普通高校学生安全事件预防预警的模型建设.doc

/ /普通高校学生安全事件预防预警的模型建设Ordinary university students safety incident prevention, early warning model construction近年来，频频发生的大学校园安全事件不仅影响到学生的正常学习与生活，更威胁到高校的稳定与发展，威胁到社会的安定与和谐。应该说，学生安全是高等学校一切工作的底线，各项工作的开展必须在确保学生安全的原则下进行。因此，加强高校安全管理，构建学生安全事件预防体系，确保学生安全和校园稳定，是目前亟待研究和予以解决的问题。In recent years, the campus security incident occurred frequently not only affects the normal study and life of students, the more threat to the stability and development of colleges and universities, a threat to social stability and harmony. It should be said that students safety is the bottom of all the work of institutions of higher learning, the work must be conducted under the principle of ensure the safety of students. Therefore, strengthening the safety management in colleges and universities, to build students safety incident prevention system, to ensure that students and campus stability, is to study and to solve the problem. 一、高校学生安全事件的种类One, college students the kinds of security incidents 高校学生安全是一个广义的概念，包括人身安全、政治安全、心理安全、学业安全、财产安全等，即凡影响学生身心健康发展、影响学生学业顺利完成的一切不安全因素都列为安全范畴。College students safety is a broad concept, including physical security, political security, psychological security, school safety, property safety and so on, which all affect students physical and mental health development, affect students academic complete all unsafe factors as security category. 1.人身安全。高校学生人身安全是指大学生在高校实施的教育教学活动中或在学校负有管理责任的校舍、场地、其他教育教学设施、生活设施内，所受到的生命权、健康权和行动自由权方面的威胁和风险。主要类型有：人身伤害、自杀或他杀、食物中毒、疾病传染、自然灾害、意外事故、生活用电伤害、设施故障、火灾事故等。1. The security of person. University students personal safety refers to the college students in colleges and universities carry out the education teaching activities or management responsibility in the school buildings, sites, other education teaching facilities, living facilities, is the life, the right to health, and action liberty in terms of threats and risks. Main types are: personal injury, suicide or homicide, food poisoning, disease, natural disasters, accidents, life electricity damage, facility fault, fire, etc. 2.政治安全。大学生政治安全是指因政治思想错误或政治行为过失而导致的对大学生的政治伤害。主要表现在：政治思想动摇不定、政治信仰危机加剧、政治行为失控等，他们不能坚信马克思主义唯物论和辩证法，被宗教迷信所迷惑，甚至误入歧途迷信邪教，如陈果自焚；有的则直接参与非法活动， 如非法游行示威、罢课，违法上访等。2. Political and security. College students political and security is refers to the political ideological errors or political behavior on college students political damage caused by the fault. Mainly displays in: political thought wavering, political belief crisis, political behavior is out of control, etc., they believed in marxist materialism and dialectics, and cant be fooled by religious superstition, misguided even superstitious cult, such as Chen Guo set himself on fire; Others directly involved in illegal activities, such as illegal demonstrations, strike, illegal petitioning, etc. 3.心理安全。大学生心理安全是指个体在适应环境中所表现出来的不健康心理状态、心理障碍或心理疾病。包括：抑郁、焦虑、神经衰弱、自卑、嫉妒报复、心理变态、精神失常等，造成的主要后果为：学习效率低下、人际适应困难、精神颓废，消极对待人生、自伤或他伤等，如马加爵杀人案。3. The psychological security. College students psychological security is refers to the individual in the adapt to the environment of unhealthy mental state, mental disorder or mental illness. Include depression, anxiety, neurasthenia, inferiority, envy, revenge and psychopathic, mental disorders, etc., the main consequences as follows: the learning efficiency is low, interpersonal adjustment problems, spiritual decadence, negative, self-injury, or cs, etc., to our life such as ma3 jia jue2 homicides. 4.学业安全。大学生学业安全是指因主客观因素而导致的大学生不能正常完成学业和学业荒废。主要包括：学习目标不明确；厌学；因旷课、学习能力差、不能正确处理学习与其他活动的关系或心理问题，而导致的多门课程不及格、留级、退学等。4. School security. College students academic security refers to because of subjective and objective factors lead to normal college students cant complete their studies and education. Mainly include: learning goals are not clear; Learning disabilities; Due to absenteeism, poor learning ability, cant correctly handle the relationship between learning and other activities or mental problem, caused by a failed courses, grade, school, etc. 5.财产安全。大学生财产安全是指因防范不善而导致的大学生所带的现金、存折、购物卡、学习及生活用品的丢失或受到损坏。5. Property safety. College students property safety refers to the college students caused due to poor guard against with the cash, the passbook, gift CARDS, of learning and living goods lost or damaged. 二、学生安全事件发生的原因Second, students safety the cause of the incident 1.社会原因1. The social reasons 社会转型矛盾影响。社会学研究表明，人均GDP15004000美元这一阶段，既是经济社会发展的黄金时期，也是各类社会矛盾的集中显现期。改革开放以来，伴随着我国国民经济的快速发展，社会矛盾也日益凸显，环境污染、贫富分化、社会公平正义缺失、大学生就业困难、社会底层上升遭遇“天花板”等社会问题导致一些大学生困惑、迷茫，尤其是在面对一些体制性的问题时，更多时候表现的是无奈和妥协。一旦某些特定事件发生，大学生中积聚的某些负面情绪极易以此作为突破口，形成“井喷”现象，酿成大学生安全事件。不良的网络使用习惯。互联网作为一把双刃剑，在把我们这个星球变成地球村的同时，也被一些人称为“打开了潘多拉的盒子”。社会上利用互联网（包括QQ、校园BBS、个人信箱等）煽动、组织不法活动、制造不稳定因素的事件频频发生。大学生作为知识群体，对网络的适应性强是优势，但同时对网络产生依赖又是一个带有普遍性的问题。北京大学钱铭怡教授对北京地区十余所高校的五百余名本科生进行抽测，表明被试者中网络成瘾者占到6.4%。许多大学生面对网络的诱惑缺乏自制力，沉湎于中不能自拔，甚至出现了因为迷恋网络而退学、犯罪等极端现象。可以说不良的网络使用习惯是酿成部分大学生安全事件的重要原因。1) conflict of social transformation. Sociological studies have shown that per capita GDP1500 $4000 in this stage, is the golden age of economic and social development, is also the appeared concentrated period of all kinds of social contradictions. Since Chinas reform and opening up, along with the rapid development of national economy, the social contradictions are increasingly highlight, environmental pollution, loss of the gap between rich and poor, social equity and justice, college students employment difficulty, the bottom rise a ceiling students lead to some social problems such as confusion, confusion, especially in the face of systemic problems, more is helpless and compromise. Once a certain event occurs, the college students in the accumulation of some negative emotions such as breakthrough, form a blowout phenomenon, that college students security incidents. (2) bad Internet use habits. The Internet as a double-edged sword, while make our planet a global village, also some people called opened Pandoras box. In society use the Internet (including QQ, campus BBS, and personal email address, etc.) stir up illegal activities, organization, manufacturing of unstable factors. College students as knowledge group, strong adaptability to the network is an advantage, but at the same time to rely on network is a universal problem. Qian Mingyi Beijing university professor for more than 10 colleges and universities in Beijing more than five hundred undergraduates of parking, show that subjects in Internet addicts accounted for 6.4%. Many college students face the temptation of network lack of self-control, indulge in cannot extricate oneself, appear even the drop out of school because of the infatuated with network, crime and other extreme phenomenon. Bad Internet use habits, so to speak is one of the important reasons caused some college security events. 2.高校内部原因2. The internal reason 高校扩招影响。上世纪90年代末期，高等教育大众化成为时代需求。为推动高等教育的快速发展，中央政府采取了一系列推动高等教育发展的新举措。此举既满足了社会上大量学生接受高等教育的需要，又提高了人口素质。但由于高校扩招速度太快，学生人数急剧增加，而学校各种软硬件配套设施不到位，导致校园环境、基础设施、后勤管理、校园治安等问题频频出现，为学生安全事件埋下隐患。 学生管理体制的不适应。高校学生管理队伍老化、学生管理制度缺失，部分学生管理者工作方法简单粗暴，都是造成学生安全事件的隐性因素。加上近年来高等院校专职辅导员队伍建设发展思路不明晰，职责不明，学校出台某些与学生切身利益挂钩的管理措施时缺少充分宣传，不注重广大学生的意见，与学生缺乏有效的沟通。在管理理念上，某些高校职能部门站在学生对立面，不是“服务”学生，而是把学生作为“管理”对象，出了问题不敢直面学生；学生的正常诉求不能得到满足，而一旦闹起事来反而可以很快得到解决。因此传达给学生的信息就是“不闹不解决，小闹小解决，大闹大解决”。预防突发性事件的机制没有形成。部分高校对突发性事件的危机管理往往缺乏制度性的设计，注重形式而轻实效；注重应急而轻预警。在出现学生安全事件时或事前毫无准备仓促应战，或事后推卸责任掩盖回避，缺乏整体联动及保障机制。1) enrollment expansion of colleges and universities. In the late 1990 s, the era of mass higher education become a demand. In order to promote the rapid development of higher education, the central government has adopted a series of new measures to promote the development of higher education. The move will not only satisfy the social needs of a large number of students receiving higher education and improve the population quality. But as a result of college expansion speed too fast, the number of students increased dramatically, and the school all kinds of hardware and software facilities does not reach the designated position, cause campus environment, infrastructure, logistics management, campus security problems such as frequent, security events for students. (2) the student management system does not adapt. University students management team aging, lack of the student management system, part of the student management work method is simple and crude, are students security incidents caused by recessive factor. Plus full-time counselor team construction in colleges and universities in recent years, development is not clear, responsibilities unclear, school students and some vital interests linked management measures lack sufficient propaganda, does not pay attention to the opinions of the masses of students, students and the lack of effective communication. Some functions of the colleges stand on the management idea, in the student, is not a service students, but students as the object of management, the problem did not dare to face the students; Students of normal demands cannot be met, and once the uprising to instead may be solved soon. Therefore convey information to the students is not cant solve, nao small, big big big solution. (3) to prevent sudden events mechanism is not formed. Some universities crisis management of sudden events often lack of institutional design, pay attention to form and light effect; Pay attention to emergency and early warning. Appear in the students safety event unprepared scrambled or advance, or after the event mask to avoid responsibility, lack of overall linkage and safeguard mechanism. 3.学生自身原因3. The students themselves 当代大学生普遍出生于20世纪末期，改革开放带来的东西方文化的交叉与融合、多种价值观的冲突与碰撞伴随着他们的整个成长过程。在学习、思考、探索和成长的过程中，自我维权意识与参与意识不断增强，但合作意识、自律意识相对不足、抗挫折能力较弱。Contemporary college students generally was born in the late 20th century, the reform and opening up cross and fusion of western and eastern culture, a variety of values of conflict and collision with their whole growth process. In the process of learning and thinking, exploration and growth, self consciousness and participation consciousness constantly strengthen, but relatively insufficient cooperation consciousness and self-discipline consciousness, weak ability to resist frustrations. 当代大学生大多为独生子女，他们由于长时间受到家庭溺爱，遇到问题缺乏独立解决能力，此种现象被社会学家称之为“后断乳期”。表现在高校大学生中就是有心理问题的学生快速增长，因心理疾病导致的出走、自残、自杀、杀人等事件在我国高校呈上升趋势，成为大学生突发事件主要防控方向。据北京市高校学生心理素质教育研究课题组对23所大学的抽样调查，23.2%的大学生存在不同程度的心理卫生问题。Contemporary college students are mostly only children, their families spoil due to long time, encounter problems lack of independent ability, this kind of phenomenon the sociologists call DuanRuQi after. Performance is in the college students have psychological problems of students growth, of flee, self-harm as a result of mental illness, suicide, murder events such as colleges and universities in our country is on the rise, become a college student emergencies mainly control the direction. According to the Beijing university students psychological quality education research group of 23 universities of sampling survey, 23.2% of college students exist different degrees of mental health problems. 三、建立学生安全事件预防预警机制Three, to set up the students safety incident prevention, early warning mechanism 1.及早发现安全隐患是建立学生安全事件预防预警机制的基础。 高校学生安全事件一旦发生，不论对学生个人、家庭，还是对学校、社会都是不可估量的损失，都会造成极其恶劣的影响。因此，高校必须提高学生安全意识，积极预防学生安全事件的发生，而学生安全隐患的提早发现则是有效预防的重要前提和基础。1. Early detection and safety is the foundation of students safety incident prevention, early warning mechanism. College students once security incidents happen, no matter for individuals, families, students or for school, the society is an immeasurable loss, can cause extremely bad influence. Therefore, colleges and universities must improve students safety awareness, and actively prevent the happening of the students security incidents, and students found is effective in preventing early safe hidden trouble of the important premise and foundation. 设立安全信息员。为了加强对学生安全问题的监控，及早发现学生安全隐患，实现学生安全事件有效防范、及时遏止，高校应建立安全信息员制度。安全信息员分布在全校范围，形成学生安全信息监察网络体系。为便于监察、发现学生安全信息，学生安全信息员应设立在每个宿舍。学生安全信息员向班主任和学工办负责，在学校学生安全工作领导小组领导下开展工作。(1) set up security informants. In order to strengthen the monitoring of students safety problem, help identify students potential safety hazard, realize effective prevention, timely stop students safety events, accesses of colleges and universities should establish security system. Security information officer distribution range in the school, student safety information monitoring network system. Security information for easy inspection, found that the student, the student accesses security should be set up in each dormitory. Students safety data person gives clearance to the teacher in charge and GongBan is responsible, under the leadership of the school security work leading group to carry out their work. 学生安全信息员主要负责日常学生安全动态、安全隐患和突发事件的监督，掌握重大节日、重大活动、重大形势变化期间学生的思想动态，积极搜集学生安全信息，及时发现安全隐患（包括宿舍成员沉迷网络、网恋、萎靡失落、关系紧张、焦虑反常、与社会人员交往频繁、使用劣质电器等）。在第一时间向班主任和学工办反映学生的思想动态、安全信息和安全隐患。Accesses students safety is mainly responsible for daily safety dynamic supervision, safety concerns and incidents, and master the important festivals, major events and major situation changes during the students thought tendency, solicit students safety information, safety hazard in time (including the members of the dormitory Internet addiction, the net love, abnormal slump loss, tension, anxiety, and the social personnel exchanges, the use of inferior electrical appliances, etc.). In the first place to the class teacher and the student GongBan reflect the ideological dynamic, security information and security risk. 全员全程监察。高校全体教职员工都应当树立学生安全意识，学校要出台学生安全管理规定，将对学生安全的监察作为全体员工的工作岗位职责，引导员工在履行工作职责的过程中积极主动地监察、发现学生安全隐患，在第一时间向相关部门或相关管理人员反映，及时遏止学生安全事件的发生。如在学生做酒精加热实验前，实验员发现某女生披散着长发，应及时要求她将长发盘起，以防在实验中引发烧伤；再如校门口保卫人员发现某学生经常在午夜后归校，应严格对其进行登记，并及时向学生所在院系反映，防止网瘾、网恋、不慎交友、酗酒、参与非法活动等可能情况造成的伤害。(2) full end-to-end monitoring. Faculty staff in colleges and universities should set up the students safety consciousness, the school introduced to students safety management regulations, to the safety of students as the staffs job responsibilities, guide employees in the performance of duties actively in the process of inspection, found that students safety hidden trouble, in the first place to the relevant departments or related management personnel reflect, twenty-four student security incidents occur. Before students do alcohol heating experiment, such as experimenter find a girl with curled hair, should be timely request she will long hair dish up, in case caused by burns in the experiment; Such as school again after the security guards found that some students often in the middle of the night to the school, should strictly on the registration, and in a timely manner to the students department report, to prevent Internet addiction, the net love, inadvertently dating, drinking, engaging in illegal activities may cause harm. 安全隐患排查。为充分了解影响学生身心健康发展及学业顺利完成的各种不安全因素，牢固掌握苗头性、倾向性的敏感信息，及早发现校园学生安全问题和安全隐患，从而有针对性地加强学生安全教育管理，及时建立健全安全工作机制，及时化解矛盾、解决突出问题，高校内部各部门、各单位应联动配合，积极开展学生安全隐患排查活动。排查的主要内容包括： （1）教育教学场所及设施安全检查。包括消防器材配备情况，设施完好情况，危险实验药品的存放、使用、登记情况等。 （2）学生宿舍的安全检查。包括楼道、走廊及其他通道的通畅情况，消防器材与照明设施的完好情况，违章用电情况以及卫生情况等。 （3）食品卫生安全情况检查。包括食堂防蝇、防鼠和消毒设施设备，食堂从业人员健康证，校内小卖点、小吃部的食品卫生情况等。 （4）学生外宿及校外租房情况。重点排查走读学生的手续办理情况；学生经常性晚归情况；学生通宵在外、夜不归宿情况；学生在外租房情况等。 （5）学生参与传销情况。重点排查毕业班学生、实习学生的校内外异常表现情况，随时掌握外地实习、外出联系工作学生动向，仔细甄别学生是否加入传销组织、参加传销活动。 （6）未按时返校学生跟踪调查。节假日期满后，对未返校的学生积极进行联系，了解其去向和不能按期返校原因。对于去向不明且无法联系的学生，要及时向相关部门报告，并通知学生家长。(3) security hidden danger. To fully understand the affect students physical and mental health development and academic complete various unsafe factors, firmly grasp MiaoTouXing, orientation of sensitive information, found that school students as early as possible security problems and potential safety problems, and targeted to strengthen students safety education management, establish and improve the security mechanism, work in time promptly resolve contradictions, solve outstanding problem, internal departments and units of colleges and universities should linkage cooperation, actively carry out hidden perils in safety activities for students. Trying to identify the main contents include: (1) education teaching venues and facilities safety inspection. Including fire equipment equipped with situation, facilities in good condition, drug store, use and registration of dangerous experiment and so on. (2) the students dormitory security checks. Corridor, corridor and other channel of unobstructed, fire equipment and lighting facilities in good condition, illegal electricity situation and health condition, etc. (3) the food hygiene safety check. Including canteen against flies, rodents and disinfection facilities, canteen workers, health card, the campus food hygiene condition of small selling point, snack bar, etc. (4) students questionnaires.then and sleeping out. Key screening day student of formalities; Students often late; Students all night in the outside, catastrophic situation; Students outside the house. (5) the students involved in pyramid schemes. Focus on trying to identify abnormal graduating class students, intern students participate in situation, grasps the field practice, work out contact students, carefully identifying whether students will join pyramid selling and pyramid selling activities. (6) not back-to-school student tracking on time. After finishing holiday have not returned to students to communicate, understand the cause of the schedule of their whereabouts and not back to school. For students unaccounted for and couldnt be reached, should timely report to related department, and inform the parents of students. 大学生心理健康状态测试。采用公认的信度和效度较高的心理健康测试软件（如瑞格心理教育信息化管理系统）对所有学生进行心理健康状况测试，统计分析出哪些学生存有心理问题、心理障碍或心理疾病。(4) college students mental health test. Based on the reliability and validity of higher mental health testing software (e.g., ziggy psychol