浅谈it作形式主语和形式宾语用法.doc

浅谈it作形式主语和形式宾语用法It作形式主语和形式宾语用法，是中学阶段英语学习的主要语法项目之一。纵观历届高考题，无论是单项选择，还是完行填空，it用法始终是反复考查的重、热点之一。现将it在特殊句型中作形式主语和形式宾语用法，进行如下归纳分析，以供学习参考。一、 It 用作形式主语当不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句在某个句子中作主语时，为保持句子结构前后平衡，避免头重脚轻，因此常用it作形式主语置于句首，而将真正的主语放在句尾。此时it只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。e.g. It is wrong to tell a lie. (说谎是错误的。) It为to tell a lie的形式主语It is no use arguing about it. (争吵是没用的。) It为arguing about it的形式主语It is uncertain who will come. (谁要来还不确定。) It为who will come的形式主语It 作形式主语的常见句型： It + be + 形容词 + to do sth. / doing / that .e.g. It is very important to learn a foreign language. (学一门外语非常重要。)It is useless crying over the spilt milk. (覆水难收。)It was really surprising that she married a man like that.(她嫁给那样的男士真让人惊讶。) It + be +名词词组 + doing / that .e.g. It is no good telling lies. (撒谎没好处。)It is a pity that you didnt go to see the film yesterday. (你昨天没看成那部电影真遗憾。)It is a truth that there would be no new China without the Communist Party.(没有共产党就没有新中国，这是毋庸质疑的。) It + be + 过去分词 + that .该句型常见动词有：say, hope, think, suppose, expect, report, know, believe, decide, etc.e.g. It is said that they have invented a new type of computer. (据说他们发明了一种新型电脑。)It is believed that China will become one of the strongest countries in the world.(大家都相信中国将会步入世界强国之列。)It was reported that more than 170 thousand people died in the 2004 tsunami.(据报道，至少有十七万人在2004年那场海啸中丧生。) It + seems / appears / happens等不及物动词 + that .e.g. It seems that he enjoys pop songs very much.(似乎他非常喜欢流行歌曲。)It appears that Tom might change his mind. (看来汤姆可能会改变主意。) 若句子是疑问形式，就只能用it作形式主语。e.g. Does it matter much that they wont come tomorrow? (他们明天不来很重要吗？)Is it true that he will go abroad next week? (他下周出国是真的吗？) It + takes + (sb.) + some time + to do sth.这是一个表示“（某人）花多少时间干某事”的句型，其中it是形式主语，代替后面的不定式（to do sth.），句型中的sb.也可以省略。e.g. It took me some time to read the reading materials.(我花了一些时间才读完那段阅读材料。)It took him fourteen hours to go to New Zealand from Shanghai by plane.(从上海乘飞机去新西兰花了他14小时。)How long does it take you to go to Beijing from Qingdao by train? (从青岛坐火车到北京一般要花多久时间？)I am not sure, but I think it takes at least nine hours to get there.(我不能肯定，但估计至少要九个钟头才能到那儿。)二、It 用作形式宾语当不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句在某个句子中作宾语时，为保持句子结构平衡，避免句式结构的混乱，常用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放在句尾。此时it仍只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。下列四种情况须用it 作形式宾语： 当不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句在复合宾语结构中作某些动词的宾语时（如think, make, find, consider, feel, suppose等）；e.g. They found it pleasant that they worked with us Chinese.（他们发现与我们中国人一起工作很愉快。）I dont feel it difficult to understand the Special English. （我觉得理解英语特别节目并不难。）He makes it a rule never to borrow money. （他立志决不向别人借钱。）I think it no need talking about it with them. （我认为没必要跟他们谈。） 某些表示“喜、怒、哀、乐”的动词，如like, enjoy, love, hate等，往往不能直接接宾语从句；e.g. I dont like it that hes so lazy. （我不喜欢他那么懒惰。）I hate it when my mother asks me to eat eggs. （我讨厌母亲要我吃鸡蛋。） that引导的宾语从句不能直接作介词的宾语；e.g. You may depend on it that we shall always help you.（尽管放心，我们会随时帮你的。）Would you see to it that she gets home early? （你负责保证她早到家，好吗？）He insisted on it that he was innocent. （他坚持说自己是无辜的。） 由及物动词与介词组成的固定搭配中，宾语从句若作该动词的宾语时，须借用it。e.g. I leave it to your own judgement whether you should do it.（我让你自己判断这事是否该做。）We owe it to you that there wasnt a serious accident.（多亏了你才没有发生严重事故。）试比较下列高考题，选出最佳答案：1. Is _ necessary to complete the design before National Day? (MET89) A. this B. that C. it D. he2. I dont think _ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work. (MET90)A. this B. that C. its D. it3. Does _ matter if he cant finish the job on time? (MET91)A. this B. that C. he D. it4. Toms mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but _ didnt help. (MET93)A. he B. which C. she D. it5. _ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. (MET95)A. There B. This C. That D. It6. I hate _ when people talk with their mouths full. (MET98)A. it B. that C. these D. them7. Dont _ that all those who get good grades in the entrance examination will prove to be the most successful. (上海98)A. take as granted B. take this for grantedC. take that for granted D. take it for granted8. I like _ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. (MET2004)A. this B. that C. it D. one模拟练习：( ) 1. _ happened _ he is unfit for the office. A. This; that B. That; that C. It; that D. He; that( ) 2. We took _ for granted that they would accept our advice. A. that B. this C. it D. them( ) 3. _ that the scientist will give us a talk next month? A. Is true B. Is it true C. Its true D. Its truly( ) 4. _ doesnt matter much _ dress you are going to wear. A. This; that B. That; who C. It; which D. It; who( ) 5. _ is going to America for further study. A. He is said that B. People said that he C. It was said he D. It is said that he( ) 6. They are good friends. _ is no wonder that they know each other so well. A. This B. That C. There D. It( ) 7. Is _ possible to fly to the moon in a spaceship? A. this B. there C. that D. it( ) 8. She liked _ when he kissed her. A