快电子相对论效应.docx

一、 能量定标E/MeV1.171.330.6620.184CHi53661231088由最小二乘法可设：E=bCH+a带入上述数据可求得： a=-0.01224b=0.002196有： E=2.196CH-12.2410-3 MeV 二、 测量与实验电子动能将试验数据CH带入能量定标曲线，可求得由探测器最终测得的电子动能：i12345678CH137234340427553669784858E2/MeV0.2886060.5016150.7343870.9254371.2021291.4568611.7093971.871899下表为电子穿过220m铝箔膜时动能的修正，利用内插法：E1/MeVE2/MeVE1/MeVE2/MeV0.360.251.2861.20.4040.31.3331.250.5950.51.5361.450.640.551.5831.50.790.71.7871.70.840.751.8341.750.9880.91.9361.851.0390.951.9911.9E11-E13E21-E23=E12-E13E22-E23E12=E13E21-E22+E11E22-E23E21-E23求得E1E2/MeV0.2890.5020.7340.9251.2021.4571.7091.872E1/MeV0.3940.5960.8241.0141.2881.5421.7961.960下表为电子穿过有机塑料膜时动能的修正，同上利用内插法：Ek/MeVE1/MeV0.3820.3650.5810.5710.7770.770.9730.9661.1731.1661.3671.361.5671.5571.7521.747Ek2=Ek3E11-E12+Ek1E12-E13E11-E13E1/MeV0.3940.5960.8241.0141.2881.5421.7961.960Ek/MeV0.4100.6060.8311.0211.2951.552/电子动能实验值：p=12xeB pc=12xeBc x=xi-x0 x0=9.80 cmi12345678xi/cm18.5920.6823.1425.4228.2830.8833.7635.80x/cm8.7910.8813.3415.6218.4821.0823.9626.00pc/MeV0.8241.0201.2511.4641.7331.9762.2462.438三、 理论电子动能与偏差理论上，可由： Ek=pc2+0.5112-0.511计算得： pc理=Ek+0.5112-0.5112i=pc理-pcpc理100%i123456Ek/MeV0.4100.6060.8311.0211.2951.552pc理/MeV0.7660.9931.2411.4441.7321.999i7.02%2.61%0.74%1.38%0.02%1.15%若考虑经典情况，电子动能与动量之间关系应为：Ek=pc经220.511则对应的： pc经=Ek20.511i=pc经-pcpc经100%i123456Ek/MeV0.4100.6060.8311.0211.2951.552pc经/MeV0.6470.7870.9221.0211.1501.260i27.31%29.60%35.68%43.36%50.60%56.91%四、 电子动能与动量的关系曲线电子动量的实验值、理论值与经典值与测量动能的关系如下表i123456Ek/MeV0.4100.6060.8311.0211.2951.552pc/MeV0.8241.0201.2511.4641.7331.976pc理/MeV0.76