk food for the next few days. When I went to the cafeteria again, I was the same thing happening to a football player I admired. But his reaction to this embarrassment was quite different. Then I realized that I had been taking myself too seriously. College was different from high school. I t was OK to make mistakes. All I had to do was to stop being so sell-conscious and to be just myself. Part One (para 1)Main idea: IntroductionWords and expressions:anyway: ad. in spite of everything; in any case; anyhow 无论如何，总之不管旁人怎么说，反正我来了。I am coming anyway, no matter what others say.已经无所谓了，我们反正要迟到。It doesnt make much difference because were going to be late anyway.In informal English anyway is used to show that the speaker wants to return to the main topic or to finish one topic and continue with anotherEg 这说法很有意思，但是正如.刚才所我说的说法有点不现实。Thats an interesting comment. But anyway, as I was saying its a little impractical. 要不我们开始下一个话题吧？Anyway, shall we go on to the next point now?2. nothing more than 1).不强于，不多于 e.g. What they have discovered was nothing more than a gimmick. 2) 正好, 与一模一样：e.g. Nothing more than a tunnel-like passagegreeted the excavators. 面对着挖掘者的是一条像隧道一样的通道。 Other phrases: nothing less than: 不亚于，不少于 2)和一模一样；完全 3). 与恰恰相反，完全不 Eg. Thats nothing less than a miracle. 那完全是个奇迹。nothing but 只是；只不过；除以外什么也不eg. I drink nothing but coffee.3. first-gradish: a. be characteristic of a first-grade student 新生的样子 “ish” is a widely used suffix which means characteristic of, like, tending to. Eg. childish, selfish, bookish, womanish 4. distress: a state of extreme unhappiness or worry (精神上的）痛苦；苦恼；忧虑5. distinct: clearly seen, heard, felt, understand, ect.; noticeable 清楚的，明显的，截然不同的，独特的a. There was a distinct note of annoyance in her reply. 她的回答带有明显厌烦的口气。b. There was a distinct improvement in the patients condition。 病人的情况的确有了好转。c. Those two ideas must be kept distinct one from the other. 必须把那两种思想区别开。d. Now that the boss was no longer present, there was a distinct change in her attitude.e. The children have distinct memories of their grandfather in his last days. Cf. distinctive: Anything clearly noticed is distinct: There is a distinct smell of beer in this room.A thing or quality that is clearly different from others of its kind is distinctive or distinct from: Beer has a very distinctive smell; its quite distinct from the smell of wine.6. everyone was watching: 与 anyone, everybody 一样通常用单数， 做先行词时，代词一般为单数，非正规情况用复数 例如：Everybody talked at the top of his voice./Everyone was clapping their hands./ 7. freshman: also fresher, sophomore, junior and seniorI was just feeling a bit first-gradish=I had just the feeling of a new comer at college without the strength a mature student might possessThe fact was that no matter how mature I liked to consider myself, I was feeling just a bit first-gradish.事实上，不管我如何摆出一幅成熟的样子，我感觉自己还是有一点大一新生的菜鸟气。My plan was to keep my ears open and my mouth shut and hope no one would notice I was a freshman= I plan to keep silent and act in such a way that nobody would notice that I was only a new come in college.Questions:1. What is the first scene of the narration? A lonely helpless girl in a parking lot.2. How did the girl feel when she came to the college campus? Pitiful, helpless, first-gradish, distressed, self-conscious, on the alert3. What does “first-gradish” mean? It means “having the qualities and characteristics of a first-grade student.4. Why did the author have the impression that “everyone on campus was watching me”? The author, being over-sensitive, was uneasy with her identity as a freshman. She thought a new student would attract others attention, as what she did or said was liable to be too nave to be right.5. What was her plan? She planned to act her way through college and hoped not to make mistakes.Part Two （para. 2-9）Main Idea: the author recalls a few incidents during her first days of college.square v. 1. bring (ones shoulders) into a position in which they appear square and broad, typically to prepare oneself for a difficult task or event: Eg. I raised my head, squared my shoulders , and I stepped into the room. 使方正、使平正; 挺直 eg. to square a picture on the wall / to square the cap 2. square with 符合，与相符 e.g. Im able to square my profession with my religious belief. Do those announcements really square with the facts? You should square your practice with your principle 你的行为应该跟你的原则一致。 3. settle or pay a bill or debt: e.g. Would you square up the bill? / My account is all squared. Phrases: fair and square: honest Eg. She won the game fair and square. 正面: eg. He hit him fair and square on the nose. 4. completely: The financial burden ought to be born fair and square by the government.A square meal: a substantial satisfying meal5. square sth. away: arrange or deal with in a satisfactory way e.g. Dont worry, well get it squared away.6. Square off =square up Am. Assume the attitude to fight Eg. He has been known to square up to people who have enraged him. Keep square with ones conscience .问心无愧 His dealings are not always quite square. 他办事有时候路子不太正。 discreet adj. careful about what one says or does Eg. She looked well, even stylish in a discreet way, in her tweed suit and white blouse. The detective is following at a discreet distance.discreetly adv. carefully (言行)审慎地， 慎重地 Eg. I should make a few enquires discreetly about the firm before you sign anything. 我应该先审慎打听一下这家公司的底细，然后您再签字。 Of course, you may want to find out where a particular section is, but when he has led you there, the assistant should retire discreetly and look as if he is not interested in selling a single book. 当然，你可能想找到某一书刊专区，当营业员带你到哪里以后，他应该谨慎地离开，好像他对卖书感兴趣。 （辨异）discreetly, discretely 1) discreetly 小心地，审慎地 Eg. As long as you drive discreetly, you will be very safe. 2) discretely 分开的，不连续的 Eg. They talked discretely about their plans.clutch: v. to hold or grasp tightly; vi. to try to grasp or seize : Eg. The frightened woman clutched her bag to her breast.She climbed into the car, clutching her hat so the wind didnt blow it off.He stood clutching a microphone. Syn. hold / clasp: to hold sth tightly, closing your fingers around it. E.g. the child gurgled with delight when she at last clasped her mothers watch.grip: hold sth very tightly by pressing the finger hard. E.g. David suddenly gripped my arm and pulled me away from the road. “It took everything I had not to stare” = it was too hard for me not to look at sth. or sb. live: adj. 1. not dead , living : live animals/ live bacteria of vaccine/1. of musical performance given in concert not on a recording: Eg. There is traditional live music played most nights. of broadcast transmitted at the same time of occurrence: Eg. live coverage of the match/live album(recorded when performing not at the studio) Syn. living/aliveglimpse 同义词 glance, skim, scan 浏览、粗粗地看reserve: n. 1）self-restraint in expression; the habit of not showing ones feelings or thoughts 保守；慎言；沉默寡言 2）保留；储备，保存 eg. Being a man of reserve, Mr. York was never popular with his colleagues. Judy has tried every means to break through the reserve of her stepson. The subject is one which must be discussed with reserve. She reserve some of the milk for tomorrows breakfast. The runner reserved some of his energy for the final spring. reserved: a. eg. The English have a reputation for being reserved.辨异 conserve, preserve, reserve(!) conserve: use (a supply) carefully without waste 保存，保藏 Eg. conserve the forests 保护森林资源 / conserve ones energy 保存体力(2) preserve: 1) prevent sb./sth from being harmed or destroyed 保护，保藏 Eg. preserve dead bodies from decay 保存尸体以防腐烂。 2) cause (a condition) to last, keep unchanged 保持，维持 Eg. preserve ones calmness 保持镇定(3) reserve: 1) to keep (for special use) 保留，储备 Eg. The money must be reserved for emergencies.钱必须留到紧急的时候用。 2) to book 订（座位），预定 Eg. to reserve a seat on the plane 预定飞机座位 air of assurance = apparent confidence air: n. an impression of a quality or manner given by someone: e.g. She answered with a faint air of boredom. You neednt take such airs with me.你没有必要跟我摆架子。airs: an annoyingly affected and condescending manner: Eg. She began to put on airs and think she could boss us around.v. to air room; to air ones opinions/viewpoints Phrases: by air: go somewhere by airin the air: noticeable all around: becoming prevalent: eg. I smell violence in the air on/off the air: being or not being broadcast on radio or televisionup in the air ( of a plan or issue) still to be settled, unresolved: eg. The fate of the power station is up in the air.I spent the afternoon seeking out each of my classroom so that I could make a perfectly timed entrance before each lecture without having to ask dumb questions about its whereabouts:= to seek out each of my classroom, it took me the whole afternoon, I wanted to make certain the accurate location of each classroom without asking stupid questions about where the classroom were. 我花了整个下午总算搞清楚了我要上课的各个教室，这样，第二天上课之前我能坐到该去的教室，而不是傻傻乎乎地到处问地方。seek out 找出，寻求 Eg. He sought out his friend in the crowd 他在人群中找到了他的朋友。 How can we seek out a really good person for the job? 我们怎样才能找出一个真正合适的人来做这项工作。dumb: a (infml) conspicuously unintelligent; stupid; incapable of using speech; mute; temporarily speechless, as with shock or fear 愚蠢的；哑的；沉默的。（因为震惊或恐惧）说不出话的，暂时说不出话的 eg. That was a dumb thing to say. 谈论这事真蠢。 She was born dumb. 她生来就是哑巴。 He remained dumb, refusing to answer. 他保持沉默，拒绝回答问题。 I was dumb with disbelief. 我难以置信，一是说不上话来。 whereabouts: n. approximate location; ad. about where; in, at or near what location eg. Whereabouts do you live? The lost childs whereabouts is still unknown. Whereabouts are our seats? Nobody knows whereabouts he lives. Its said the whereabouts of the missing documents was found. 据说找到了丢失文件的下落。单复数均可 e.g. His whereabouts is/are known only to his personal staff.Para. 2 Main idea: The writer is overwhelmed at the sight of a football player and she is determined not to look like a freshmanQuestions：2. Why did the author exclaim “What confidence, what reserve, what muscles!” when she saw the football player? College life was a new experience to the author. That she marveled at the real football player showed her excitement about her new life. And more importantly, her response revealed admiration for his confident image which was almost exactly the opposite of her own. This admiration would later become the motivation of her change. Also, this foreshadows the later development of the essay.Paras. 3-5 the first incident march in 进入 Eg. She marched in and demanded an explanation. 她堂皇地走进来要求对她做出说明。await: v. 1)of a person wait for an event: eg. we await the proposals with impatience. remand (押侯)prisoners awaiting trial. 2) of an event or a circumstance be in store for someone: eg. many dangers await them.Freshman manuals advised sitting near the front, showing the professor in intelligent and energetic demeanor. 新生手册上建议座在前排，在教授面前摆出一幅聪敏、朝气的架势。I was in the foreground (as advised), but out of the professors direct line of vision:=I took a seat in the first row and to the side, so I was near the front, but put of the professors direct field of vision. (按新声手册的建议）我坐在前排靠边，但是又不在教授的眼皮底下。foreground: n. the nearest part of a scene in a view, a picture, or a photograph （图画，景物等的）前景，最显著的位置；2。最突出的（令人注目的）地位 Eg. The foreground of the photograph shows a big tree. As a movie star, she has to keep herself in the foreground. He has receded from the foreground of public attention. She talks a great deal, because she likes to keep herself in the foreground. synonym: focus antonym: backgroundanthology of American literature: a collection of American literature 美国文学选读anthology: n. a collection of literary pieces, such as poems, short stories, or plays （诗，文，曲，画等具有代表性的）选集 eg. I bought an Anthology of 20th century American Poetry yesterday. 昨天我买了一本二十世纪美国诗歌选集demeanor: (Br: demeanour )way of behaving, manners. 行为；举止；风度e.g. His arrogant demeanor seems to have overshadowed his good work performanceThe chairmans serious public demeanor is in sharp contrast with that of his humorous deputy.There was certainly a large element of irony in his demeanor. Her arrogant demeanor turned everybody away. Syn. behavior: Their behavior towards the guests tends to be rather formal. conduct: a legal or official word meaning the way someone behaves in public, in their job. E.g. The Medical Committee found the doctor guilty of unethical conduct towards his patients. manner): the way someone behaves when they are dealing with other people. E.g. His fluent English and informal manner have won him friends in high places in Washington.grope: vt.& vi. search blindly or uncertainly (暗中) 摸索、探索 （同义词 search, explore, fumble, feel. Look for） eg. My eyes gradually became accustomed to the gloom, and I managed to grope my way to the station. A tricky question left him groping for an answer.棘手问题迫使他搜寻答案。 I grope for the light switch in the dark room. She groped her way into bed after she blew out the candle. We are