数字转速表中英文翻译.doc

On the rotational speed table design has many available, but mostly by mechanical or simulated digital circuits to achieve. There are large in size, precision low, not visual, electronics large, less functional and sampling time, it is difficult to detect instantaneous rotational speed. As Single-chip with both small and control functions such strong characteristics ,so it widely in control applications. We want multifunctional rotational speed control system is designed to Single-chip as the core to achieve intelligent meters. It is more functional, small electronics, and visual accuracy, showing time, speed warning systems, printing, such as instant rotational speed advantage. In computer hardware and software technology development efforts, and to present such functional single, low precision, size and price of high rotational speed tables are upgrading equipment. Currently rotational speed table as a common measurement tool has many coming to market, such as mechanical ,electrical anmech-anical style, electromagnetic-type, photoelectric type. Although they are precise measurements, the use of safe, operate, but the prevailing question is a single function .In the current hardware and software to improve the precision and functions on the basis of achieving a comprehensive equipment upgrading and improving pilot skills. The introduction of new technology developed multifunctional rotational speed table ,with general rotational speed table functions, but also with other special functions. From the 1970s, the human acrospace , transport and weapons industry problems encountered difficulty in the traditional theory to solve. The need to promote the development of the productive forces in computer systems technology to develop. Accompanied by computer hardware and software rapid development of technology, master degrees in multifunctional rotational speed table, function ,performance ,and have a rapid development architecture, has been able to master a complete powerful, performance quality laser systems. Now Europe and the united States and other developed countries, laser system technology has been successfully applied to acrospace ,transportation ,ordnance industry, mechanical design, and many other areas ,has atremendous benefit, but also for traditional design testing methods have changed dramatically. this is the modern market demand for products that do not , how to improve the success rate of the initial design of the traditional design methodology is a difficult question .because of its high Single-chip master degrees, both small and anti-interference capability and affordable, unique control functions, it has become an important member of the computer world, applications in one ,only one Single-chip, which is currently the largest application form, the main application areas are:(1) . Monitoring system. Single-chip may constitute a variety of industrial control systems, adaptive systems, data acquisition systems(2) .monitoring system. Single-chip may constitute a variety of industrial control System, adaptive systems, data acquisition systems.(3) .and integration products. Single-chip combination with the traditional mechanicalProducts, mechanical products simplify system control intelligent.(4) .smart interface .in the computer control system(especially the larger industrial Monitoring and control systems),wide spread adoption Single-chip interface for the control and management of the mainframe is Single-chip parallel with the work, it has greatly enhanced system operating speed. However Single-chip application must not be limited to its broad meaning and scope of the economic benefits arising from ,more important lies in: Single-chip applications are fundamentally changing the traditional collection control system design concepts and design methods. Former circuit or digital circuit must be simulated to achieve most of the control functions can now be used Single-chip through software (programming) methods achieved. to replace hardware and software that can control technology will enhance system performance with Single-chip popularize the application of constant Development and improvement. Single-chip microcomputers for the emergence of automated instrumentation opens broad prospects. Single-chip microcomputers particular type of performance computer, size, energy, advantages, and strong computing, processing and memory storage capabilities to control components used Single-chip wisdom meters into the upgrading of industrial products and advanced technology are economic means. Maintain a peak capacity. Rotational speed changes to the memory of the greatest rotational speed values .It has a black box function .to the permanent preservation of important rotational speed data. For accident analysis, review applications , normal circumstances can provide data analysis. Amendment can be preserved to the different requirements of print intervals .Thereby speeding access to test data, a maximum speed of data anti-interference capability. On the important of a broader range of adaptive signal. Applicable to electromagnetic type, photoelectric type fluid style, and many other sensors to produce one pulse per or 60-(60)business, the meters particularly suited to the testing plant housing units rotational speed, control, similar to other mining industry uses also apply meters into measurement .display interactive ,and print several of the police. Smart devices are microprocessors at the core of electronic equipment, hardware circuit design of the components to the mastery of the principles of work, but also for its mastery of micro-computer hardware principles. Single-chip is an integrated on a single chip a complete computer system. Even though most of his features in a small chip, but it has a need to complete the majority of computer components: CPU, memory, internal and external bus system, most will have the Core. At the same time, such as integrated communication interfaces, timers, real-time clock and other peripheral equipment. And now the most powerful single-chip microcomputer system can even voice, image, networking, input and output complex system integration on a single chip. Also known as single-chip MCU (Microcontroller), because it was first used in the field of industrial control. Only by the single-chip CPU chip developed from the dedicated processor. The design concept is the first by a large number of peripherals and CPU in a single chip, the computer system so that smaller, more easily integrated into the complex and demanding on the volume control devices. INTEL the Z80 is one of the first design in accordance with the idea of the processor, From then on, the MCU and the development of a dedicated processor parted ways. Early single-chip 8-bit or all of the four. One of the most successful is INTELs 8031, because the performance of a simple and reliable access to a lot of good praise. Since then in 8031 to develop a single-chip microcomputer system MCS51 series. Based on single-chip microcomputer system of the system is still widely used until now. As the field of industrial control requirements increase in the beginning of a 16-bit single-chip, but not ideal because the price has not been very widely used. After the 90s with the big consumer electronics product development, single-chip technology is a huge improvement. INTEL i960 Series with subsequent ARM in particular, a broad range of applications, quickly replaced by 32-bit single-chip 16-bit single-chip high-end status, and enter the mainstream market. Traditional 8-bit single-chip performance has been the rapid increase in processing power compared to the 80s to raise a few hundred times. At present, the high-end 32bit single-chip frequency over 300MHz, the performance of the mid-90s close on the heels of a special processor, while the ordinary price of the model dropped to one U.S. dollars, the most highest models, only 10 U.S. dollars. Contemporary single-chip microcomputer system is no longer only the bare-metal environment in the development and use of a large number of dedicated embedded operating system is widely used in the full range of single-chip microcomputer. In PDAs and cell phones as the core processing of high-end single-chip or even a dedicated direct access to Windows and Linux operating systems. More than a dedicated single-chip processor suitable for embedded systems, so it was up to the application. In fact the number of single-chip is the worlds largest computer. Modern human life used in almost every piece of electronic and mechanical products will have a single-chip integration. Phone, telephone, calculator, home appliances, electronic toys, handheld computers and computer accessories such as a mouse in the Department are equipped with 1-2 single chip. And personal computers also have a large number of single-chip microcomputer in the workplace. Vehicles equipped with more than 40 Department of the general single-chip, complex industrial control systems and even single-chip may have hundreds of work at the same time! SCM is not only far exceeds the number of PC and other integrated computing, even more than the number of human beings. Hardware introduction The 8051 family of micro controllers is based on an architecture which is highly optimized for embedded control systems. It is used in a wide variety of applications from military equipment to automobiles to the keyboard on your PC. Second only to the Motorola 68HC11 in eight bit processors sales, the 8051 family of microcontrollers is available in a wide array of variations from manufacturers such as Intel, Philips, and Siemens. These manufacturers have added numerous features and peripherals to the 8051 such as I2C interfaces, analog to digital converters, watchdog timers, and pulse width modulated outputs. Variations of the 8051 with clock speeds up to 40MHz and voltage requirements down to 1.5 volts are available. This wide range of parts based on one core makes the 8051 family an excellent choice as the base architecture for a companys entire line of products since it can perform many functions and developers will only have to learn this one platform. The basic architecture consists of the following features: an eight bit ALU 32 descrete I/O pins (4 groups of 8) which can be individually accessed two 16 bit timer/counters full duplex UART 6 interrupt sources with 2 priority levels 128 bytes of on board RAM separate 64K byte address spaces for DATA and CODE memory. One 8051 processor cycle consists of twelve oscillator periods. Each of the twelve oscillator periods is used for a special function by the 8051 core such as op code fetches and samples of the interrupt daisy chain for pending interrupts. The time required for any 8051 instruction can be computed by dividing the clock frequency by 12, inverting that result and multiplying it by the number of processor cycles required by the instruction in question. Therefore, if you have a system which is using an 11.059MHz clock, you can compute the number of instructions per second by dividing this value by 12. This gives an instruction frequency of 921583 instructions per second. Inverting this will provide the amount of time taken by each instruction cycle (1.085 microseconds).The general wisdom equipment design steps: first, it is necessary to determine the design of the mission ,to prepare the design task sheets, equipment should have clear functions and should meet the technical requirements, design of mission statement is the basis for the design designers should strive to accurate precision and then to design programmers to develop ,at this stage, designers must make several design options ,each programme should include equipment design principles, using the technology ,the key components of performance :then to conduct a feasibility study on the programme. Including some important part of theoretical analysis and calculation, and the necessary simulation experiments ,in order to achieve certification programme can design requirements; then again into one of the options as a factor in the design of programmes to identify machines work equipment total diagram ;Finally, the hardware circuit and software debugging and circuit design and the overall tone. Software components which mainly 89C52 Single-chip hardware circuits ,laser converters, keyboard set threshold, warning circuit, and the led LCD system with the computer interface circuits. Software components including control procedures. These monitoring procedures for equipment panels keyboards and monitors, and its contents include: import and storage through keyboard operation established by the functional, operational modalities and activities of parameters ;through data collection control I/O interface circuits for equipment intended for installation; ROM of the data recorded data and various state; to figures ,characters, graphic, and other forms of state information and measurements show that the out of the process.Speed in the engineering is widely used as a parameter, there are also many methods of measurement , while the analog quantity acquisition and simulation has been the main method of speed measurement, this method has not been able to adapt the development of modern science and technology requirements, the measurement range and measurement accuracy, has not been able to satisfy the most systems use. Along with the large-scale and ultra-large-scale integrated circuit technology, digital measurement system of universal application, especially the single pulse digital signal on the powerful processing capability, making the whole digital measuring system is becoming more and more popular, the speed measurement system can also be used in digital processing. With the development of science and technology, the emergence of every hue rotation speed measuring instrument. They have different structure and different properties.At present , the world is facing a new technological revolution; one of the most important bases of the revolution is measurement. The development of measurement technology brings extensive，tremendous and profound changes to human society and all sectors of the national economy, changes the traditional industries and other emerging industries, becomes todays strongest driving force for development of human society . The encoder speed measurement system is designed to measure a different speed from the outside ，to achieve real-time speed measurement and display. Specific application use AT80C51 microcontroller as its core, rotary encoder measures real-time shaft speed, in both 8 serial Segment type LED display module display. Rotary encoder output a 4.25V, 8-bit binary natural code into the MCU processed and computed, and then look-up table converts to 10 decimal number, sent to LED display module. This speed of measurement theory to understand and grasp the principles of SCM based on the hardware design, system programming solutions proposed to build software systems to intelligent speed measurement and display functions. AT89S52 for the control of the system to the core, with optical encoder to convert the signal to the speed, the speed signal is converted to electrical pulse signal, and then to 555 timers through the Schmitt trigger shaping the pulse signal to obtain a stable party wave signal, the microcontroller calculates the current speed of operation processing by the four in one digital display. By 7805 the entire system consisting of three-terminal regulator +5VDC power supply. Decency software using C programming language, by Keil uVision4 its procedures for the preparation software. The design is completed the system design specifications, implements the Intelligent speed system speed calculation and display functions, while increasing the speed alarm start and stop buttons and two functional, completed the design requirements. Easy to use, has a high cost, practical and use value.The design requirements to the microcontroller as the center, design of digital speed measurement system, can be applied to the motor rotating speed detection and control, a vehicle odometer speedometer, etc. The design is completed the system design specifications, implements the Intelligent speed system speed calculation and display functions, while increasing the speed alarm start and stop buttons and two functional, completed the design requirements. Easy to use, has a high cost, practical and use value. 多功能转速表的应用 关于转速表的设计已经有很多可供参考,但大部分都是由机械式或模拟数字电路来实现的。 存在着体积大、精度低、不直观、功耗大、功能少，而且采样时间长，难以测得瞬时转速等缺点。 由于单片机具有体积小、控制功能强等特点,故它在控制方面得到了广泛的应用。 我们所要设计的多功能转速控制系统就是以单片机为核心来实现智能化仪表。它具有功能多,功耗小、直观准确,可显示时间、限速报警系统、打印、瞬间转速等优点。它具有功能多，功耗小，直观准确，可现实时间、限速报警系统、打印、瞬间转速等优点。在计算机硬件和软件发展的推动下，使目前国内外这类功能单一、精度地、体积大及价格高的转速表装备得到更新换代。目前转速表作为一种通用测量工具，已有多种形式面世，如：机械式、机电式、电磁式、光电式等。尽管他们大都测量精确，使用安全，操作简单，但普遍存在的问题是功能单一，在如今的硬件和软件的精度和功能全面提高的基础上实现了设备的更新换代，提高了实验技术水平。采用新技术研制开发的多功能转速表除具有一般功能表的功能外，还有另外的特殊功能。 从70年代起，人类在航空航天，交通运输及兵器工业上所遇到的问题难以用传统的理论来解决。生产力的发展的需要促使计算机系统技术得以发展。同时伴随着电子计算机软件和硬件技术的飞速发展，多功能转速表在集成度，功能、性能、体系结构发展都有了飞速发展，已经集成一个完整的功能强大，性能优良的测速系统。现在欧美等发达国家，测速系统的技术已成功地应用的航空航天，交通运输、兵器工业、机械设计等多各领域，以产生巨大的效益，同时也使传统的设计试验方法发生了巨大变化。这与现代市场对产品的需求很不适应，如何提高初次设计的成公共率是传统设计方法的一个难题。单片机由于其集成度高、体积小、抗干扰能力强和价格低廉、具有独特的控制功能，它已经成为计算机世界中的重要成员。在一个应用系统中，只用一个单片机，这是目前应用最多的方式，主要应用领域有： （1).测控系统。用单片机可构成各种工业控制系统、自适应系统、数据采集系统等。 (2).智能仪表。用单片机改造原有的测量、控制仪表，能迥数字化、智能化、多功能化、综合化、柔性化发展。 (3).机电一体化产品。单片机与传统的机械产品结合，使系统机械产品结构简化，控制智能化。 (4).智能接口。在计算机控制系统（特别是较大型的工业测控系统）中，普遍采用单片机进行接口的控制与管理，因单片机与主机是并行工作，故大大提高了系统的运行速度。 (5).智能民用产品。在家用电器、玩具、游戏机、声像设备、电子秤、收银机、办公设备等产品中引入单片机，不仅使产品的功能大大增强，而且获得了良好的使用效果。但是单片机应用的意义决不仅限于它的广泛范围以及所带来的经济效益上，更重要的意义还在于：单片机的应用从根本上改变着传统的控制系统设计思想和设计方法。从前必须由模拟电路或数字电路实现的大部分控制功能，现在已能使用单片机通过软件（编程序）方法实现了。这种以软件取代硬件并能提高系统性能的控制技术必将随