中国文化通览五-九单元提纲.doc

中国文化通览提纲五 中国文化瑰宝1. 四书五经。诗经我国第一步诗歌总集。尚书我国上古部分史料的汇编。“三礼”指仪礼、周礼和礼记。周易分易经和易传。春秋鲁国史书，也是世界上最早的一部编年史。大学作于汉初，是礼记中一篇论述在古代的“大学”阶段如何学习修身和治国之道的文章。中庸礼记中另一篇文章，讲儒家的处世哲学。论语是孔子及其弟子时人的言行录。孟子集中体现了孟子的哲学思想和政治思想。2. 京剧与地方戏曲京剧：国粹评剧：北方地方戏越剧：源于浙江农村豫剧：源于河南黄梅戏：18世纪后期在安徽、湖北和江西三省毗邻地区以黄梅采茶调为主的民间歌舞基础上发展而成的一种小戏。河北梆子：河北省地方戏Chinese Culture:An Introduction五Gems of the Chinese Culture1.The Fore Books and The Five ClassicsThe Book of Poetry:the first major collection of Chinese poems.The Book of History:an incomplete collection of the history of ancient China.The Book of Rites:includes Yi Li ,Zhou Li and Li Ji.Zhou Yi or The Book of Changes:Yi Jing and Yi Zhuan.The Spring and Autumn Annals:a canonical book of history which ,is a combination of cannot and history.The Great Learning:written in the early Han Dynasty,is in fact an essay in The Book of Rites.The Doctrine of the Mean:another essay in The Book of Rites.The Confucian Analects:a collection of the sayings and teachings of Confucius and his disciples.The Works of Mencius:a collection of anecdotes about the teachings of Master Meng Ke,or Mencius.2.Beijing Opera and Local Operas Beijing Opera:a cultural symbol of ChinaPingju:popular in North and Northest ChinaYueju:originated in shengxian County,Zhejiang ProvinceYuju:originated in HenanHuangmei Opera:based on the folk songs and dances in the bordering area of Anhui,Hubei and Jiangxi provinces in late 18th century.Hebei Bangzi:major forms of local opera in Hebei Province.吕剧：山东省地方戏川剧：西南几省的地方戏3. 中国书画中国传统人物画：人物活动为只要描写对象中国传统山水画：自然风景为只要描写对象中国传统花鸟画：动植物为只要描写对象中国书法：中国特有的具有悠久历史和民族特色的传统艺术4. 生活中的文化符号文房四宝：笔、墨、纸、砚中国对联：俗称对子，是我国一种独特的文学艺术形式中国印章：即玺印篆刻，是依附于书法而又具有相对独立性的一种传统艺术形式六 中国民间艺术与竞技1. 民间工艺木版年画，剪纸，风筝，刺绣，纺织，印染，陶瓷，金银玉器，竹木藤器，泥塑。2. 民间游艺社火：源于古老的土地崇拜，今天已变为各地节庆日的大型群众文艺游乐活动。烟花炮竹：逢年过节燃放烟花爆竹，已成为我国节日文化中不可或缺的内容之一。闹花灯：正月十五的主要民俗活动。Lvju: major forms of local opera in Shandong Province.Chuanju:a folk lantern play of Sichuan Province3.Chinese Painting and CalligraphyTraditional Chinese Figure Painting:with human activities as the major objects of description. Traditional Chinese Landscape Painting: natural landscape are its object of description.Traditional Chinese Flower-and-Bird Painting:animals and plants are its subjects.Chinese Calligraphy:native to China,is a traditional characteristic features.4.Cultural Tokens in Daily LifeThe Four Treasures of the Study:writing brush,ink-stick,paper and ink-slab.Duilian or Chinese Couplets:also known as dui zi,is a unique literary genre in China.Chinese Seals:though based on Chinese calligraphy,is a comparatively independent traditional art form.六Folk Arts and Sports1.Folk HandicraftBlock-Printed chinese New Year Pictures;Paper-Cut;Kites;Embroidery;Textile;Printing and Dyeing;Ceramics;Gold,Silver and Jade Wares;Bamboo,Wood,and Rattan Work;Clay and DoughFigure Modelling.2.Folk Performance and EntertainmentShehuo：Originally referring to sacrifice rituals to gnome,shehuo is now a general term for all kinds of recreational activities in festivals.Firecrackers and Fireworks:one of the essential parts of Chinese festival culture.Lantern Show:falls on the 15th of the first month of the Chinese New Year.踩高跷：由表演者脚踩木跷扮演人物、故事的表演艺术。耍龙灯：一种以龙形道具为主体，十数人共同表演的大型民间艺术形式。狮子舞：由两人或一人身披狮型服装表演的民间艺术形式。跑旱船：是指女演员身上套、挎着船型道具扮坐船、男演员手持船篙扮划船，二人共同表演的一种民间表演艺术。花鼓、腰鼓：一种多由男女二人对唱对舞的民间歌舞艺术形式3. 民间竞技中国武术：我国人民在长期的生产和社会实践中不断积累和丰富起来的一种传统民间竞技技术。中国象棋：源于古老的博弈游戏，发展到现代，中国象棋游戏规则已经非常规范。龙舟竞技：是用一种狭长的龙形舟船、由多人同时划桨进行的划船竞赛活动，通常于每年农历的五月初五在各地知名的江河湖泊中举行，是一种传统的民间利于竞赛项目。拔河：一项由人数相等的双方对拉一根又长又粗的绳索以比较力量的传统民间竞技活动。七 中国风土人情1. 饮食文化中国烹饪：讲究色、香、味和营养。中国筷子：中国进餐习俗中的一绝，至今已有数千年历史。Stilts-Walking:a pair of long,slender poles each equipped with a raised footrest to enable the user to walk elevated above the ground.Dragon Lantern Dance:a unique folk dance in China.Lion Dance:a folk show performed by one or two persons wrapped around with lion skin costume.Boating Dance:a folk dance with one dancer playing the woman passenger carrying the prop boat around her and another playing the boatman with an oar.Colored Drum Dance and Waist Drum Dance:a folk singing and dancing performance acted by a male and a female,or by many people in some places.3.Folk Sports Chinese Wushu:a valuable cultural heritage of the Chinese nation,is a traditional Chinese sport with a unique national characteristic.Chinese Chess:Chinese chess originates from ancient bo and yi games.Today,Chinese chess has very standardized and specific rules of the game.The Dragon-Boat Race:a boating game involving dragon-shaped long canoes propelled by a crew of many paddlers in unison.Tug-of-War:a traditional folk sport,tug-of-war is a test of strength in which two teams with equal number of participants pull against each other on a rope,each trying to pull the other over the winning line.七Chinese Folk Culrures1.The Dietetic CultureChinese Culinary Arts:attaches great importance to color,aroma,taste and nutrition.Chinese Chopsticks:with a history of 中国宴席礼仪：讲究座次，上菜顺序和摆菜位置，进食的规范和主客的礼仪。2. 酒文化酒文化的源流：商代饮酒风气极盛，明清出现不少地方名酒。酒令：一种饮酒时的游戏。中国名酒：茅台、西凤、绍兴加饭酒等。3. 茶文化茶文化发展：西汉时期，已有饮茶习惯；魏晋南北朝时，饮茶成为上层人物中间的一种时尚；唐代，中国茶文化成熟时期；宋代，饮酒盛行不衰；元代，饮茶成为日常生活极为平常的事；明清时期：饮茶方式不断丰富。中国茶艺：一是选茶择器，二冲泡斟酌，三闻香品饮茶的品种：有绿茶、红茶、花茶、乌龙茶、白茶、紧压茶六大茶系。4. 姓氏文化包括姓、氏、名、字和号。5. 节日文化节日起源于古代历法。春节：每年农历的正月初一。清明节：每年公历4月4日（或5日）。端午节：每年农历五月初五。thousands of years,are a wonder ofChinese dining utensils.The Etiquette of Chinese Banquets:seat order,the order of serving dishesn and the way dishes are set on the table.2.The Wine CultureDrinking Etiquette:popular in Shang Dynasty,Ming and Qing appear many famous wines.Wager game:a drinkers wager gameFamous Chinese Wine:Maotai,Xifeng,Shaoxingjiafan etc.3.The Tea CultureTea Culture Development: Western Han Dynasty, tea drinking habits have been; Southern Dynasties, tea became a fashion among the elite; the Tang Dynasty, Chinese tea culture mature period; Song, drinking powerful as ever; the Yuan Dynasty, tea drinking become a daily A very common thing; Ming and Qing Dynasties: drinking tea continuously enriched.Chinese Tea: One election tea Selector, two brewing discretion, drinking three aromaVarieties of tea: green tea, black tea, jasmine tea, oolong tea, white tea, tea, compressed tea, Department of the six.4.The Name CultureIncluding xing/shi/ming/zi and hao.5.The festival CultureHoliday originated in the ancient calendarSpring Festival:on the first day of the first month according to the lunar calendar.Chinas Tomb Sweeping Day:April the fourth or fifth of the solar year(according to the Gregorian calendar).The Dragon Boat Festival:falls on the fifth lunar minth.乞巧节：每年农历七月初七。中秋节：每年农历八月十五。重阳节：每年农历九月初九。八 中国地理文化1. 古城古迹中国八大古都：郑州、西安、北京、洛阳、开封、南京、杭州、安阳。中国著名古城及其名胜古迹：南京城、山西平遥、湖南凤凰和云南丽江、大理等古城。中国历史文化名城：天津、济南、曲阜、武汉等。2. 景点景观中国各级风景名胜区共677个。自然景观：黄山、庐山、武夷山、武陵源、长江山峡等。人文景观：八达岭、洛阳龙门、临潼骊山风景区等。3. 名山五月：东岳泰山、西岳华山、南岳衡山、北岳恒山、中岳嵩山。佛教名山：五台山、九华山、普陀山、峨眉山。道教名山：龙虎山。风景名山：雁荡山、路南石林、巫山、天山、五大连池火山群等。Qiqiao Festival:falls on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month.The Mid-autumn Festival:falls on the 15th of the eightyh lunar month.Double Ninth Festival:falls on the ninth day of the ninth lunar month.八Chinese Geographical Culture1.Ancient Cities and Historical SitesThe Ejght Greatest Ancient Capitals:Zhengzhou,Xian,Beijing,Luoyang,Kaifeng,Nanjing,Hangzhou and Anyang.Famous Chinese Ancient Cities and Historical Sites:Nanjiang,Pingyao Ancient City,Fenghuang Ancient City,the ancient city of Lijing and Dali Ancient City etc.Famous Historical and Cultural Cities in China:Tianjin,jinan,Qufu,Wuhan etc.2.Famous Scenic SpotsThere ae a total of 677 scenic spots in China at all levels.Scenic Areas Famous for Natural Landscapes:Mount Huang,Mount Lu,Mount Wuyi,Wulingyuan,Rivers etc.Scenic Areas of Culturan View:Badaling-Ming Tombs Scenic Area,Longmen Grottoes Scenic Area,Lishan Scenic Area etc.3.Famous MountainsThe “Five Sacred Mountains”:Mount Tai,Mount Hua,Mount Heng in Hunan Province,Mount Song.The “Four Sacred Buddhist Mountains”:Mount Wutai,Mount Jiuhua,Mount Putuo and Mount Emei.The “Four Sacred Taoist Mountains”:Mount Longhu,Mount Qingcehng,Mount Wudang and Mount Qiyun.Famous Scenic Mountains:Mount Yandang,The Stone Forest in 4. 河流湖泊中国的河流：长江、黄河、京杭大运河。中国的湖泊：西湖、蜀岗瘦西湖、无锡太湖、松花湖、滇池、青海湖、天山天池。九 中国建筑与园林1. 传统建筑风格传统建筑的发展阶段：原始社会至汉代形成期；魏晋南北朝发展期；隋唐成熟期；宋朝大变革时期；元朝继续发展时期；明清高峰时期。传统建筑风格特点：建筑材料以木材、砖瓦为主，采用梁柱式的弹性结构体系。中国传统建筑的类别：包括管式建筑和民间建筑两类。2. 著名传统建筑宫殿、陵墓、坛庙、祠堂、会馆、佛寺、石窟、塔、道教宫观、桥梁、楼阁、坊表、亭廊阙榭。3. 园林及其特色私家园林、北方皇家园林。英本103班周东方Lunan,Mount Wu,The Tianshan Mountain,Group Volcanoes in Wudalianchi etc.4.Famous Rivers and LakesFamous Chinese Rivers:The Changjiang River,The Yellow River,The Grand Canal.Famous Chinese Lakes:West Lake,Shouxi Lake,Taihu Lake in W