英语中的连系动词用法.doc

英语中的连系动词用法一、连系动词基本用法连系动词是表示不完全谓语关系的动词，它与其后的表语一起构成谓语。常见的连系动词有be(是)，become(成为)，get(变成)，remain(还是)，seem(似乎是)，look(看上去)，feel(感觉)等。连系动词后的表语通常是名词和形容词，有时也可以是代词、数词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动名词、从句等：His English is excellent.他的英语很棒。(跟形容词)He is a famous poet.他是著名诗人。(跟名词)Money isnt everything金钱不是一切。(跟代词)She was the first to arrive她是第一个到达的人。(跟数词)Who is upstairs?谁在楼上？(跟副词)He is with his friends.他和朋友在一起。(跟介词短语)He seems to be ill.他似乎病了。(跟不定式)Seeing is believing.眼见为实。(跟动名词)This is what you need.这就是你需要的。(跟从句)二、学习连系动词应注意的两点1.关于连系动词后接副词作表语连系动词后通常可接形容词作表语，一般不接副词：误：His English is very well.他的英语很好。(应将well改为good)误：Be carefully.小心点。(应将carefully改为careful)误：The soup tastes nicely.这汤味道不错。(应将nicely改为nice)但是，有时连系动词后也可接副词作表语，不过这主要限于in, on, off, out, away, behind, up, down, over, through, around, round, below, inside, outside等少数副词小品词以及here, there, upstairs, downstairs等少数表示地点或方位的副词：Mother wasnt in last night.母亲昨晚不在家。The meeting was over at five.会议五点结束。Come along. The taxi is outside.来吧，出租车在外面。Mother is downstairs waiting for you.母亲在楼下等你。2.关于连系动词后接不定式(1)连系动词be后根据情况可自由地接不定式作表语：My dream is to be a scientist.我的梦想是当一名科学家。All I could do was to wait.我只能等。My plan was to go from London to Paris.我计划从伦敦去巴黎。I was to have seen Mr. Kay.我本要去见凯先生的。(2)seem, appear, prove, continue, turn out, get, grow, come等连系动词后也可接不定式(尤其是to be)作表语：She always seems to be sad.她常常显得很忧伤。My advice proved to be wrong.我的意见证明是错的。She appears to have many friends.他好像有很多朋友。The weather turned out to be fine.天气结果很好。Circumstances continue to be favorable.情况仍然是有利的。He has grown to like studying English.他渐渐喜欢学英语了。【注】若所接不定式为to be，通常可以省略。不过，若其后接的是表语形容词，则to be通常不宜省略。另外，连系动词look后能否接to be似乎尚有争论，不过，在现代英语中接to be的现象已较普遍。(3)sound, smell, feel, taste, become等连系动词后通常不能接不定式：误：These oranges taste to be good. (应去掉to be)误：The roses smell to be nice. (应去掉to be)(4)有的连系动词后接的从句可用不定式来改写：It seems that shes right. / She seems to be right.她似乎是对的。It appears that you have made a mistake. / You appear to have made a mistake.似乎你弄错了。英语连系动词的分类(1)状态系动词：只有be一词。如：She is always like that.她总是那样。I am used to going about alone.我习惯于独来独往。These shoes are too tight for me.这双鞋我穿太小。(2)持续系动词：表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, remain, stay, rest, lie, stand。如：I hope youll keep fit.我希望你身体好。He always kept silent at meeting.他开会时总保持沉默。The door remained closed.门仍然关着。We can remain friends.我们可以继续做朋友。Please stay seated.请继续坐着。He stayed single.他仍然是单身。(3)表像系动词：表示“看起来好像”，主要有seem, appear, look等。如：He looks tired.他看起来很累。He seems (to be) quite happy.他好像很快活。The doctor seemed very capable.那医生似乎很能干。He appeared quite well.他显得身体相当好。He appeared taken aback.他似乎很吃惊。She appeared perplexed.她显得迷惑不解。(4)感官系动词：表示“起来”，有feel(摸起来，感觉) , smell(闻起来) , sound(听起来) , taste(尝起来，吃起来)等。如：This kind of cloth feels very soft.这种布摸起来很软。He looks honest, but actually hes a rogue.他看起来很老实，实际他是一个坏蛋。They all look alike to me.他们的模样我看起来都一样。Everybody feels contented.每个人都感到很满足。Ice feels cold.冰感觉起来是凉的。Silk feels soft and smooth.丝绸摸起来很柔软平滑。It sounds a good idea.这听起来是个好主意。This food tastes good.这菜好吃。【注意】：由于英语的系动词均“不及物”，所以它们不能用于被动语态。但是，值得注意的是，英语中表示感官的系动词，如feel(摸起来，感觉)，smell(闻起来)，sound(听起来)，taste(尝起来，吃起来)等，由于它们按汉语意思理解好像含有被动意义，很容易弄错。如：玻璃摸起来是光滑的。误：Glass is felt smooth.正：Glass feels smooth.析：汉语说“摸起来”，其实就是指“被摸起来”，似乎含有被动意义，很容易错用被动语态。这牛奶闻起来有酸味了。误：The milk is smelt sour.正：The milk smells sour.析：汉语说“闻起来”，其实就是指“被闻起来”，似乎含有被动意义，很容易错用被动语态。(5)变化系动词：表示主语变成什么样，主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run如：He became mad after that.自那之后，他疯了。She had grown thinner and thinner.她越来越瘦了。His cold was growing worse.他的感冒越来越严重了。Shes growing fat.她正在发胖。Hes grown used to it.他对此已经习惯。When she saw this, she turned red.她看到这，脸红了。His hair turned grey in a few weeks.在几个星期中他头发就变灰白了。The milk will soon turn sour.牛奶很快就会变酸。Several people fell ill, victims of blood poisoning.几个人生病了，都是血中毒的受害者。We get wiser as we get old.随着年岁的增长，我们也变得聪明些了。Your hair has gone quite white!你的头发全白了!She went pale at the news.听到这消息，她脸色变得苍白。When I mentioned it to him he went red.我对他提及此事时他脸红了。He went mad.他疯了()。The children must not go hungry.孩子们不能挨饿。(6)终止系动词：主要有prove, turn out(结果是，证明是)等。如：His story proved false.他讲的情况原来是假的。His advice proved sound.他的劝告证明是对的。My intuition turned out to be correct.我的直觉证明是对的。系动词可接哪些词语作表语连系动词后的表语通常是名词和形容词，有时也可以是代词、数词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动名词、从句等。如：1.用名词作表语。如：Translation is an art.翻译是一种艺术。Beijing is a beautiful city.北京是一座美丽的城市。2.用形容词表作语。如：Traveling is interesting but tiring.旅行是有趣的，但是使人疲劳。Every hour and every minute is important.每一小时，每一分钟，都很宝贵。3.用代词作表语。如：My idea is this.我的想法是这样的。Money isnt everything.金钱不是一切。His latest play is nothing.他最近出的那个剧本毫无价值。4.用数词作表语。如：Tom is 14.汤姆14岁。Last check-in time is 20:15.最后检票时间为20点15分。The average of letters received each month is 3,000.每月平均收到信件3,000封。5.用副词作表语。如：The secret is out.机密泄漏了。Sales are down.销售量下降了。She is off on Saturday.她星期六不工作。6.用介词短语作表语。如：Dinner is at six. 6点钟开饭。I hope he is on time.我希望他准时。Martha still is in hospital.马撒还在医院里。Diana was with the children.戴安娜和孩子们在一起。You look like your sister.你模样像你姐姐。7.用不定式作表语。如：His goal is to be a doctor.他的目标是当医生。My duty is to protect my sisters.我的职责是保护我的妹妹们。My advice to you is to speak the truth.我对你的忠告是讲真话。My dream is to travel around the world.我的梦想是环游世界。8.用动名词作表语。如：Her hobby is growing roses.她的爱好是种植玫瑰。H