英语难点分析.doc

从一道高考题看 when 引导的状语从句 2005/03/31 12:59 英语辅导报请看下面一道高考题:We were swimming in the lake_ suddenly the storm started.A. when B. whileC. untilD. before答案为A。此题是考查when作连词引导从句的用法。在此含义为“正忽然”。when在英语中是个常见的词,其用法也比较灵活,现将其引导状语从句的含义及特点简单总结如下:一、有“当的时候”的含义(=at the time that.),此时when后的从句是用来说明前面主句动作发生的背景。例如:James pretended to be deaf when I spoke to him. 当我和詹姆斯讲话的时候,他假装耳聋。二、有“正忽然”的含义,表示突然发生某事。此时是when前的主句说明when后面句子之中动词动作发生的背景。例如:I was about to leave my office when the telephone rang. 我正要离开办公室时,忽然电话铃响了。注意:在这种句型中一般不可把when放在句首。三、有“无论什么时候”的含义,与whenever的意思差不多,但语气较轻。此时when后的从句说明主句动词动作发生的背景。例如:When the wind blows, all the doors rattle. 只要风一吹,所有的门都吱吱嘎嘎作响。四、有“本该(可)而(却)”的含义,此时when含有对比意义。例如:They have only three copies when we need five. 我们本该需要五本,而他们却只有三本。五、有“既然”的含义。此时when从句说明主句的理由或是一种借故。例如:I cant tell you anything when you wont listen. 既然你不想听,我就不告诉你了。六、有“如果,要是(=if)”的含义,此时when从句表示条件,意思上接近“在的情况下”。例如:Come when you are ready. 如果(要是)你准备好了,就来吧。七、有“还没(刚刚)就”的含义,此时表示主、从句的动作几乎同时发生。例如:I had hardly opened the door when he hit me. 我刚开门,他就打我。八、有“那时或然后”的含义,此时when前往往有“,”号。例如:They arrive at 6, when we all have dinner. 他们六点到,那时(然后)我们大家一起吃饭。九、有“其实或虽然但是”的含义,此时when的意思接近although。例如:She stopped trying, when she might succeed next time. 她不再尝试了,其实下一次说不定会成功。注意:有时when引导状语从句时,在不影响文意的情况下往往将从句中某些成分省去,因此,常常会出现以下结构:1. When+现在分词。例如:When sleeping, I never hear a thing. 睡觉时,我什么都听不见。2. When+过去分词。例如:This dictionary will look nice when printed. 这本词典印出来时会很好看。3. When+名词或形容词。例如:When a boy, he was sick all the time. 小的时候,他经常生病。4. When+介词短语。例如:When at Rome do as the Romans do. 入乡随俗。(文/张本芳 英语辅导报高三年级版2004-2005学年第24期；版权归英语辅导报社所有，独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育，未经许可，不得以任何形式进行转载。) 高中英语课外辅导：插入语与高考试题 2005/03/31 12:58 英语辅导报插入语是一种独立成分,与句子的其它成分一般没有语法上的关系,大都是对一句话作一些附加说明或解释。它通常由一个词、一个短语或一个句子构成,位置较为灵活,可置于句首、句中或句末,一般用逗号或破折号与句子隔开。下面以高考题为例,谈谈插入语的用法。一、形容词(短语)用作插入语常见的形容词有strange(奇怪的),sure enough (果然),worse still (更糟糕的是),even better(更好的),strange to say(说也奇怪), needless to say(不用说), most important of all(最为重要的)等。例如:Sure enough, enemy planes came again the next day. 果然敌机第二天又来了。Strange, he often forgot to turn off the lights. 真奇怪,他经常忘记关灯。原题再现Greenland, _island in the world, covers over two million square kilometers.A. it is the largestB. that is the largestC. is the largestD. the largest答案:D二、副词(短语)用作插入语常用作插入语的副词有indeed(的确), surely (无疑), however(然而), obviously(显然), frankly(坦率地说), naturally(自然), luckily / happily for sb.(算某人幸运), fortunately(幸好), strangely(奇怪), honestly(老实说), briefly (简单地说)等。原题再现Two middle-aged passengers fell into the sea. _, neither of them could swim.A. In fact B. Luckily C. Unfortunately D. Naturally答案:C 三、介词短语用作插入语常用作插入语的介词短语有in a few words / in sum / in short (简而言之),on the contrary(相反), in other words (换句话说), in a sense (在某种意义上), in general(一般说来), in my view (在我看来),in conclusion (总之), in summary(概括地说), in fact(事实上), at first (首先), in addition (此外), of course(当然),to my joy / delight / satisfaction. (使我欣慰 / 高兴 / 满意的是), for instance / example(例如),as a matter of fact (事实上) 等。原题再现 Boris has brains. In fact, I doubt whether anyone in the class has _IQ.A. a high B. a higher C. the higher D. the highest Your performance in the driving test didnt reach the required standard _, you failed.A. in the end B. after all C. in other words D. at the same time Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, _, of course , made the others envy him. A. whoB. thatC. whatD. which答案: B C D四、不定式短语用作插入语to be frank (坦率地说),to tell (you )the truth (老实说),to be sure (无疑地), to sum up (概括地说)等。例如:Thats a wonderful idea, to be sure!这个主意好极了,肯定的!To sum up, success results from hard work.总之,成功来自于努力。五、分句用作插入语常用作插入语的分句有:I think(我认为),do you suggest / suppose (你建议 / 猜测),I hope (我希望),Im afraid (恐怕),whats more (而且),whats worse (更糟糕的是),you see (你知道),I am sure(我可以肯定地说),I wonder(我不知道), that is (也就是说),it seems(看来是),as I see it(照我看来),what is important (重要的是),believe it or not (信不信由你)等。原题再现 As I know, there is _ car in this neighborhood. A. no such B. no a C. not such D. no such a It is so nice to hear from her. _, we last met more than thirty years ago.A. Whats more B. That is to say C. In other words D. Believe it or not _ be sent to work there?A. Who do you suggest B. Who do you suggest that shouldC. Do you suggest who should D. Do you suggest whom should How do you _ we go to Beijing for our holidays?I think wed better fly there. Its much more comfortable.A. insistB. wantC. suppose D. suggest She has set a new record, that is, the sales of her latest book _ 50 million.A. have reached B. has reachedC. are reachingD. had reached答案: A D A D A六、有时说完一句话之后,再补充几个词或一句话,以作进一步解释说明,这也是一种插入语,前面常用破折号。原题再现 Let Harry play with your toys as well, Clareyou must learn to _.A. support B. care C. spare D. share If you want helpmoney or anything, let me know, _ you? A. dont B. will C. shallD. do答案: D B (文/籍万杰 英语辅导报高三年级版2004-2005学年第22期；版权归英语辅导报社所有，独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育，未经许可，不得以任何形式进行转载。) 中英语课外辅导：否定句中的非否定现象 2005/03/31 12:58 英语辅导报有些英语句子不可“貌相”(望文生义),它们明明看起来是否定形式,有时却可以表示肯定的意义,甚至表示非常强烈的肯定意义。由此,语言的神奇妙用被体现得淋漓尽致。本文对这一有趣的语言现象进行了归纳总结,以期能给英语学习者带来一点新意扑面、趣在其中的感觉。1. can / could not.too表示“无论怎样也不过分”。例如:You cannot be too careful when crossing the street. 穿越马路时,再怎么小心也不为过。You can never be too careful in performing an experiment. 做实验越仔细越好。2. can / could not.enough意为“无论怎么都不够”,表示强烈的肯定。例如:I cannot thank you enough. 我对你感激不尽。You cant be careful enough. 你越小心越好。3. too.not to表示“太不会不”,具有肯定意义。例如:He is too careful not to have noticed it. 他那么小心,一定会注意到这一点的。4. never too.to是对too.to的再否定,表示肯定。例如:Its never too old to learn. 活到老,学到老。5. not.for nothing中,not用来否定for nothing,从而加强了谓语的肯定意义。例如:He didnt study law for nothing. 他学法律并没有白费。Believe me, he did not fly into such a rage for nothing. 请相信我,他勃然大怒是有原因的。6. nothing if not表示“极其”,含强烈的肯定意义。例如:He was nothing if not clever. 他很聪明。The story was nothing if not interesting. 故事极其有趣。7. nothing less than表示“完全是”,有肯定的含义。例如:What he said was nothing less than a lie. 他说的纯属谎言。His negligence was nothing less than criminal. 他的粗心大意无异于犯罪。8. nothing but表示“只有,只不过”,含肯定意义。例如:We could see nothing but water. 我们只看见一大片水。She does nothing but listen to records. 她除了听唱片什么也不做。9. no的否定意义很强,和具有否定意义的名词连用,来表示强烈的肯定。例如:She is no fool. (She is very clever.) 她绝不是傻瓜。There is no question that Mr. Smith is the boss. 毫无疑问,史密斯先生就是老板。10. 双重否定表示强烈的肯定。例如:Nobody had nothing to eat. =Everyone has something to eat. 每个人都有吃的。11. not.until / till表示“直到才”,具有肯定的意义。例如:She didnt stop working u