大学英语写作第五章素材及练习 (一).doc

4 写作第五章素材与练习 （一）Part Five The Whole CompositionThe Steps in Writing a Composition2. Planning a composition (1) Discovering useful material A quick list of brainstorm on subject of “television programs” might look like this: entertaining arguments over what to watch too many advertisements too much time spent watching provide relaxation create passivity love stories not enough sports programs childrens cartoons bring people together educational also isolate people discourage communication release peoples pressure/anxiety lots of violence informative not very realistic waste of time some are dull and meaningless make people lazy football matches cable TV programs (2) Deciding on the thesis statementThe Benefits of Television We hear a lot of negative effects of television on the viewer. Obviously, television can be harmful if it is watched to the exclusion of other activities. It would be just as harmful as to eat constantly. However, when television is watched in moderation, it is extremely valuable, as it provides relaxation, entertainment, and education.E.g. Nuclear power is good for the human kind. The traffic accident caused two deaths and five injuries. Students should be encouraged to do part-time jobs during vacation; though some of the part-time jobs are not fit for young college students. My brother taught me many things about living in this world.A task for the students to fulfill: (Direction: The students are asked to write an outline on the topic of “The Vocational Choice after Graduation-Being a Teacher”. Thesis: I have decided to be a teacher after graduation because of the vocational “stableness,” the enviable two vacations, and particularly the strong sense of achievement and success to be experienced in the teaching career.)Organization IntroductionThe Vocational Choice after GraduationLike all other senior students, I have an important decision to make upon graduation; that is, what job I am going to take up as my life career. For a student majoring in English, I have a wide range of choice to make. However, considering the vocational “stableness”, the two enviable vacations, and particularly the sense of achievement to be experienced in the teaching career, I have finally decided to be a teacher after my graduation. A task for the students to fulfill (Direction: The teacher hands out the copies and asks the students to read the beginnings of the composition and decide what methods are used.)(1) “Habit the second nature! Habit is ten times nature,” the Duke of Wellington is said to have exclaimed; and the degree to which this is true no one probably can appreciate as well as one who is a veteran soldier himself. The daily drill and the years of discipline end by fashioning a man completely over again, as to most of the possibilities of his conduct.(2) The word “justice” is usually associated with courts of law. We might say that justice has been done when a mans innocence or guilt has been proved beyond doubt. Justice is part of the complex machinery of the law. Those who seek it undertake an arduous journey and can never be sure that they will find it. Judges, however wise or eminent, are human and can make mistakes.(3) Privacy in America seems to be disappearing. New technologies enable users to unearth the health, credit, and legal records of almost everyone at the punch of a computer key. Beyond these computerized records, our telephones, television sets, and even our trash can be monitored by government agencies, banks, businesses, political groups-or just plain nosy people. Current United States law does disturbingly little to protect our right to privacy. (4) The most important day I remember in all my life is the one on which my teacher, Anne Mansfield Sullivan, came to me. I am filled with wonder when I consider the immeasurable contrast between the two lives which it connects. It was the third of March, 1887; three months before I was seven years old.Another task for the students to fulfill (Direction: the teacher will ask students to write a beginning according to the request.)(1) With a question(2) With a factual statement or point of view(3) With a statement of problem or a misconception ConclusionE.g. But assuming that the contrast I have developed is valid, and that the fostering of skills and creativity are both worthwhile goals, the important question becomes this: Can we gather, from the Chinese and American extremes, a superior way to approach education, perhaps striking a better balance between the poles of creativity and basic skills?E.g. In conclusion, the elderly nursing home patient, and the recuperating heart patient lend credibility to the theory that pets make important psychological contributions to human health.E.g. Although I have had no indication that the prejudice against me because of my profession will cease, I, like Dr. King, “still have a dream”. I dream of the day that people will judge me by my actions and not by their stereotypes of English teachers. Thus scientists still cannot give a definite answer to the age-old question about the origins of races. But their studies of the various races have made it clear that mans environment influenced his evolution.Finally you may want to choose from any of the following forms for a good ending.(1) With an emphatic summaryIn conclusion, let me again remind you, as parents, that teaching social responsibility is not completely a function of the schools. It is a process that must begin in the home and continue throughout the childs formal schooling. The teacher cannot be a parent, a policeman, a psychologist, and still be expected to teach fundamental skills. Social responsibility must be brought from the home to the classroom, and, unless this happens, learning cannot take place in our schools.(2) With a quotation We may not suck our thumbs anymore, but as we get older, we acquire other bad habits. We cant give them up easily, either. Each period brings its own problems. In babyhood, its thumb-sucking; in childhood, its nail-biting; in our teens, its smoking; in middle age, its overeating; and so on. And if anyone tells you he has no bad habits, you can be sure he has the worst of them all: lying! For “Human nature is the same everywhere; nobody is faultless.”(3) With a prophecy or a warning based on the thesisWe can save, conserve, cut out waste, but what we have we must keep. The only solution, as always in the history of mankind, is to solve problems by still further advance in technology.(4) With a question If humor can be used successfully against such odds, what cant you and I do with it in daily life?(5) With a call for action The Communists disdain to conceal their views and they openly declare that their ends can be attained only by the forcible overthrow of all existing social conditions. Let the ruling classes tremble at a Communist revolution. The proletarians have nothing to lose but their chains. They have a world to win. Working men of all countries, unite!-Karl Marx, & Frederick Engels, Manifesto of the Communist Party(6) With a figurative language In many ways, no doubt, our world grows more and more complex, and sputniks cannot be simple; yet how many of our complexities remain futile, how many of our artificialities false. Simplicity too can be subtleas the straight lines of a Greek temple, like the Parthenon at Athens, are delicately curved in order to look straighter still. Exercises I. Write I in front of the introductory paragraphs, and C in front of the concluding paragraphs. 1. These two new windmill designs will, of course, have an even more important impact on the energy industry in the future. Although these two designs may never be used on a large scale, their impact may be felt through influencing the design of even more efficient models in the years ahead.2. Computer literacy, then, is certainly an advantage to students who plan to attend a university. As computers play a greater and grea