杨晓茜中学英语教学案例.doc

论文摘要:翻译是一种跨文化活动而译者则是译文读者与原文作者进行沟通的桥梁。毫无提问这种跨文化沟通需要跨文化意识，旅游资料翻译尤其知此。但很多旅游资朴的翻译不如人意，由于对外宣传的受众是特珠的群体，要取得理想的宣传效果，译者必须以受众为中心，分析他们的社会、文化背景以及其它特.点，以便未用适当的翻译方法。因此，本文作者认为跨文化意识在旅游资抖的翻译中是极其重要的。 虽然我国旅游资源目前以为国人提供旅游服务为主，但入世已给旅游业带来前所未有的机遇，全世界人民都已将是中国旅游业的潜在消费者。全国各地都纷纷打出旅游牌，开发出特色不同的旅游景点以及旅游项目，以期在未来的竟争中占据优势。那么在我们的旅游材料对外宣传中，能否吸引更多的游客，能否准确地传达旅游的实质，翻译将是必不可少的重要环节，其好坏直接影响到旅游主题在国外潜在旅游者头脑中的形象。为此，我们也应该对旅游材料作一简要分析。旅游材料与日常见到的说明书、企业介绍等说明类文体的类型是不一样的，作为说明文体的一种特殊类型，旅游材料的翻译是需要文化处理的特殊方式来处理的。 1文化处理 文化处理是一种新的概念，它要求译者在翻译过程中，全面地考虑翻译的原文与译文，为了更加明确地表达原文作者的意图，最大可能地达到在文化上的对应，所采取的一种翻译策略。首先，翻译的实质是文化交流。其次，因为人类的一切活动都是文化活动，翻译自然也是一种文化活动，或叫跨文化交际。由于英汉文化的差异，在用英语表示中国社会文化中某些特有的事物与现象时，经常发现空缺词项，文化空缺，词义空缺，意念空缺，英语中又无对应表达、出现了表达真空.这时人们常通过音译、译借、语意再生、补充与解释等手段，以此弥补翻译的不足。无论如何，在进行适当的文化处理时，我们应注意文化传真(facsimile of culture)应是翻译的基本原则之一。 (1)比如，泼水节，如果只译作“WaterSprinkling Festival，在外国游客看来那就是互相泼水的节日，而对该节日的由来、意义、民族都不了解。所以最好译为“WaterSpring Festivala big festival for theDai nationality to wish every one happi-ness by sprinkling water to one another这样的译文不但有效地传播了中国民俗文化，而且迎合了外国游客猎奇的心理，实现了旅游资料翻译的目的。又如，“叫化鸡”可译为:beggars chicken(baked mud-coatedchicken).“白娘子”可译为Lady White,thelegendary heroine of the story of theWhite Snake. (2)中国的龙与西方的Dragon在来源、神性、意蕴、功能等方面多有不同，中国龙取象广博，形态神奇，主要象征和谐、正义与吉祥;西方的Dragon取象窄狭，外貌丑陋，主要代表魔怪、邪恶与祸祟。可见，中华文化里的龙和西方文化中的dragon有着截然不同的形象和喻义，由此我们处理此类文化意象词语的翻译时必须注意目标语读者的可接受性，又要兼顾原语所承载的文化信息。中学英语教学案例What do you think we should do to improve our environment ? ） 活动目的：通过列举污染源，学生更清楚当前环境的不仅如人意，保护环境刻不容缓，从而使学生增强保护环境的意识。他们动脑筋，想办法，积极讨论保护环境的措施，在不知不觉中提高英语语言运用能力。 活动过程： T: There is much pollution all over the world now . Can you tell me what it is ? Ss: Water pollution ; Air pollution; Noise pollution;soil pollution etc. T: Do you know what causes water pollution ? Ss: Factories pour waste water into rivers and lakes . T: All the factories ? Ss: No . T: What factories ? Ss: Paper factories , printing and dyeing mills , plastic factoriesect. T: What else can cause water pollution ,too? Ss: Some people throw rubbish into rivers and lakes . T: How can we help to solve this problem ? ( 学生们分组讨论解决办法。 ) Ss: We can advise the directors of these factories to stop pouring waste water into rivers and lakes . T: If they dont accept your advice ,what else can we do ? Ss:1. We can write a letter to Green China about it . 2. We can also ask newspaper reporters and TV station reporters to report these factories . T: There is a paper factory in my hometown .It pours waste water into the river every day . The people in the town drink the water of the river every day . They have advise the leader to stop pouring waste water into the river many times .But he never accepts it . Can you write a letter about it to the Green China ? T: You have told me what causes water pollution and how to solve this problem .Youre very clever .Thank you very much .But can you tell me what causes air pollution ? Ss: The smoke of factories ,the smoke given out by buses ,cars ,trucks ,motorbikes ect. T:There arent many factories in our city,Hangzhou .But the air is not good enough .Why ? Ss: Because there is much traffic . T: Can you think out a way to solve this problem? (学生们分组讨论解决方案，基础差的同学也纷纷参与，只不过在用中文说；基础好的同学在帮他们翻译。) Ss: 1.We can plant more trees on roads . 2.We can ask people not to drive their cars to work . 3.We can ask people to ride bikes to work . 4.We can tell people riding bikes is good for their health . T: If their homes are far away from their workplaces ,can they ride bikes to work ? Ss: No. T: How can we solve it ? Ss: We can ask the leader of the city to develop the public traffic. Such as adding more buses ,building underground . ect. T: We have thought out many methods to improve our environment .I will try my best to tell our government that something must be done to make Hangzhou more beautiful .Have you ever made any pollution ? Ss: Yes . T: Can you tell me something about it ? Ss: Yes . S1: I sometimes spit in public places . S2: I sometimes draw on public walls . S3: I cut down a small tree in my school in Grade One .I feel very sorry now . S4: We sometimes throw litter on the ground in and out of our classroom . S5: I often dont pick up rubbish in public places . . T: Will you spit in public places from now on ? Ss： No. T: Will you draw on publ