21世纪第二册一课一练答案.doc

21世纪大学英语第二册 Unit 1 Text A： Winston Churchill His Other LifeI. Text-related Information1. Winston ChurchillChurchill, one of the greatest people in British history, was a famous statesman, orator and writer. During World War II he showed his outstanding leadership. He held various posts in the government, including First Lord of the Admiralty, Chancellor of the Exchequer, and Prime Minister. He wrote very excellent worksThe World Crisis, The Second World War and A History of the English-Speaking peoples. He won Nobel Prize for Literature in 1953.2. the AdmiraltyThe Admiralty, or the Admiralty Board was the executive department of the British Ministry of Defence formerly responsible for the administration and planning of the British Royal Navy.3. World War IThe war, which lasted from 1914 to 1918, was fought mainly in Europe and the Middle East, in which the Allies- principally France, Russia, Britain, Italy after 1915, and the US after 1917-defeated the Central Powers - principally Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Turkey. Millions died in static trench warfare. After the October Revolution in 1917, the Bolsheviks ended Russian participation in the war on Dec. 15, 1917. The exhausted Central Powers agreed to sign an armistice on Nov. 11, 1918 and quickly gave in to internal revolution, before being forced to sign the treaty of Versailles on June 18, 1919 and other treaties.4. World War IIThe war lasted from 1939 to 1945, in which the Allies- Britain and France- declared war on Germany on Sept. 3,1939 as a result of the German invasion of Poland on Sept. 1, 1939. Italy entered the war on the side of Germany and formed the Axis on June 10, 1940 shortly before the collapse of France and the signing o9f the armistice on June 22, 1940. On June 22,1941 the Axis powers attacked the former Soviet Union, and on Dec.7, 1941 the Japanese attacked the Us at Pearl Harbor. Italy surrendered on Sept. 8,1943, and the war in Europe ended on May 7, 1945 with the unconditional surrender of the Germans. The Japanese capitulated on Aug. 14, 1945 shortly after the dropping of atom bombs by the Americans on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.II. New Words and Key Phrases 1. campaign- n. 1) a series of planned military actions eg. The Germans were defeated in the campaign in North Africa. The desert campaign was won only with tanks and armoured vehicles. 2) a planned series of activities, esp. in politics and business eg. The election campaign was already in full wing. 2. disaster- n. sudden great misfortune eg. The loss of 100 lives in the aircraft crash was a great disaster. The election result will bring political disaster. 3. retreat - n. a place into which one can go for peace and safety eg. He has gone to a retreat to pray.v.move back or leave a center of fighting or other activity eg. The enemy retreated after heavy losses. After a weeks work I like to retreat to the country to relax. 4. rescue - v. or n. help sb. out of a dangerous or unpleasant situation eg. The fireman rescued three children from the burning house. The government has rescued the firm from bankruptcy by giving them grant. A rescue team are trying to reach the trapped miners. 5. magic- n. art of controlling events by the pretended use of supernatural forces eg. The magician thrilled the audience with his feats of magic. The fairys magic changed the brothers into swans. The magic of her smile made him fall in love with her at first sight. 6. infinite - adj. extremely great in degree or amount; without limits or end eg. Learning to fish requires infinite patience. Mans desire for fame and wealth is infinite. 7. plunge - v. rush suddenly and deeply into sth. eg. The soldier plunged into the water to save the old woman. The company plunged deeper into debt. The whole country was then plunged into the economic crisis. 8. overcome- v. take control and influence ones behavior eg. She was overcome by fear. We were all overcome with despair facing such a terrible situation. 9. amateur - n. or adj. not professional eg. He is just an amateur in acting. She is getting another amateur company to play her plays. Your performance is too amateur. 10. awaken- v. 1) cause to become conscious of eg. We must awaken the people to the dangers facing our country. During the 1930s Churchill tried to awaken the British people to the need for rearmament. 2) cause to wake up A terrible knocking on the door awakened her. The old man was awakened by the singing of birds in the trees. 11. pay the price- experience sth. unpleasant because one has done sth. wrong, made a mistake etc. eg. In the long run we all have to pay the price of our follies. 12. chance upon - meet or find by chance eg. On our vacation we chanced upon an interesting antique store. 13. plunge into - begin to do sth. suddenly; enter with hesitation eg. The thief plunged into the crowd and disappeared from sight. 14. take refuge - seek protection from danger or unhappiness eg. He often takes refuge from unpleasant reality by drinking. 15. fall from office - lose a position of authority or leave office eg. The country was in difficult time when the President fell from office. 16. awaken to - cause to become conscious of eg. We must awaken ourselves to the new challenges of the present world. 17. keep sb. company- stay with sb. so that she or he is not alone eg. I stay here just to keep you company, or I might have gone long ago. III. Language Points1. My father began his love affair with painting in his 40s, amid disastrous circumstances.- My father developed a great liking for painting when he was over forty years old, a time when things were extremely unfavorable for him.love affair - romance between two people who love each other but who are not married to each other; great enthusiasm or liking (for sth.)Examples:The girls love affair with the old man worries her parents.She started her love affair with ballet when she was only eight.Amid -prep. (when sth. happens or exists amid a lot of other things, it happens or exists)at the same time of; amongExamples:The government collapsed amid budget quarrels.The debate took place amid a mood of growing political tension.Amid all the bushes stood a lonely tree.2. that could have shortened the course of a bloody world war.- which, if victorious, could have brought a quick end to the cruel World War I.Some people in the Allies had believed that the Dardanelles campaign would be victorious and would bring a quick end to World War I, but , unfortunately, the campaign failed.3. But when the missions failed, Churchill paid the price, both publicly and privately.- But the campaign was lost, and Churchill suffered for its loss, both as a government officer and as an ordinary person.mission - n. an important job sb. is went to do in another place, esp. for a military or political purposeExamples:He was immediately sent to Paris. His mission was to negotiate a cease-fire.He was on a dangerous mission behind the enemy lines.price - n. what must be given, done, or undergone to obtain or compensate for sth.Examples:We paid a heavy price for the victory, for we lost 10,000 soldiers.This is a small price to pay for independence.4. overwhelm - v. make (sb.) feel completely helpless, astonished, or embarrassed; overpower the thoughts, emotions, or senses of (sb.)Examples: He was overwhelmed by the intensity of her love.Fear overwhelmed me.At the age of forty, he was overwhelmed with work, illness and family problems.5. The muse of painting came to my rescue.- The goddess of painting helped me when I was in difficulty.go/come to the ( or sbs) rescue - help sb. when they are in danger or difficultyExamples:They went to the rescue of the drowning man.We were about to close down the business, but the bank came to our rescue.I was embarrassed as I couldnt remember his name; fortunately Mary came to my rescue.6. try ones hand ( at doing sth.) - try a new activity to test ones ability; make an inexperienced attemptExamples:After she lost her job, she thought shed try her hand at writing a novel.I tried my hand at roller-skating last weekend and found it was much fun.He tried his hand at repairing the bicycle, but without much success.7. the muse worked her magic- the goddess ( of painting) had a charming effect; the artof painting fascinated him8. He contemplated the blank whiteness of his first canvas with unaccustomed nervousness- He looked thoughtfully at the unmarked white new canvas on which he was going to paint the first time in his life with a nervous feeling that was unusual for himcontemplate - v. look at (sth.) f or a long time in a quiet and very thoughtful way; gaze atExamples: She lay back on the grass to contemplate the high, blue sky.The afternoon passed by as he contemplated the waves at the seashore.9. , and with infinite precaution made a mark on the snow-white field- and with utmost care (I) touched and left a very small mark on the snow-white surface of the canvasfield - n. surface on which sth. is drawn; background 10. before sb. knows it - (informal English, used to say that sth. will happen very soon) very quickly and suddenly Examples: Wed better set off or it will be dark before we know it. I was taken up to the top floor in the lift before I knew it. 11. I fell upon my wretched victim with wild fury. - I began to paint on my canvas with great force. A wretched victim is an unfortunate person who suffers as a result of unpleasant actions or circumstances, such as one killed in a war. Churchill compared his efforts in learning painting to attacks in a battle and thought of the canvas as his wretched victim. fall upon/ on - attack suddenly and violently Examples: Terrorists were falling upon men and women in the street. The robbers fell on him from behind the trees.12. In painting, Churchill had discovered a companion with whom he was to walk for the greater part of his life. - Churchill had discovered that painting was a companion with whom he was going to spend most of his life. walk - v. follow a certain course or way of life13. Overcome by grief, Winston took refuge at the home of friends in Scotland - and in his painting. - Overwhelmed by sorrow, Winston found a place at the home of friends in Scotland and, moreover, a distraction in painting, in which he might feel less about the grief over the death of his daughter.14. Historians have called the decade after 1929, when Winston again fell from office, his barren years. In the sentence, the phrase “his barren years” serves as the object complement to the verb “call”, while the clause “when Winston again fell from office” is appositive to the object “the decade after 1929”. barren - a. not producing any successful results; not achieving anything of value office - n. an important job or position of authority in the government or an organization Examples: The President holds office for four years. Less than three weeks after the Labour Party took office, an economic crisis developed.15. , but artistically those years bore abundant fruit: of the 500-odd Churchill canvases in existence, roughly half date from 1930 to 1939. - , but in painting, Churchill did a lot: over 500 of his pictures are now in existence, of which about half were painted from 1930 to 1939. bear fruit - have good or successful result or effects Examples: Our careful investments were finally bearing fruit. The use of machines to do the work that used to be done by hand has borne fruit in the form of greatly increased profits. His efforts finally bore fruit and permission was granted. odd - a. ( used after a number) with some extra; or so Examples: We first met twenty odd years ago. That money will help six hundred odd children to attend school. date (from) - v. belong to a particular time; start; exist (from) Examples: The architecture dates as far back as 1830. The tradition dated from / back to medieval times. IV. Grammar Focus1. Past participial phrase used as adverbialDrillProcedures:1) Explain that a past participial phrase, usually that of a transitive verb, can function as An adverbial modifying the main verb of the sentence to indicate cause, time, condition, concession, etc. Examples:Overwhelmed by the disaster, he retired with his family to a country retreat in Surrey.Greatly interested, Bens father began to ask him how to play this computer game.Given better attention, these flowers could have grown better.2) Ask Ss to drill the pattern orally by changing adverbial clauses into past participial phrases in the following sentences.Examples:a) Because I was impressed by their quality, I decided to place a big order for the products.Impressed by their quality, I decided to place a big order for the products.b) After the liquid is heated for about two9 minutes, it will change from yellow to green.Heated for about two minutes, the liquid will change fr4om yellow to green.c) If the engine is supplied with correct fuel, it can run smoothly and efficiently.Supplied with correct fuel, the engine can run smoothly and efficiently.d) Although Gandhi was beaten by the police and sent to jail, he stuck to hisprinciple of nonviolent resistance.Beaten by the poli8ce and sent to jail, Gandhi stuck to his principle of nonviolentresistance.2. The adverb so used for emphasis and agreementProcedures:1) Tell Ss that so can be used after a clause or statement, and before a subject and auxiliary verb, to express strong emphasis or agreement with that clause or statement. Examples:I said I would come, and so I will.“Youve forgotten your hat.” - “Ah, yes, so I have.”“The phone isnt working.” - “So I see.”2) Compare this use with the of so to mean “likely” or “also” in saying that some-thing which has just been said about one person or thing is also true of another, usu. followed by “auxiliary verb+subject” in the inverted word order.Examples:His shoes are brightly polished; so is his suitcase.John buys his drinks at the local supermarket, so do lots of people.He plays golf well, so does his brother. 3) Do Structure Ex. VIII. attached to the text.21世纪大学英语第二册Unit 2Text A: Why They ExcelWarm-up activity:There are quite a few successful Chinese Americans in the U.S. They excel in fields like physics, architecture, computer, politics and so on. Arouse the students interest by asking them whom they know about.Ask Ss if they know about any successful Chinese Americans in the U.S. and name some of them and explain why they are successful.Sum up the discussion and introduce the text.Text-related information:U.S. immigration laws against Asians Asians overseas migration has been limited by both natural and artificial factors. The Chinese, earliest to arrive, and the Japanese were long victims of racial discrimination. Asians difference in color and culture and their willingness to work for unusually low wages aroused the resentment of the white working class, who feared competition for scarce employment. The result was the discriminatory laws that limited and excluded the Asian immigrants from the U.S. The Chinese Exclusive Act in 1882 suspended Chinese immigration for 10 years. In 1965, a law was passed to allow immigrants form Asia to the U.S. and the number of Asian immigrants has increased significantly ever since.2. ConfucianismConfucianism is the major system of thought in China, developed from the teachings of Confucius and his followers, and concerned with the principles of good conduct, practical wisdom, and proper social relationships. Confucianism has influenced the Chinese attitude toward life, set the patterns of living and standards of social values, and provided the background for Chinese political theories and institutions. It has spread from China to Korea, Japan, and Vietnam and has aroused interest among Western scholars. The principles of Confucianism are contained in the nine ancient Chinese works known as the five Classics and the four Books.Protestant philosophyProtestant of puritan philosophy is the value system of many protestants, which has influenced the capitalist society of the West. The philosophy includes belief in rational control of nature, active participation in society and individual hard work, thrift, discipline, self-improvement and responsibility. Unlike other religions that tend to prefer passive acceptance of nature and society, stress community and undervalue work, Protestants hold the view that man has free will to improve his condition. Language Points:1. Excel-v. (at/in) be the best or better than others 胜过他人Examples:He excels at long-