报刊英语学习入门.doc

报刊选读复习答疑I. List the most famous newspapers and magazines in America and Britain and news agencies in the world.American newspapers:1. The New York Times2. The Washington Post3. Los Angles Times4. USA Today5. The Wall Street Journal6. The Christian Science Monitor7. International Herald TribuneAmerican magazines:1. Time2. Newsweek3. U.S. News &. World Report4. Readers Digest5. Fortune6. Far Eastern Economic Review7. Business WeekBritish newspapers:1. The Times2. Financial Times3. The Guardian4. The Daily TelegraphyThe Times is read by the people who run the country. The Guardian is read by the people who like to run the country. The Financial Times is read by the people who own the country. The Daily Telegraphy is read by the country who remember the country as it used to be.5. Daily Mirror6. The Sun7. Daily Express8. Daily Mail9. Daily StarBritish Magazines:1. The Economist2. The Spectator3. New StatesmanNews Agencies:1. AP - Associated Press ( America )2. UPI - United Press International ( America )3. Reuters - Reuters News Agency ( Britain )4. PA - Press Association ( Britain )5. AFP - Agence France Presse ( France )6. DPA -( Germen )7. ANSA - ( Italy )8. Tass - Russia9. Press Trust of India - ( India )10. Kuydo News Service - Japan11. Xinhua News Agency - Chinal CNN - Cable News NetworkII. 名词作定语1. bankruptcy lawyer 处理破产诉讼的律师 bankrupt businessman破了产的商人2. economy measure 节约措施 economic measure经济措施3. efficiency expert 研究提高工作效率的专家 efficient worker工作效率高的工人4. obesity specialist 肥胖病专家 obese specialist胖专家5. riot police 防暴警察 riotous police闹事的警察6. capacity audience 满座的听众或观众 capacious room 宽敞的房间8. debt specialist处理债务问题的专家9. Gulf War 海湾战争10. affluence society 富裕社会11. fire department 消防署/队12. drug ring 毒品或贩度毒集团 drug team 缉毒队III. Acoronym1. AID - Agency for International Development2. AIDS - Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome3. APEC - Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Forum4. ATM - Automatic Teller Machine5. CD - Compact Disk6. CEO - Chief Executive Officer7. CIA - Central Intelligence Agency8. CIS - Commonwealth of Independent States9. DNA -deoxyribonucleic acid10. EU - European Union11. FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions12. FBI - Federal Bureau of Investigation13. GMT - Greenwich Mean Time14. GNP - Gross National Product15. IMF - International Monetary Fund16. KIA - Killed in Action17. LCD - Liquid Crystal Display18. M&A - Merge and Acquisition19. MIA - Missing In Action20. MIT - Massachusetts Institute of Technology21. M.P - Member of Parliament22. NASA - National Aeronautics and Space Administration23. NATO - North Atlantic Treaty Organization24. NBA - National Basketball Association25. POW - Prisoner Of War26. SEZ - Special Economic Zone27. Sonar - Sound navigation ranging28. UFO - Unidentified Flying Object29. WHO - World Health Organization30. WTO - World Trade Organization31. BBC - British Broadcasting Corporation32. DIY - do it yourself33. DJ - disk jockey Dow Jones & Co.34. DVD - digital video disc35. IBM - Inter-continental Ballistic Missile36. IBM - International Business Machines37. IDD - International Direct Dial38. IOU - I own you39. IP - Internet Protocol40. IT - information technology41. LA - Los Angeles42. NY - New York43. Nasdaq - National Association of Securitied Dealers Automated Quotations44. NYSE - New York Stock Exchange45. Opec - Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries46. SIM - Subscribers Identification Module47. VCD - video compact disc48. VIP - Very Important PersonsIV. Abbreviations1. ad -advertizement 2. agro - agricultural3. brunch - breakfast lunch 4. dorm - dormitory5. expo - exposition 6. ecopolitics - economic politics7. econotrade - economic trade 8. flu - influenza9. frige - refrigerator 10. gym - gymnasium11. copter - helicopter 12. motel - motor hotel13. lab - laboratory 14. paratrooper - parachute trooper15. Interpol - International Police 16. telecast - television broadcast17. slurb - slum suburb 18. smog - smoke fog19. medicare - medical care 20. sci-fi film -science-fiction film21. teleconference - telephone conference 22. N-test - nuclear test23. L. America - Latin America 24. S. Africa - South Africa25. sub- submarine 26. vet - veteran27. exam - examinationV. Midget words1. TV Airs “Facts” on Arms Delivery. To make known2. Soviets Assail US on A-test to criticize strongly3. Governor to Axe Aide? To dismiss from a job Labour Axe Colleges in Tory Towns to cut, destroy, take away4. Unions Back Peace Move to support5. Union Balks at Court Order to refuse to accept6. Bus Ban on Pupils after Attack on Crew prohibition7. Club Faces Shutdown for Barring Women not to allow, exclude8. Man Claims Ghost Sighting to declare to be trueBombs Claim 40 to kill9. Pay Pits Deal Hope agreement10. Peace Drive Succeeds campaign, effort11. Greek FM Due Today expected12. American Envoy Taken Hostage diplomat13. Womens Groups Eye Court Vote to watch with interest14. FBI Foils Bid to Hijack Plane to Iran to prevent from succeeding15. Jewel Heist Foilled theft16. Fuel Strike Hits Hospital to affect badly17. 7 Hold for Gambling to keep in police control; detain18. Thailand, Malaysia Ink Sea Treaty to sign19. Warsaw Pact Lashes out at Nato Missile Plan to criticize strongly; accuse20. PM Lauds Community Spirit to praise21. Israel Softens Line position; demand22. Carter Man in China representative23. Jail Ordeal Ends painful experience, drama24. Minister Quits: Tired of Office an important government position25. Pit Talks End coal mine26. Swedish Poll Shows Swing to Right election, public opinion survey Voters Go to the Polls in Japan voting station27. Jail Chief Sacked dismiss from a job28. 14 Held for US Embassy Sacking to search thoroughly and rob29. New Stance Toward Power Cuts attitude; way of thinking30. Rainy Season Stems Refugee Exit to prevent or stop31. Drug Swoop in Mayfair sudden attack or raid32. Peace Talks Threatened discussions33. Post Office Profits Top $40 M to exceed34. Senate Trims Budget to cut35. Irish Top Ranks Vie for Office to compete36. Factory Walkout Threat over Sacking strike (often unofficial)37. Reagan Weighs Tax Increase to consider VI. Famous universities in America and BritainAmericaThe Ivy League: Brown University Columbia University Cornell UniversityDartmouth College Harvard University University of PennsylvaniaPrinceton University Yale UniversityStanford M.I.T. Julliard SchoolBritainOxford University Cambridge University London UniversityVII. Headlines1. Italian Ex-Mayor Murdered: An Italian Ex-mayor is Murdered2. Married Women to Get Care Allowance: Married Women Are to Get Care Allowance3. Rail Chaos Getting Worse: The Rail Chaos Is Getting Worse4. No Survivors in Gulf Air Crash: There are No Survivors in the Gulf Air Crash5. Alaskan Oil for Japan: Will There Be Alaskan Oil for Japan?6. Have Dollars, Will Sell : If You Have Dollars, They Will Sell7. Ballots, Not Bullets: Algerians Want Ballots, Do Not Want Bullets8. When America Itself Is the Target: When America Itself Is the Target, the Reaction in America Has Been Much Greater Than That in Britain to the Bombs in Docklands and Manchester)9. Thailand, Malaysia Ink Sea Treaty: Thailand And Malaysia Ink a Sea Treaty10. Woman Kills Husband, Self: A Woman Kills Her Husband and Herself11. Volunteer, Terrorist Killed in an Ambush: A Volunteer and a Terrorist Are Killed in an Ambush12. Chinese Cooks: Masters at Turning a Turning a Turnip into a Flower: Chinese Cooks Are Masters at Turning a Turning a Turnip into a Flower13. Mao: We Should Support Third World Countries: Mao Says That We Should Support the Third World Countries14. 13 Die as Crowded Van Crosses M4: 13 Persons Died as Crowed Van Crossed M415. Jeweler Is Slain: A Jeweler Was Slain16. Schools Ask Parents for Money Toward Books: Schools Are Asking Parents for Money Toward Books17. Swedish Oil Deliveries Halt as Strike Spreads: Swedish Oil Deliveries Will Halt as Strike Spreads18. EU Plans to Boost Frances Recovery: EU Plans Have Boosted Frances Recovery19. Peking to Fire Test Rocket to South Pacific: Peking is to/is going to Fire Test Rocket to South Pacific20. At Least 4 to Leave Cabinet as Clinton Begins New Transition: At Least 4 Are Going to Leave Cabinet as Clinton Begins New TransitionVII. Vocabulary1. Politics: Britain: Parliament: House of Lords ( the Upper House )-Lord High Chancellor; House of Commons ( the Lower House )- Speaker MP ( member of Parliament)The Labour Party and the Conservative PartyAmerica:Secretary of State the Democratic Party the Republican PartyCongress Senate - the President of the Senate House of Representatives - the Speaker of the House or the House Speaker ElectionMidterm election 中期选举 Off-year election 非大选年的选举Redistricting 选区重划 Political Action Committee 竞选活动委员会Caucus 政党地方组织骨干会议 Primary 党内选举Super Tuesday 超级星期二 Front loading 前期吃重或头重脚轻的预选Positive campaigning 积极的正面竞选 Negative campaigning 攻击性竞选活动High road竞选的）正道 Low road （竞选的）歪道Front runner 领先者 Gender gap 性别差异Matching funds 对等资金 Public finding 公共资助Bundling 捆绑资金 Convention （政党）代表大会Platform 政纲 Protest vote 投抗议票Plurality rule 简单多数原则2. Generation:Babyboom Generation:婴儿潮一代Beat Generation:垮了的一代GI Generation: government issue generation 美国军人的一代Lost generation: 迷惘的一代Me generation:自我为中心的一代Sandwich generation: 夹心的一代Silent/Silence generation: 静默的一代，心满意足的一代Stolen Generation: 被偷走的一代Thirteenth Generation:第13代， 无名的一代Generation E ( entrepreneur ): 年轻企业家一代Generation gap: 代沟Generation X:X一代，被认为是“被遗忘的一代”Generation XXL:特大号的一代Generation Y: Y一代， 他们拥有的是因特网。3. 委婉语comfort woman - military prostitute comfort station: military brothelcall girl/ street walker - prostitute the oldest profession in the world - prostitutionsocial disease - venereal disease destabilize - subvertpreventive action - illegal activities incursion - invasionpreemptive action/ preventive strike(war)/ protective reaction - aggressionpacification/ air support - bombing payload - warheadphased withdrawal/ strategic withdrawal/ retrograde maneuver - rout/heavy defeatretrograde maneuver - retreat atomic device - atomic bombvehicle - missile one-way mission - suicidal attackcollateral damage - civilian casualities strategic village/hamlet - concentration campenergetic disassembly - nuclear accident revenue enhancement - tax increaseinoperative statement / terminological inexactitude- lieconcede the election - admit defeat ( in the election )take a walk - leave the party entitlement(s) program - social security programwelfare mother - jobless motherpoor - the culturally disadvantaged/the deprived/ the disadvantaged/ the have-nots/ the indigent/the needy/ the culturally deprived/ the underprivilegedthe poor nations - the South/ the Third World/ the Fourth World/ the developing nations/ the underdeveloped nationsthe old - the graying Army/ the senior citizens/ the aged/ the aging/ the sunset years/ getting on in years/ past ones prime/ feeling ones age/ the second childhood/ stricken in yearsdismiss/ sack/ fire - ease out/ get the walking ticket ( papers) / lay off/ select out/ show sb the door/ slim4.EUanti-European 反欧洲（统一）派（的） euro 欧元Eurodefense 欧洲防御 Eurodoubts对欧洲统一的怀疑（症）Eurofanatic 狂热支持欧洲者 Europhile 亲欧盟者Europhobe 恐欧盟者 Europhoria 对欧洲统一的兴奋（症）Euroskeptic 欧洲怀疑论者（的） Opt-out 不参与Opt-out clause 不参与条款 Pro-European 亲欧派（的）5常见借喻词 （metonymy）bald eagle - bald political leaders Broadway - American drama circlecapitol - state government in America Capitol ( Hill )- American parliament Donkey -( America) the Democratic PartyElephant - (America) the Republican PartyHollywood - American entertainment industryJohn - American Langley - CIAMadison Avenue - American Ad industry Oval Office - office of American PresidentPentagon - American Defense Department Uncle Sam - American government or AmericanWall Street - American Financial center Washington - American governmentWhite House - American AdministrationBuckingham Palace - residence of British royal familyCity - British financial/business circleDowning Street - British government Lion - BritainLondon - British government Scotland Yard - London policeWestminster - British government Windsor - British loyal familyWhitehall - British government and its policyAndea - Latin America Kremlin/Moscow - former Soviet Union; RussiaEvan - Russian Zhongnanhai/Beijing - China; Chinese government6. American film rating system:G-rated: also called family films/movies; general audienceM-rated films: mature audienceR-rated films: restrictedX-ra