短暂性动词和完成时态练习题

短暂性动词，延续性动词和现在完成时短暂性动词是指动作一旦发生就立即结束。它不能和一段时间连用。这类动词有：go, come, arrive, leave, begin, start, join, marry 等；短暂性动词的肯定式不能与表示一段时间的for或since或how long等状语连用。例如：His father got ill. I have received his letter. 但是，不可以说：His father got ill for a week.I have received his letter for three days.在否定句中，短暂性动词可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。例如：We havent heard from Jane for a long time. I suppose something must have happened to her.延续性动词是指动作发生后还可以延续一段时间或者相当长的一段时间。如：live, work, study, learn, sleep等，延续性动词可以和表示一段的时间状语连用。值得注意的是，表示一段时间的状语除了“for+一段时间”外，还有since+n./从句（时间点），since+时间段+ago，疑问词how long，in the past+时间段，all these+时间段，fromto（时间点）以及till/until+n./句子等等。例如：How long _ your brother joined the army? A. has B. hadC. is it since D. was there that另外，动词的延续性与非延续性还体现在这两种句型中：延续性动词的肯定式+till/ until 短暂性动词的否定式+till/ until请看例句：We waited until he came. I didnt go to bed until my father came back home last night.如果短暂性动词与表示一段时间的时间状语连用，必须将短暂性动词改为延续性动词。除了用上面的转化形式之外，还可以用其他的表达形式：A. It is/ has been+时间+since（动词用过去式）B. 主语+谓语（过去时）+时间+ago。例如：Its five days since I received his letter. His father died three years ago.看一个句子可以用以下几种说法：他离开上海已经3天了。He left Shanghai three days ago.He has been away from Shanghai for three days.He has been away from Shanghai since three days ago.It is/ has been three days since he left Shanghai.Three days has passed since he left Shanghai.几点注意事项:（1）have been(to) have gone( to) have been in的区别：have been(to)表示“去过某地（现在已经回来了）”，可用于各人称；have gone(to)表示“去某地了（说话时某人不在当地）”，可能在去的路上，可能已在某地，也可能在回来的路上，总之，人不在这里。常用第三人称作主语。前者可与once ,never, several times等连用，后者则不能。He has gone to Amercia.（他到美国去了。他不在这里）He has been to Amercia.（他去过美国。现已回来）He has been in Shanghai.（他在上海呆过。现在不在上海）He has been in shanghai for years.（他在上海多年。现在还在上海）He has taught English.（他教过英语现在不教了）He has taught English for years.（他教英语多年了。现在还在教）（2）如单纯表示一段时间，或强调一段时间，虽有since一词，也不必用完成时。如：It is two years since his father died.=His father has been dead for two years.（3）终止性动词现在完成时的否定式，已变成一种可以延续的状态，因此可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。如：I havent left here since 1997. arrivebe herebegin(start)be on die be deadcome backbe backgobeaway comebehere leave be away (from)/（benothere）buyhavefall ill(sick, asleep)be ill(sick, asleep) openbeopen borrowkeep becomebeget upbe upgo out be out finish be overput on wear 或be onopen be openjoin be in或be a member of move to live infinish/end be overclose be closedgo to schoolbe a student come to be insit down be seatedcatch(a cold) have(a cold)get to know know begin to studystudylosebelost等归纳由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换：arrivebe herebegin(start)be on die be deadcome backbe backgobeaway comebehere leave be away (from)/（benothere）buyhavefall ill(sick, asleep)be ill(sick, asleep) openbeopen borrowkeep becomebeget upbe upgo (get)outbe out finish be overput onwear 或be onopen be open/ keepsthopenjoin be in+组织机构或be a member of+组织机构 move to live infinish/end be over close be closedgo to schoolbe a student come to be insit down be seated catch(a cold) have(a cold)get to know know begin to studystudylosebelost gothere-betherebecome-be, comeback-beback,fallasleep-beasleep,come/go/getto/arrive/reach+地方-be(in), 等 Exercises: I. 句型转换：1. Mr. Li began to teach English in this school in 1999.（同义句） Mr. Li _ _ English in this school since 1999.2. The factory opened ten years ago.（同义句） The factory _ _ _ for ten years.3. John left Beijing three years ago. （同义句）Three years _ _ _ John _ Beijing.John_ _ _ _ Beijing _ three years.4. His company opened in 2003. （同义句）His company _ _ _ since 2003.5. My father bought the car half a year ago. （同义句）My father _ _ the car _ half a year.6. We got to know each other for about 15 years. （同义句）We _ _ each other _ about 15 years.7. The film began ten minutes ago. （同义句） The film _ _ _ for ten minutes.8. I borrowed this book two weeks ago. （同义句） I _ _ this book for two weeks.9. My father came back the day before yesterday. My father has _ _ for two days.10.My uncle bought the new car two months ago. My uncle has_ the new car _two months ago.11. We began to learn English three years ago.(改为同义句) We _ _English _three years12. The old man _ last year. He has _ _for a year. (die) （动词填空）13. Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同义句转换)Miss Gao has _ _ _ an hour ago.选择题1.When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus _ for 20 minutes.A. has left B. had left C. has been away D. had been away2. I _ the League for 5 years so far. A. joined B. have joined C. have been in3.The factory _ since the February of 1988. A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened4.Mary and Rose _friends since they met in 2000. A. have made B. have been C. made D. have become5.You mustnt _ until he comes back. A. be away B. leave C. be left6.The meeting _ for a week now. A. has finished B. has ended C. has been over7.Miss Gao _ this school for nearly 5 years. A. has been in B. has come to C. has taught8.Ben _ a teacher for 4 years . A. has been B. has become C. was D. became9. I _ home for a week. A. have returned B. have been back C. returned10. How long _ he _ ? A. died B. has, died C. has, been dead11. He _ at eight yesterday afternoon.A. slept B. was sleeping C. has sleep D. had slept12.He _ the car for a week. A. bought B. has bought C. has had 13.-How long _ you _ ill ? -Two weeks. A. did fall B. have, fell C. have, been14.Since 2000, he _ his hometown. A. has left B. has moved away C. has been away from15.Ill lend you the book , but you can only _ it for 2 days. A. borrow B. keep C. take16.The bus _ on the road for 2 hours so far. A. has stopped B. stopped C. has been17.Are you _ the jacket these days? A. wearing B. putting on C. dressing D. on18.He _ foe 2 hours. A. got up B. has got up C. has been up19. Tom is ill in hospital. He _ a cold for several days. A. is B. catches C. has caught D. has had20.- How long can I _ the book? - Two weeks.A. borrow B. lend C. get D. keep1. I_ already _ (see) the film. I _ (see) it last week. 2. _ he _ (finish) his work today? Not yet.3. My father _ just _ (come) back from work. He is tired now. 4. Wheres Li Ming ? He _ (go) to the teachers office.5. I _ (work) here since I _ (move) here in 1999. 6. So far I _(make) quite a few friends here.7. How long _ the Wangs _(stay) here ? For two weeks. 8. I _ just _ (finish) my homework. 9. He _ (go) to school on foot every day. 10._ you _ (find) your science book yet? 11. If it _ (be) fine tomorrow, Ill go with you. 12. The students _ (read) English when the teacher came in. 13. Look! The monkey _ (climb) the tree. 14. My mother _ (come) to see me next Sunday. 15. Ive lost my pen. _ you _ (see) it anywhere? II. 用have been和have gone填空。1. Mother isnt here. She _ to the barbers.2. _ you ever _ abroad before?3. There you are at last! Where _ you _?4. Tom and Mary have just come in. They _ to a party.5. Tom and Mary arent here. They _ to a Party.6. My father _ to New York. He left this morning.7. My mother _ to the supermarket and s