SAT语法知识点集合.doc

SAT语法隶属于写作部分，由三部分构成：ISE(Identifying Sentence Errors), IS(ImprovingSentences)和IP(Improving Paragraphs)。分值分布是：ISE-18道，IS-25道，IP-6道，其中的IS和IP部分是新的题型，在国内的考试和国外常见的考试里都没有见到过，也是很多考生提高成绩的瓶颈之处。这种新的题型一般以一个长句作为一个最小单位，句子或句子的部分画线，针对画线部分给出了五个选项，其中选项A是原画线部分，BCDE对A做了修改，要求考生在五个选项中选出最正确和最简洁的。这种题型的特点是：正确性，简洁性，最佳性。正确的选项要力求兼顾以上三点：可能五个选项都是正确的，但是要选出最简洁的；可能不止一个选项是简洁的，但是要选择最佳的。这就突破了传统考试中以正确来评判的标准，再加上语法试题中单词难道大，句子长且复杂，更加重了难度！其实，这种考试的知识面是很险隘的，出题也是很有规律的，只要能掌握其基本出题规律和常错原则，加以适当地练习，语法部分应该是整张SAT试卷中最简单的部分。以下，笔者就其在SAT教学中总结出来的知识点和规律做以总结，以期能帮助广大考生突破SAT语法部分的瓶颈。常考语法体系：1、主谓一致。尤其用于倒装时，比如therebe句型或地点状语至于句首，要找到真正的主语；有插入语时，要勇敢的抛弃非中心部分，找到真正的主语；主谓一致还会出现在一些固定用法中，但是一般比较简单，比如neither nor或者not only but also等等。2、 逻辑主语，当分词或者形容词放在句首，一定要考虑它的主语问题。3、 时态的混用，常出的错误是：have过去式，过去完成时和一般过去式混用，现在完成时和一般过去式的混用。4、 名词和代词，常常名词单复数混淆，男女混淆，主格宾格混淆；也会在their、it和they之间指代不明；关于指代，跨段之间不能指代，it不能指代整个句子，只能指代一个名词或动作，one和they不能相互指代，one和you也不能相互指代；this不能单独充当主语和宾语。5、 同类比较，只有同类的东西才能用于as well as和than句型。EG：The population of China is larger than that of America.6、 adj和adv的混用：adj修饰名词，adv可以修饰除名词外的大部分词。Adj和adv两者之间用比较级，三者或三者以上用最高级。7、 句子结构上，“，”不能连接两个句子，“；”等于and，必须连接两个句子；且一个长句中，谓语动词和连接词的数目要平衡。Tips：1、 having，being放在句中是错误的，放在句首是正确的。2、 ones doing sth是个复杂的表达方式。The doing of sth也没有doing sth简洁。3、 表示原因的时候，because是最简洁的表达方式，比because of要简洁。4、 that省略的唯一条件，在从句中做宾语或表语。5、 which、who和whom之后要接上缺主语、宾语或表语的句子。6、 no和not的固定搭配和基本用法。7、 原文中没有的单词（尤其是表示转折、因果的关系词），在选项中出现了，就是改变句意了；同理，原文中已经有的关系，在选项中被省略了，也是改变句意。8、 比较级和than要同存同亡。9、 whether or not可以而if or not是不对的。10、 adjving/vedadv Im careful reading it. Im reading it carefully.以上是SAT语法部分中常用的做题技巧，考生们在仔细研究以上技巧之后，要进行至少五套题的训练，才能熟练运用以上技巧，真正突SAT语法改错题属于SAT写作部分，是必考的三种题型之一。为了应对这种题型，大家在备考的过程中一定要掌握一些SAT语法改错题常见的错误类型。下面为大家搜集整理的就是在SAT语法改错题中最常见的一些错误，供大家参考借鉴。1、 having，being放在句中是错误的，放在句首是正确的。2、 ones doing sth是个复杂的表达方式。The doing of sth也没有doing sth简洁。3、 表示原因的时候，because是最简洁的表达方式，比because of要简洁。4、 that省略的唯一条件，在从句中做宾语或表语，这个关于句子结构方面的语法问题在SAT语法改错题中非常常见。5、 which、who和whom之后要接上缺主语、宾语或表语的句子。6、 no和not的固定搭配和基本用法-最基本的就是no+名词，not+形容词。7、 比较级和than要同存同亡。8、 whether or not可以而if or not是不对的。9、形容词和副词的位置。adj+ving/ved+adv Im careful reading it. Im reading it carefully.10、 No Error以上是SAT语法改错常见错误的全部内容，都是大家在平时会用到的最经典的语法项目。大家在备考SAT语法改错题的时候，重点一定要放在最常用的，最合乎逻辑的这两个方面，这样才能更加顺利的解答SAT语法改错题相关题目。破这一瓶颈！1.在SAT语法考试中，yet做连词，连接两个具有意义的句子，也可不做连词，但是一般要放在否定句中。2.在SAT中，当对一本书，一幅画或某件艺术作品的内容进行解释时，倾向于使用定语从句的主要动词用一般现在时，表示一种状态。3.在SAT语法中，主动语态优于被动语态，除了固定搭配中的被动语态。(当report，believe，claim，estimate，find，know，assume动作发出者是人时，该条不适用。)直接表达比间接更为简洁。E.g. there be it is.4.where本身就是介词加which的简化，所以where前不可加介词，这一点是很多考生都没有掌握的SAT语法答题技巧。5.having done只能放在句首表原因(doing可以放在句末表示解释或者结果)，一旦看到having done不在句首可以认为是错的。.在SAT语法答题的过程中，一定要记得，what，where本身就是介词加which的简化，所以之前不可加介词。2.having done只能放在句首表原因(doing可以放在句末表示解释或者结果)，一旦看到having done不在句首可以认为是错的。3.动词优于动名词，动名词优于名词。4.not only,but also中also可忽略，可不必与but紧连，不可置于句末(平行结构)。But also常错为and also。5.in addition不放句末，置于句首。6.凡是SAT中有nor出现时，前面必有neither或者not(平行结构)7.平行结构要使词性与形式保持平行一致。平行结构最后一个成分之前必定有一个连词and，or，neither，nor，或者as well as。平行结构A，B and C中一定是由and连接。为了不产生歧义可以重复使用介词，介词平行优于简洁。平行结构是SAT语法答题技巧中一定要掌握的，因为一般在SAT语法考试中，平行结构被称为送分题。以上就是关于SAT 语法答题技巧的全部信息，共有7个，涉及到了很多细小的SAT语法考点。大家在备考SAT语法考试的时候，可以根据自己的实际情况对上面的SAT语法答题技巧进行练习，以便更有可能取得SAT语法高分。SAT语法改错题，即识别一个句子当中四个下划线里语法有错误的选项，第五个选项放在句后：NO ERROR，选择这个选项即认为这个句子没有语法错误。比如：A number(A) of horticultural arts, including(B) bonsai and ikebana, began(C) in(D) Japan. NO ERROR(E)这道题目里面就没有任何的语法错误，所以答案应该选择E。而且大家要注意E成为答案的概率是很高的，基本上可以占到20%，所以大家确实找不到错误时要敢于选E.下面我们就来看一下SAT语法改错题常考知识点有哪些。1.动词动词里面主要考三个知识点：主谓搭配一致;平行结构;时态语态一致。主谓搭配一致主要就是指谓语的单复数要和它所对应的主语的单复数一致。比如有这么一道题：The existence of consistent rules are(A) important if(B) a teacher wants to run (C) a classroom efficiently(D).NO ERROR(E)很明显这道题目当中主语是一个A of B结构The existence of consistent rules，这种结构的中心词应该是前面一个词A即existence,它是单数，而后面的谓语动词却是复数are，所以主谓搭配不一致了，答案应该选 A.再请看下面一道题：Like every other(A) sociological system, the commune has(B) a way of functioning that may be easily upset(C), either slightly or extreme(D). NO ERROR(E)这道题目所考察的就是平行结构，因为either or所紧连接的两个词在语法功能和时态结构上应该保持一致，前面是副词slightly，所以后面也应该是副词extremely.答案选D.时态和语态一致即指前后的时态和主被动的语态应该保持一致，比如：Many(A) biographers had stated(B) that Samuel Langhorne Clemens changed(C) his name to Mark Twain to echo the riverboat captains call ascertaining the safe navigation(D) depth of the Mississippi River. NO ERROR(E)很明显这句话的主句应该是用一般过去时而不应该是过去完成时，所以答案应该选B,将had去掉。2.名词SAT语法改错中，名词主要是考察名词的单复数错误。Although(A) they have(B) radically different career plans, Luna and Gabriei both(C) hope to be a Michigan State graduates(D) one day. NO ERROR(E)这道题目的D前面用了不定冠词a,后面又出现了一个复数形式graduates，所以明显是错误的。3.介词介词主要是考固定搭配。比如看这么一道题目：Wanda implored(A) Marco not to be jealous over(B) her work; she explained that because(C) she liked both Marco and her job, he would have to share(D). NO ERROR(E)我们知道固定搭配应该是be jealous of,所以jealous后面的介词应该是of而不应该是over,答案选B.4.代词代词的考点有很多，比如主客体和所有格的混淆，代词与所替代的名词应该一致，不能够指代不清等等，在这里我们选两道难题看一下：Because(A) a basketball scout from the university was in(B) the bleachers, Kurts coach knew that it(C) was essential for him(D) to play well during the final game against their schools arch-rival. NO ERROR(E)这道题目大家看出什么问题了吗?如果以前没有接触过此类题的话可能会有些难度。大家发现这道题目里面出现了两个人，Kurt和他的教授，而D选项这个him即可以指代Kurt也可以指代他的教授，这就犯了指代不明的错误，所以答案应该选D.我们再看一道难题：One should use(A) parchment paper while(B) baking cookies because(C) the cookies wont stick to this lining and you(D) wont have to scrub the pan. NO ERROR(E)这是一道比较难的题目，一般托福里面是不考这个考点的，不过大家掌握了以后也比较简单。同学们以后要记住，在sat的语法当中是不允许one和 you同时出现的，因为它们一个是第二人称，一个是第三人称，不能用来指代同一事物。所以凡在语法中，如果一道题目中one和you同时出现了，含有 one或you的这个选项必错。以上就是关于SAT语法改错题常考的知识点内容，都是对基本的语法知识点的梳理。大家可以按照上面所列的这些知识点在备考中进行更加集中式的复习，以便取得更好的成绩。having，being放在句中是错误的，放在句首是正确的。2、 ones doing sth是个复杂的表达方式。The doing of sth也没有doing sth简洁。3、 表示原因的时候，because是最简洁的表达方式，比because of要简洁。4、 that省略的唯一条件，在从句中做宾语或表语，这个关于句子结构方面的语法问题在SAT语法改错题中非常常见。5、 which、who和whom之后要接上缺主语、宾语或表语的句子。6、 no和not的固定搭配和基本用法-最基本的就是no+名词，not+形容词。7、 比较级和than要同存同亡。8、 whether or not可以而if or not是不对的。9、形容词和副词的位置。adj+ving/ved+adv Im careful reading it. Im reading it carefully.10、 No ErrorISE考固定搭配，平均每次18道题中会考到2道，绝大部分犯了Wrong Prepositions的错误。 固定搭配近年来有弱化的趋势，难度明显降低，在课上给大家看过数据统计。即便如此，这依然是很多考生最薄弱和惧怕的考点。由于SAT语法是考查clear and logical writting rahter than a dozen grammatical rules, 所以考到的搭配也均是生活中常见的，所以没有必要大规模的去背。再加上有些搭配不仅出现一次，所以总结考过的搭配就至关重要。以下表格是所有真题和OG的ISE中出现的所有搭配，有些在题目中以正确形式出现也总结在此，防止以后会出题。重复出现多次的搭配也呈现在表格中。当然，任何考试的高分技巧都是提升自己的综合水平，做100套题，远远不如精读10本英文原著。因此，此贴只作为考前应急贴，希望考生在摆脱SAT的折磨后，能全面充实自己。方法啊、技巧啊，在实力面前就显得苍白无力了，切记！年月搭配2005.3decide to dohave a tendency to docondemn as2005.1work to doin the hope ofinconsistent with2006.1be unique tokeep pace withcontribute tosucceed inmistrust(n) of2006.5be obsessed withcall foropposite to = facing;opposite of = completely differentbe particular about2006.1think it adj to dobe/become capable of2007.1arrive in/atoffer(n) of; offer(v)sth for sbchange wirh2007.5differ fromin hopes of2007.1on the verge ofadvocate(n) of/for2008.1on the diagnosis ofbe known to be/as 都正确impact onin the aftermath of2008.5A is familiar to B(B熟悉A)A is familiar with B (A熟B或互熟)use sth to do2008.1find it adj to dorespond tohave a tendency to do2009.1not onlybut alsoadvocate(v) doingin order to doprevent from/deter fromleavetobe used to do2009.5be incapable oflimit sb to doingbe determined to doon the grounds of 因为2009.1collaborate withbe unique todemand forbe set innot onlybut also2010.1be composed ofresembalance tobe willing to dodiffer from2010.5emphasis on2010.1as a consequence ofnot onlybut also2011.1blend withinterest inbe responsible for2011.5condemn asOG4preoccupation withevolve fromOG5impatient withdebate overhow to dobecome accessible tobe accustomed toobject touse sth to dobe sensitive to doingbe familiar toOG6be necessary to/forthreat totake pride inresult from/inattribute toOG7be regarded asuse sth to docontribute toOG8prefer toprotest againstfar from 远非；far away from 实际距离远OG9inconsistent withcommit to doingOG10be engaged in doingbe responsible formake it adj to do1.到现在还不知道什么是ISE的小盆友先使劲抽自己一下2.看了10年10月的真题后，发现ISE又从OG的难题中出题了，再次让我认识到OG 和真题同等重要！3. 大部分5、6月考试的同学现在都处于做完OG，还没怎么做真题的状态，正好现在检验一下你OG是否真的做透了。把这30道题打印出来做，错5个以内合格！(万一全错也不悲催，多做几遍就行啦)。认真对答案,很多时候你都是糊里糊涂做对的，只是你不知道自己依然在云里雾里。4. 这都是大家出错率和询问度最高的题目，大部分课上讲过，不懂查那本给你留下难忘回忆的OG吧5.近期我会随着大家的复习进度发相关日志，敬请关注！搞定OG后你就可以开始做真题了，这半个月先做完06-08的，别忘了06.10/07.1/07.5是OG的Test1-Test31. As heeagerly(A)awaited the interviewfor(B)the job, Miguelthought it wise(C)suppressing(D)his nervousness and to display a calm he did not feel.No Error (E)（409.16）2. The derelict old houseacross from(A) the warehouses and theeven more(B)decrepit onejust beside(C)themhave been placed(D)on the list of historic landmarks.No Error (E)(410.24)3.As(A)their brainsmature neurologically(B), infants become more capableto distinguish(C)the shapes and texture of the objectsaround them(D).No Error (E)(410.25)4.There is(A)probably no(B)storymore dramatic(C)than baseballs(D)great hitter and right fielder, Hank Aaron.No Error (E)(410.29)5. Mediators were standing by, preparedto intervene in(A)the labor disputeeven though(B)both sideshad refused(C)earlier offersfor(D)assistance.No Error (E)(472.26)6. An amateur potterherself(A), the accountant offeredto help(B)the artist with his business accounts, complicatedas they were(C)by(D)his unusual system of record keeping.No Error (E)(472.29)7. Mr. Johnsons assumption that a teenager had robbed his housebeing unfounded(A),for(B)the witnesses described the person theyhad seen(C)fleeing asa women(D)in her 40s.No Error (E)(533.14)8.During(A)mymost recent(B)trip, Icame across(C)a wonderful antique storewandering(D)in the old quarter of the city.No Error (E)(533.16)9. Mr.Kovak proudly displayedher research groups(A)most ingenious invention(B), a vacuum cleanerthat empties its own(C)dust bag whenpressing a button(D).No Error (E)(534.21)10. A volunteer organization the Covington Soup Kitchenhas been feeding(A)needy familiessince（B）1977, annually distributingnearly(C)a million pounds of foodeach year(D).No Error (E)(535.29)11. The labor unionis negotiating(A)a contract with the hospitalthat(B)will satisfy(C)the demands of the workers andbe acceptable to(D)all levels of management.No Error (E)(601.13)12.Along(A)the curve of islands known as the Florida Keyslies(B)a reef of living coral,the only one(B)ofa kind(D)in the continental United States.No Error (E)(601.16)13.Since some(A)people areconvinced that(B)dowsing, a method of finding underground water with a Y-shaped stick, is effective, but others condemn the procedureas(C)mere superstition(D).No Error (E)(602.24)14. The quality of multivitamin tabletsis determined(A)byhow long(B)its(C)potencycan be protected(D)by the manufacturers coating material.No Error (E)(602.28)15. No oneobjects to(A)his company, even though he has made insulting remarksabout(B) almost every(C)member of thegroup, when(D)he is a remarkably witty man. No Error (E)(658.17)16. Although the politician wasinitially(A)very sensitive tobe criticized(B)by the press, hequickly became(C)more confident aboutresponding to(D)reporters sometimes pointed question.No Error (E)(659.22)17. The decline in science education during the periodhad(A)two causes: lessfunding for(B)scientific researchwith a decrease(C)in jobsrelated to(D)space and defense. No Error (E)(659.25)18.Because they(A)painted scenes of life as ordinary peoplelived it(B),rather than(C)scenes from myths, many nineteenth-century American artists differedfrom earlier times(D).No Error (E)(720.14)19. The young fishwere(A)very tiny, yet each ofthem ate(B)many timesits(C)ownweight in(D)solid food every day.No Error (E)(720.16)20. Forwe(A)students, concern aboutimpending(B)tuition hikes was evenmore acute than(C)apprehension about(D)final exams. No Error (E)(721.27)21. Thoughbest known(A)as a jazz vocalist, healso enjoyed(B)gospel music,whereby(C)he told his manager that he wanted to make arecording of(D)his favorite gospel songs. No Error (E)(776.18)22. In 1850 Jim Beckwourth, a Black American explorer,discovered（A）in the(B)mountains of the Sierra Nevada a passsoon becoming(C)an importantgateway to(D)California gold-rush country. No Error (E)(777.20)23. The Mount Isa mine complex isone of(A)the most highly mechanized(B)in the world,plus being(C)the largest single(D)industrial enterprise in Queensland.No Error (E)(777.22)24. Some of the workerswho resent(A)the supervisors authoritywould probably(B)feel uncomfortableif(C)they were to acquire the independence thatthey demand(D).No Error (E)(839.22)25. Professors Chen repeatedher point that(A)the hero, ifgiven(B)the chanceto relivethe moment, would choose todo it(D). No Error (E)(839.26)26. The tribal councils program familiarized young peoplewith(A)Cherokee history,taught them（B）tribal traditions, andthey had(C)theopportunity to(D)learn skills used by ancient artists.No Error (E)(895.22)27. Faraway from(A)having been a diehard conservative,Hoover was(B), some scholarsnow contend(C), the leading progressiveof his day(D).No Error (E)(895.24)28. At the heart of the program,enthusiastically endorsed(A)by the citys business association,is(B)plans for refurbishing neighborhoodsand for making(C)low-interest mortgagesavailable to(D)young families .No Error (E)(956.12)29.Something of(A)a phenomenonin(B)the entertainment world, political satiristsare admired(C)by conservatives and radicalsalike(D).No Error (E)(957.23)30. Delgados dilemma waslike many other(A)young writers: hehad to choose(B)between assured publication in a student magazineand(C)probable rejection(D) by a popular magazine.No Error (E)(166.5)答案1. D to suppress2. E3. C of distinguishing4. D than that of baseballs5. D of6. E7. A was unfounded8. D and wandered /, wandering9. D when she presses a button / when a button is pressed10. D 去掉each year11. E12. D kinds13. A Some14. C their15. D group, because16. B being criticized / criticism17. C and a decrease18. D from those of earlier times19. E20. A us21. C and so22. C which soon became23. C plus / being24. E25. D do so26. C gave them27. A from28. B are29. E30. A like that of many other. Because the garden wasuntended(A), the windowshad no(B)shutters, and the lawnoverrun(C)by weeds, peoplepassing by(D)the old house assumed that it was unoccupied.No error(E)(06.1-17)2.Only by tapping(A)their last reserves of energywere(B)the team members ableto salvage(B)what was beginning(D)to look like a lost cause.No error(E)(06.1-19)3. When Doris Lessing publishedThe Golden Notebookin 1962,it(A)instantly established(B)herselfas one(C)of themost important(D)literally voices of her generation.No error(E)(06.1-20)4.It was(A)a Chinese American grower who finally succeededwith adapting(B)thenow familiar(C)orange treeto(D)the American climate. No error(E)(06.1-22)5. Five years inthe writing(A), her new book isboth a response(B)to her critics mistrustwith (C)her earlier findings andan elaboration(D)of her original thesis.No error(E)(06.1-28)6. Charles Dickens Great Expectations is a novelin which(A)the main character become soobsessed with(B)the idea of becoming(C) a gentlemanthat(D)his moral judgment is temporarily affected. No error(E)(06.5-13)7.What(A)becomes apparentfrom assessing(B)scientific accomplishment is that only relatively recentlyhave(C)the necessary technologybeen developed for(D)solving the mysteries of genetics. No error(E)(06.5-19)8.Despite(A)its cultural importance, the Daily Gazettelost(B)70 percent of its subscribers since 1920 and, by 1955, waslosing(C)as much as(D)$200,000 a year.No error(E)(06.1-29)9.Because(A)his experience in the naval medical corps had beenrewarding(B), Bobapplied(C)to medical school after hewas discharged(D)from the navy. No error(E)(06.5-20)10.Those who(A)defend sequoia treesfrom(A)loggersjustified(C)doing so(D)on the grounds that such trees are irreplaceable.No error(E)(06.5-23)11. Africas Kanem Empire, afterenduring for(A)over a thousand years,is(B)believed to have falleninto decline(C)when trade centersshift(D)outside its boundaries.No error(E)(06.5-25)12.Opposite to(A) most people I know, Annie, a good photographerherself(B), actuallyenjoys seeing(C)the photographs that her friends takeon their(D)vacations.No error(E)(06.5-26)13. Not very particularin(A)nestingsites(B), house wrensmay nest(C)in birdhouse, mailboxes, building creviceseven in the pocketsof(D)hanging laundry. No error(E)(06.5-28)14.At(A)the receptionwere(B)thechattering(C)guests, the three-tiered cake, and the lively music that have becomecharacteristic of(D)many wedding celebrations.No error(E)(06.5-29)15.Among(A)the most dangerous environment threats that we faceare(B)“compu-garbage”, the nonbiodegradable andoften toxic(C)waste resulting from the improperdisposal of (D)obsolete p