贵大研一期末考试英语复习.doc

Unit11、 There has been much opposition from some social groups,notably from the farming community.一些社会团体，特别是农业界，有许多反对意见。2、 The predominant view in Britain and other Western countries associates aging with decline,dependency,isolation,and often poverty.英国和其他西方国家的主流观点认为老龄化与衰退、依赖、孤立和贫穷常常相关。3、 But gifts such as these cannot be awarded to everybody,either by judges or by most benign of governments但是，像这样的礼物，无论是法官，还是最善良的政府，都不能颁发给每一个人。4、 The foreman read the verdict of guilty fourteen times,one for each defendant首席陪审员宣读了有罪判决十四次，每一个被告。5、 They fear it could have an adverse effect on global financial markets他们担心这可能会对全球金融市场产生不利影响6、 The UK threatened to invoke economic sanctions if the talks were broken off英国威胁说，如果谈判破裂，就要实行经济制裁。7、 There are at least four crucial differences between the new regime and the old government.新政权和旧政府至少有四个关键的区别。8、 These questions constitute a challenge to established attitude of superiority toward the outside world这些问题构成了对外部世界既定的优越态度的挑战。9、 Because of this,a strong administrative apparatus was needed to plan the use of scarce resources,organize production and regulate distribution.为此，需要一个强有力的行政机构来规划稀缺资源的使用、组织生产和调节分配。10、 I learnt that there are no genuinely indigenous animals in this area,all the animal were brought here from other places.我了解到这个地区没有真正的土著动物，所有的动物都是从其他地方带到这里来的。1、 For English is a killer.It is English that has killed off Cumbric,Cornish,Norn and Manx.There are still parts of these islands where sizeable communities speak languages that were there before English,Yet English is everywhere in everyday use and understood by all or virtually all,constituting such a threat to the three remaining Celtic languages ,Irish,Scottish Gaelic,and Welsh.that their long-term future must be considered.very greatly at risk. 因为英语是个杀手。正是英语造成了凯尔特语、康沃尔语、诺恩语和马恩语等语言的消亡。在这些岛上还有相当多的人使用在英语到来之前就已存在的语言。然而，英语在日常生活中无处不在。所有的人或几乎所有的人都懂英语。英语对现存的三种凯尔特语爱尔兰语、苏格兰,盖尔语及威尔士语的威胁是如此之大，人们一定认为它们遥远的未来是岌岌可危的。2、 He also associated such policies with a prejudice which he call linguicism(a condition parallel to racism and sexism),As Phillipson see it,leading institutions and individuals within the predominantly “white”English-speaking world,have(by design or default)encouraged or at least tolerated-and certainly have not opposed-the hegemonic spread of English,a spread which began some three centuries ago as economic and colonial expansion.同时，他认为这些政策和他称之为语言歧视（与种族歧视、性别歧视的情况类似）的偏见密切相关。在菲利普森看来，在以白人英语为主导的世界里，最重要的机构和个人（有意或无 意地）鼓励或者至少是容忍了（肯定没有反对）英语霸权主义式的传播。这种传播始于三个世纪之前的经济及殖民扩张。3、 By and large,we now view them as more or less benign,and often talk with admiration and appreciation about the cultures associated with them and what they have given to the world.And it is fairly safe to do this,because none of them now poses much of a threat.总的来说，我们现在或多或少地把这些语言看作有利的语言。在谈到与之相关的文化及其为世界所做的贡献时，我们常怀有崇敬与赞赏，而且这样做也没有太大的风险，因为这些语言现在已不会构成什么大的威胁。4、 Yet many people see English as a blessing.Let me leave aside here the obvious advantages possessed by any world language,such as a large communicative network,a strong literary and media complex,and a powerful culture and educational apparatus.然而，许多人把英语看成是一件幸事。在此，我暂且不谈世界语言所具有的明显优势，例如广泛的通信网、强大的文化传媒体系以及强有力的文化教育机构。5、 English-speaking South Africans of British descent were not particularly strong in opposing the apartheid regime,and the black opposition,whose members had many languages,was at first weak and disorganized.讲英语的南非英国后裔并不强烈反对种族隔离政权，而黑人反对力量，其成员讲多种语言，在初期软弱无力且缺乏组织。6、 Such symbolism suggests that the users of the worlds lingua franca should seek to benefit as fully as possible from the blessing and as far as possible avoid invoking the curse.这一象征表明这种世界通用语的使用者应充分发掘这一幸事为我们带来的好处,同时尽能避免招来灾难。 Unit21、 would passengers please turn off your electronic devices before the commencement of the flight乘客请在起飞前关掉您的电子设备Take-off:起飞2、 My father appreciated the calligraphy of the 18th century very much我父亲非常欣赏十八世纪的书法Handwriting:书法3、 At first the president threatened to dismiss me,but later he relented起初总统威胁要解雇我，但后来他心软了。Softened:.缓和;（使）变软( soften的过去式和过去分词 );缓解打击;安慰4、 My grandma is so naive as to believe everything she reads.我的奶奶很天真，相信她所读的一切Credulous：adj.轻信的，易受骗的5、The intuition of the language is a must for a competent translator一个称职的译者必须掌握这种语言的直觉。Sense:n.感觉，官能;意识，观念;理性;识别力vt.感到;理解，领会;检测出6、After being appointed manager,Bob underwent a subtle change in his attitude被任命为经理后，鲍伯的态度发生了微妙的变化。delicate:adj.微妙的;熟练的;纤弱的;易损的7、 People like to say that knowledge can change ones destiny人们喜欢说知识能改变人的命运fate:命运，宿命;灾难，死亡;命中注定的事（尤指坏事）v.注定8、 The city was almost flattened by the devastating earthquake.毁灭性的地震使这个城市几乎夷为平地。destructive .adj.破坏性的;毁灭性的;有害的9、 This medicine should be applied as a remedy,but for external use only此药应作为一种药物使用，但仅限于外用。Outside:adv.在外面;向外面;在户外;露天n.外面;（弯曲路面或轨道的）外道;（靠近路中央的）外侧;（建筑物等的）周围adj.外部的;集团外的;（选择余地、可能性等）非常小;可能性最大的10、The newspaper seeks to be independent of political dogma报纸力求独立于政治教条。Doctrines:n.学说;教义;教条( doctrine的名词复数 );（政府政策的）正式声明1、 The turn of events at Apple had not changed that one bit.I had been rejected,but I was still in love苹果公司发生的这些事情丝毫没有改变这一点，一点儿也没有。我被炒了鱿鱼，但是我仍然钟爱我所做的事情。2、The heaviness of being successful was replaced by the lightness of being a beginner again, less sure about everything. It freed me to enter one of the most creative periods of my life. 因为，作为一个成功者的负重感被作为一个创业者的轻松感所重新代替，一切都还不确定。这让我觉得如此自由，进入了我生命中最有创造力的一个阶段。3. It was awful tasting medicine, but I guess the patient needed it. Sometimes life hits you in the head with a brick. Dont lose faith.良药苦口，但是我想病人需要它。有时，生活会像一块砖头击中你的脑袋，但不要失去信心。4. Remembering that you are going to die is the best way I know to avoid the trap of thinking you have something to lose. You are already naked. There is no reason not to follow your heart.“ 记住你即将死去”是我知道的避免这些想法的最好办法。如果你已经什么都没有了,就没有理由不去跟随自己内心的声音。5. Your time is limited, so dont waste it living someone elses life. Dont be trapped by dogma which is living with the results of other peoples thinking. Dont let the noise of others opinions drown out your own inner voice. 你们的时间很有限，所以不要将它浪费在重复其他人的生活上。不要掉进教条的陷阱，也就是说不要按照别人的想法来生活。不要让他人喧嚣的观点掩盖你真正的内心之声。Unit41. Though he had apologized, she raised a query on his sincerity.尽管他已道歉，但她对他的真诚提出了疑问。 question:n.问题;疑问;怀疑;议题vt.问（某人）问题;对（某事物）表示感到怀疑2. Discipline in Mr. Browns class becomes very slack.布朗先生班的纪律变得很松懈。Loose：adj.松的，宽的;模糊的;散漫的;自由的vt.松开;释放;不受约束地表达;射出（子弹、箭等）vi.变得松散;发射导弹;开火adv.散漫地n.解放;放任;发射 3、We couldnt believe that the joke was a nasty hit at him.我们无法相信这个笑话对他是一个严重的打击Malicious adj.恶意的，有敌意的;蓄意的;预谋的;存心不良的4. The winners complacent smile annoyed some people.胜利者洋洋自得的微笑惹恼了一些人Contented.adj.满意的，满足的v.使满足(content的过去式和过去分词)5. This make-over has to start with the most basic societal unit the family.这件事必须从最基本的开始。社会单位家庭。change改变，变更;交换，替换;兑换;换衣服（床单）6. A private Postsecondary and Vocational Education Accreditation System will be put into practice in California nest school year.私立高等教育和职业教育认证制度将在加利福尼亚鸟巢学年。 Higher:adj.高高的;高级的;上级的;高等的;高的( high的比较级 );高尚的;高地的;高级的7.The ambassador presented her credentials to the monarch.大使向女王颁发国书。certificates证明;证书8. It seems that the only way out is to cut some programs and downsize our organization看来唯一的出路是减少一些项目和精简我们的机构cut short突然停止;(cut sb/sth short) 不听某人把话说完，打断某人/某事;截断,剪短9. The invaders were brutish and coarse to the villagers.侵略者野蛮粗俗的村民。Brutal adj.残忍的;野蛮的;无情的;不讲理的10.His new theory has caused a sensation throughout the civilized world.他的新理论在整个文明世界引起轰动。excitement n.兴奋，激动;令人兴奋的事;刺激，振奋1、 However, just as exceeding the speed limit will, when traffic police are performing properly, lead to a speeding ticket, so being interviewed for an attractive career-entry position will, when the interviewer knows what to look for, lead directly or indirectly to the question “Why should we hire you?”然而，正如一名司机超速,交警要让他吃罚单一样，在面试一份吸引人的、某一行业的入门职位的时候，如果面试官知道求职者找的是什么工作，就会直接或间接地问这样一个问题：“我们为什么要雇用你？”2.For someone wishing to begin a new career, the prospects are starting to look nasty and brutish, and the immediate picture is distinctly short of jobs, hours, and rewards for new employees.对于那些想要开始新的职业生涯的人来说，前途开始显得险恶和残酷,而当下的情况确实是工作少，时间短，给新雇员工的工资也少。3. Other students may find their academic work difficult and demanding enough without adding the headache of anticipating yet more demands. 其他学生可能会认为自己的课业很难，要求很高，就不想再费脑筋去预先考虑那些更多的要求了。4. If you are in a program with a variety of optional courses, your knowledge of the job markets demands will help you to make more informed decisions.如果你的学习计划包括很多不同学科的课程，那么你要是了解就业市场的需求，就能帮助你在获得更多信息的基础上做出更明智的抉择。5. You may discover that it is quite easy to gain insight into your field of interest just by sounding out your teacher.只要你让老师知道你的想法，你可能会非常容易地深入了解你感兴趣的领域。Unit61、 I advocate a holistic recognition that biology and culture interpenetrate in an inextricable manner我提倡一种整体识别，以生物学和文化互相渗透的一种复杂的方式Complicate:adj.复杂的;麻烦的;2、 The romantic painting movement introduced a taste for the mysterious as well as a love of the picturesque and sublime nature.浪漫主义绘画运动引入了对神秘的品味，以及对如画自然的热爱Magnificent:adj.壮丽的;瑰丽的;伟大的，高尚的;华丽的，高贵的3、 One important feature of the period was the growth of Buddhism.Its adherents honored the Buddha in order to be reborn in his paradise.这一时期的一个重要特点是佛教的发展，它的信徒们为了获得重生而尊敬佛陀Supporters ：n.支持者，拥护者，赞助者( supporter的名词复数 )4、 As censorship was extremely strict in that period,little authentic news came out of the country.由于那个时期的审查制度非常严格，这个国家没有什么真实的消息传出。Reliable:adj.可靠的;可信赖的;真实可信的n.可靠的人5、 If a block of wood is completely immersed in water,the upward force is greater than the weight of the wood.如果一块木头完全浸入水中，向上的力大于木材的重量。Dipped :v.浸( dip的过去式和过去分词 );（把烛芯浸在融蜡里）制造（蜡烛）;把（汽车前灯）的远光调为近光;洗药水浴6、 According to Zhuangzi,a daoist philosopher of the late 4th century BC,through mystical union with the Dao the individual could transcend nature and even life and death.公元前四世纪底的道教哲学家庄子认为，通过与道的神秘结合，人可以超越自然，甚至超越生死。Surpass:vt.超过;优于;胜过;非所能办到7、 As economic growth ground to a halt,the local populations grew more and more disaffected.作为经济增长停滞，当地民众越来越不满。Resentful:adj.感到愤恨的，表示愤恨的;厌恶的;易发脾气的，易怒的8、 Capitalism was beset by cycles of”boom and bust”,period if expansion and prosperity followed by economic collapse waves of unemployment.资本主义被“繁荣与萧条”的循环所困扰，如果扩张和繁荣之后，经济崩溃的失业浪潮。De