27 无人称动词.doc

无人称动词The impersonal pronoun il (it) is used in French when an action has noagent, that is, when there is no person or animate being responsible forthe action. The conjugated verb is always in the third person singular,no matter what tense the impersonal verb takes.Tex: Tiens, il pleut trs fort!Tex: Wow, it is raining really hard!The action of the verb (pleut, is raining) is an impersonal, naturalforce. The impersonal pronoun il is often referred to as a dummy subjectbecause it fills the syntactic position of subject but doesnt have anyreal meaning.1. weather expressions（天气）Weather expressions in both French and English require impersonalsubjects. The infinitive of weather verbs can only be conjugated in thethird person singular form (the il form).pleuvoir, to rain Il pleut. Its raining.neiger, to snow Il neige. Its snowing.grler, to sleet Il grle. Its sleeting.geler, to freeze Il gle. Its freezing.bruiner, to drizzle Il bruine. Its drizzling.Weather conditions are also expressed in French using the verb fairefollowed by an adjective or noun. Of course, when the verb faire is usedimpersonally in such weather expressions, it can only be conjugated inthe third person singular form (il fait). See faire expressions for amore complete list of weather expressions.Il fait chaud. Its hot.Il fait du vent. Its windy.Il fait beau. Its beautiful.2. falloir (il faut . . .) to be necessary（必需）The verb falloir only exists in the impersonal form (il faut). It alwaysexpresses the notion of necessity or obligation which is translated intoEnglish in various ways (must, should, have to). Falloir may befollowed by an infinitive as in (d), by a noun as in (c), or by asubordinate clause introduced by que as in (a); note that the verb in thesubordinate clause in (a) requires the subjunctive mood. Finally, it maybe preceded by a pronoun acting as an indirect object as in (b), a way toavoid the subjunctive.Comme la majorit des Fran?ais, Tex ne voit pas lintrt du scandaleLewinsky.Tammy (scandalise): Like the majority of the French, Tex does notsee the point of the Lewinsky scandal.Tammy (shocked):(a)Il faut que nous sachions la vrit. faut que + clauseIt is necessary that we know the truth. We should/must know the truth.(b)Il nous faut des preuves. indirect object + fautWe need evidence.(c)Il faut une enqute. faut + nounAn investigation is necessary.Tex: Mais tu sais bien ce qui sest pass!Tex: But you know what happened!(d)Il faut te calmer. faut + infinitiveIt is necessary that you calm down. You have to calm down.3. impersonal expressions with tre + adjective（tre + 形容词的无人称句）The impersonal subject il may appear with the verb tre followed by anadjective and an infinitive. Note that the infinitive is always introducedby the prepostion de in such impersonal expressions:Il est + adjective + de + infinitiveTex: Il est amusant de lire les journaux amricains!Tex: Its fun to read American newspapers!Tammy: Il est difficile de comprendre ton humour.Tammy: It is difficult to understand your sense of humor.4. other common impersonal expressionsIl y a, there is, there areil est + clock time (Il est deux heures, Its two oclock.)Il sagit de, to be about, to be a matter of, to be a question ofIl vaut mieux, to be better, to be advisable对话Listen to the dialogue:Tammy: Il est 18 h. Regardons le journal tlvis. Il y a un reportagesur linfidlit.Tammy: Its 6 oclock. Lets watch the news. Theres a report oninfidelity.Tex: Ah non, ?a alors. Il sagit seulement de tourmenter les prsidentset les tatous! Il vaut mieux changer de cha?ne!Tex: Oh, no, not that. Its only about tormenting presidents andarmadillos! Its better to change the channel!练习Complete with one of the following impersonal expressions: il fait, ilneige, il pleut, il gle, il est,il faut, il y a.1. Tammy : En t, au Texas, _ trs chaud.2. Edouard : Les escargots et les canards aiment leau. Ils aiment quand_.3. Joe-Bob : _ visiter lAlamo une fois dans sa vie!4. Tammy : Regarde, _ jour, le soleil se lve!5. Tex : Oh, cest tard, _ rentrer. Tammy ne va pas tre contente.6. Tammy : _ difficile de comprendre Tex.7. Tammy : A UT, _ environ 50 000 tudiants.8. Bette : Tu as lheure? Oh, no