第十七章 高校英语专业八级考试.doc

第十七章 高校英语专业八级考试2005年英语专业八级考试大纲一 考试目的本考试的目的是全面检查已完成英语专业高年级阶段课程的学生是否达到了大纲所规定的英语语言综合运用能力标准以及英语专业知识的要求。二 考试的性质与范围本考试属于标准参考性教学检查类考试.考试范围包括大纲所规定的听、读、写、译四个方面的能力以及英语专业知识.三 考试时间、对象与命题本考试在英语专业第八学期举行,每年一次.考试对象为英语专业四年级学生.本考试由教育部高等学校外语专业教学指导委员会英语组组织有关命题专家命题, 外语专业教学指导委员会办公室负责考试的实施.四 考试形式为了有效考核学生综合运用英语进行交际的能力,既兼顾考试的科学性、客观性,又考虑到考试的可行性以及高年级阶段英语水平评估的特点,本考试采用多种考试形式,以保证考试的效度和信度.五 考试内容本考试共有六个部分:听力理解、阅读理解、人文知识、改错、翻译、写作。整个考试需时185分钟。I 听力理解（Part I : Listening Comprehension）1. 测试要求:(a )能听懂真实交际场合中的各种英语会话和讲话。(b)能听懂VOA、BBC或CNN等国外媒体节目中有关政治、经济、文化、教育、科技等方面的专题报道。(c) 能听懂有关政治、经济、历史、文化、教育、语言文学、科普方面的演讲及演讲后的问答。(d)考试时间约25分钟2.测试形式:本部分采用填空题和多项选择题形式,分三节:Section A, Section B, Section C,共20题。 Section A: Mini-lecture本部分由一个约900个单词的讲座和一项填空任务组成。要求学生先边听边做笔记，然后完成填空任务。答题时间约为10分钟。本部分共有10题。Section B: Conversation or Interview本部分由一个约800个单词会话组成。会话后有5道多项选择题。Section C：News Broadcast在若干段新闻报道，后有5道多项选择题。Section B & Section C的每道多项选择题后有10秒的间隙,要求学生从所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。听力理解部分的录音语速为每分钟约150个单词,念一遍。3.测试目的:测试学生获得口头信息的能力。4.选材原则:(a)VOA和BBC新闻材料为学生所熟悉的一般新闻报道、短评或讲话等。(b)对话部分的内容与学生的日常生活、工作和学习活动相关。(c) 听写材料中所出现的词语原则上不超出大纲规定的范围。II. 阅读理解 (Part II: Reading Comprehension)1.测试要求:(a) 能读懂一般英美报刊杂志上的社论和书评。(b) 能读懂有一定难度的历史传记和文学作品。(c) 能理解所读材料的主旨大意,分辨出其中的事实和细节;既理解字面意义和隐含意义；又能根据所读材料进行判断和推理;能分析所读材料的思想观点、语篇结构、语言特点和修辞手法。(d) 能在阅读中根据需要自觉调整阅读速度和阅读技巧。(f) 考试时间30分钟2.测试形式:本部分采用多项选择题,由数篇阅读材料组成。阅读材料约含3000个单词。每篇材料后有若干道题。学生应根据所读材料内容,从每道题的四个选项中选出一个最佳的答案。共20道题。 3.测试目的:本部分测试学生通过阅读获取有关信息的能力,考核学生掌握相关阅读策略和技巧的程度。既要求准确性,也要求一定的速度。阅读速度为每分钟150个单词。4.选材原则:(a )题材广泛,包括社会、科技、文化、经济、日常知识、人物传记等。(b)体裁多样,包括记叙文、描写文、说明文、 议论文、广告、说明书、图表等。(c)关键词汇基本上不超出大纲规定的范围。III 人文知识（Part III：General Knowledge）1测试要求:(a) 能基本了解主要英语国家的地理、历史、现状、文化传统等。(b) 能初步具备英语文学知识。(c) 能初步具备英语语言学知识。(d) 考试时间10分钟2.测试形式:本部分采用多项选择题,要求学生从每道题的四个选项中选出一个最佳的答案。共10道题。3.测试目的:本部分测试学生对主要英语国家社会与文化、英语文学与英语语言学基本知识的掌握程度。4测试范围：（a）主要英语国家社会与文化知识。（b）英语文学知识。（c）英语语言学知识。IV 改错（Part IV：Proofreading）1测试要求:能运用语法、词汇、修辞等语言知识识别所给短文内容的语病并提出改正方法。2测试形式:本部分由一篇约250个单词的短文组成，短文中有10行标有题号。该10行内含有一个语误。要求学生根据“增添”、“删除”、或“改变其中某一个单词或短语”三种方法中的一种改正语误。本部分为主观试题，共10题。考试时间15分钟。3测试目的:测试学生运用语言知识的能力。V 翻译（Part V：Translation）1测试要求:（a）能运用汉译英的理论和技巧，翻译我国报刊杂志上的文章和一般文学作品。速度为每小时250至300个汉字。译文必须忠实原意，语言通顺、流畅。（b）能运用英译汉的理论和技巧，翻译英美报刊杂志上的文章和文学原著。速度为每小时250至300个英文单词。译文必须忠实原意，语言通顺、流畅。2测试形式:本部分为主观试题，分两个项目。考试时间60分钟。Section A：From Chinese to English将一段150个汉字组成的段落译成英语。Section B: From English to Chinese 将一段150个英文单词组成的段落译成汉语。3 测试目的:测试学生的翻译能力。VI.写作(Part VI: Writing )1. 测试要求:能根据所给的作文题目及要求撰写各类体裁的文章，文章长度约400个单词；能做到内容充实、语言通顺、用词恰当、表达得体。2. 测试形式:本部分为主观试题,共一个作文题目。考试时间45分钟。3. 测试目的:按照大纲的要求测试学生的写作能力。英语专业八级答题和计分填空、改错、翻译和作文做在规定的主观题答题卷上。多项选择题的答案写在客观题答题卷上。凡是写在试题册上的一律无效,予以作废。试卷各部分采用记权方式 折算成百分制。以60分为及格标准。试卷的题型、题数、计分、比重和时间列表如下:序号题号各部分名称题型题数计分比重考试时间I(A1-A10) 1-10听力理解A 讲座B 会话C 新闻主观客观客观1055101010%10%25分钟II11-30阅读理解客观202020%30分钟III31-40人文知识客观101010%10分钟IV(B1-B10)改错主观101010%15分钟V翻译A 汉译英B 英译汉主观主观11101010%10%60分钟VI写作主观12020%45分钟合计40+23100100%185分钟英语专业八级考试翻译练习（1）TRANSLATION (60 MIN)SECTION A: CHINESE TO ENGLISHTranslate the following underlined text into English.简奥斯丁的小说都是三五户人家居家度日，婚恋嫁娶的小事。因此不少中国读者不理解她何以在西方享有那么高的声誉。但一部小说开掘得深不深，艺术和思想是否有过人之处，的确不在题材大小。有人把奥斯丁的作品比作越咀嚼越有味道的橄榄。这不仅因为她的语言精彩，并曾对小说艺术的发展有创造性的贡献，也因为她的轻快活泼的叙述实际上并不那么浅白，那么透明。史密斯夫人说过，女作家常常试图修正现存的价值秩序，改变人们对“重要”和“不重要”的看法。也许奥斯丁的小说能教我们学会转换眼光和角度，明察到“小事”的叙述所涉及的那些不小的问题。SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESETranslate the following underlined text into Chinese.I, by comparison, living in my overpriced city apartment, walking to work past putrid sacks of street garbage, paying usurious taxes to local and state governments I generally abhor, I am rated middle class. This causes me to wonder, do the measurement make sense? Are we measuring only that which is easily measured- the numbers on the money chart - and ignoring values more central to the good life?For my sons there is of course the rural bounty of fresh-grown vegetables, line-caught fish and the shared riches of neighbours orchards and gardens. There is the unpaid baby-sitter for whose children my daughter-in-law baby-sits in return, and neighbours who barter their skills and labour. But more than that, how do you measure serenity? Sense if self?I dont want to idealize life in small places. There are times when the outside world intrudes brutally, as when the cost of gasoline goes up or developers cast their eyes on untouched farmland. There are cruelties, there is intolerance, there are all the many vices and meannesses in small places that exist in large cities. Furthermore, it is harder to ignore them when they cannot be banished psychologically to another part of town or excused as the whims of alien groups - when they have to be acknowledged as “part of us.”Nor do I want to belittle the opportunities for small decencies in cities - the eruptions of one-stranger-to-another caring that always surprise and delight. But these are, sadly, more exceptions than rules and are often overwhelmed by the awful corruptions and dangers that surround us.英语专业八级考试翻译练习（2）TRANSLATION (60 MIN)SECTION A: CHINESE TO ENGLISHTranslate the following underlined text into English. 近读报纸，对国内名片和请柬的议论颇多， 于是想起客居巴黎时经常见到的法国人手中的名片和请柬，随笔记下来，似乎不无借鉴之处。 在巴黎，名目繁多的酒会，冷餐会是广交朋友的好机会。在这种场合陌生人相识，如果是亚洲人，他们往往开口之前先毕恭毕敬地用双手把自己的名片呈递给对方，这好像是不可缺少的礼节。然而，法国人一般却都不大主动递送名片，双方见面寒暄几句，甚至海阔天空地聊一番也就各自走开，只有当双方谈话投机，希望继续交往时，才会主动掏出名片。二话不说先递名片反倒显得有些勉强。SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESETranslate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.It should have been easy. They were battle-tested veterans with long ties to Reagan and even longer ties to the Republican party, men who understood presidential politics as well as any in the country. The backdrop of the campaign was hospitable, with lots of good news to work with: America was at peace, and the nations economy, a key factor in any election, was rebounding vigorously after recession. Furthermore, the campaign itself was lavishly financed, with plenty of money for a top-flight staff, travel, and television commercials. And, most important, their candidate was Ronald Reagan, a president of tremendous personal popularity and dazzling communication skills. Reagan has succeed more than any president since John F. Kennedy in projecting a broad vision of America a nation of renewed military strength, individual initiative, and smaller federal government.英语专业八级考试翻译练习（3）TRANSLATION (60 MIN)SECTION A: CHINESE TO ENGLISHTranslate the following text into English.来美国求学的中国学生与其他亚裔学生一样，大多非常刻苦勤奋，周末也往往会抽出一天甚至两天的时间去实验室加班，因而比起美国学生来，成果出得较多。我的导师是亚裔人，嗜烟好酒，脾气暴躁。但他十分欣赏亚裔学生勤奋与扎实的基础知识，也特别了解亚裔学生的心理。因此，在他实验室所招的学生中，除有一名来自德国外，其余5位均是亚裔学生。他干脆在实验室的门上贴一醒目招牌：“本室助研必须每周工作7天，早10时至晚12时，工作时间必须全力以赴。”这位导师的严格及苛刻是全校有名的，在我所呆的3年半中，共有14位学生被招进他的实验室，最后博士毕业的只剩下5人。1990年夏天，我不顾别人劝阻，硬着头皮接受了导师的资助，从此开始了艰难的求学旅程。SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESETranslate the following text into Chinese.Opera is expensive: that much is inevitable. But expensive things are not inevitably the province of the rich unless we abdicate societys power of choice. We can choose to make opera, and other expensive forms of culture, accessible to those who cannot individually pay for it. The question is: why should we? Nobody denies the imperatives of food, shelter, defence, health and education. But even in a prehistoric cave, mankind stretched out a hand not just to eat, drink or fight, but also to draw. The impulse towards culture, the desire to express and explore the world through imagination and representation is fundamental. In Europe, this desire has found fulfillment in the masterpieces of our music, art, literature and theatre. These masterpieces are the touchstones for all our efforts; they are the touchstones for the possibilities to which human thought and imagination may aspire; they carry the most profound messages that can be sent from one human to another.英语专业八级考试翻译练习（4）TRANSLATION (60 MIN)SECTION A: CHINESE TO ENGLISHTranslate the following underlined text into English.1997年2月24日我们代表团下榻日月潭中信大饭店，送走了最后一批客人，已是次日凌晨3点了。我躺在床上久久不能入睡，披衣走到窗前，往外看去，只见四周峰峦叠翠，湖面波光粼粼。望着台湾这仅有的景色如画的天然湖泊，我想了许多，许多这次到台湾访问交流，虽然行程匆匆，但是，看了不少地方，访了旧友，交了新知，大家走到一起，谈论的一个重要话题就是中华民族在21世纪的强盛。虽然祖国大陆、台湾的青年生活在不同的社会环境中，有着各自不同的生活经历，但大家的内心都深深铭刻着中华文化优秀传统的印记，都拥有着振兴中华民族的共同理想。在世纪之交的伟大时代，我们的祖国正在走向繁荣富强，海峡两岸人民也将加强交流，共同推进祖国统一大业的早日完成。世纪之交的宝贵机遇和巨大挑战将青年推到了历史前台。跨世纪青年一代应该用什么样的姿态迎接充满希望的新世纪，这是我们必须回答的问题。日月潭水波不兴，仿佛与我一同在思索SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESETranslate the following underlined text into Chinese.I agree to some extent with my imaginary English reader. American literary historians are perhaps prone to view their own national scene too narrowly, mistaking prominence for uniqueness. They do over-phrase their own literature, or certainly its minor figures. And Americans do swing from aggressive over phrase of their literature to an equally unfortunate, imitative deference. But then, the English themselves are somewhat insular in their literary appraisals. Moreover, in fields where they are not pre-eminent e. g. in painting and music they too alternate between boasting of native products and copying those of the Continent. How many English paintings try to look as though they were done in Paris; how many times have we read in articles that they really represent an “English tradition” after all.To speak of American literature, then, is not to assert that it is completely unlike that of Europe. Broadly speaking, America and Europe have kept step. At any given moment the traveler could find examples in both of the same architecture, the same styles in dress, the same books on the shelves. Ideas have crossed the Atlantic as freely as men and merchandise, though sometimes more slowly. When I refer to American habit, thoughts, etc., I intend some sort of qualification to precede the word, for frequently the difference between America and Europe (especially England) will be one of degree, sometimes only of a small degree. The amount of divergence is a subtle affair, liable to perplex the Englishman when he looks at America. He is looking at a country which in important senses grew out of his own, which in several ways still resembles his own and which is yet a foreign country. There are odd overlappings and abrupt unfamiliarities; kinship yields to a sudden alienation, as when we hail a person across the street, only to discover from his blank response that we have mistaken a stranger for a friend.英语专业八级考试翻译练习（5）TRANSLATION (60 MIN)SECTION A: CHINESE TO ENGLISHTranslate the following text into English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.加拿大的温哥华1986年刚刚度过百岁生日，但城市的发展令世界瞩目。以港立市，以港兴市，是许多港口城市生存发展的道路。经过百年开发建设，有着天然不冻良港的温哥华，成为举世闻名的港口城市，同亚洲、大洋洲、欧洲、拉丁美洲均有定期班轮，年货物吞吐量达到8，000万吨，全市就业人口中有三分之一从事贸易与运输行业。温哥华（Vancouver）的辉煌是温哥华人智慧和勤奋的结晶，其中包括多民族的贡献。加拿大地广人稀，国土面积比中国还大，人口却不足3000万。吸收外来移民，是加拿大长期奉行的国策。可以说，加拿大除了印第安人外，无一不是外来移民，不同的只是时间长短而已。温哥华则更是世界上屈指可数的多民族城市。现今180万温哥华居民中，有一半不是在本地出生的，每4个居民中就有一个是亚洲人。而25万华人对温哥华的经济转型起着决定性的作用。他们其中有一半是近5年才来到温哥华地区的，使温哥华成为亚洲以外最大的中国人聚居地。SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESETranslate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.In some societies people want children for what might be called familial reasons: to extend the family line or the family name, to propitiate the ancestors; to enable the proper functioning of religious rituals involving the family. Such reasons may seem thin in the modern, secularized society but they have been and are powerful indeed in other places.In addition, one class of family reasons shares a border with the following category, namely, having children in order to maintain or improve a marriage: to hold the husband or occupy the wife; to repair or rejuvenate the marriage; to increase the number of children on the assumption that family happiness lies that way. The point is underlined by its converse: in some societies the failure to bear children (or males) is a threat to the marriage and a ready cause for divorce.Beyond all that is the profound significance of children to the very institution of the family itself. To many people, husband and wife alone do not seem a proper family they need children to enrich the circle, to validate its family character, to gather the redemptive influence of offspring. Children need the family, but the family seems also to need children, as the social institution uniquely available, at least in principle, for security, comfort, assurance, and direction in a changing, often hostile, world. To most people, such a home base, in the literal sense, needs more than one person for sustenance and in generational extension.英语专业八级考试翻译练习（6）TRANSLATION (60 MIN)SECTION A: CHINESE TO ENGLISH中国科技馆的诞生来之不易。与国际著名科技馆和其他博物馆相比，它先天有些不足，后天也常缺乏营养，但是它成长的步伐却是坚实而有力的。它在国际上已被公认为后起之秀。世界上第一代博物馆属于自然博物馆，它是通过化石、标本等向人们介绍地球和各种生物的演化历史。第二代属于工业技术博物馆，它所展示的是工业文明带来的各种阶段性结果。这两代博物馆虽然起到了传播科学知识的作用，但是，它们把参观者当成了被动的旁观者。世界上第三代博物馆是充满全新理念的博物馆。在这里，观众可以自己去动手操作，自己细心体察。这样，他们可以更贴近先进的科学技术，去探索科学技术的奥妙。中国科技馆正是这样的博物馆！它汲取了国际上一些著名博物馆的长处，设计制作了力学、光学、电学、热学、声学、生物学等展品，展示了科学的原理和先进的科技成果。Translate the following text into Chinese.If people mean anything at all by the expression untimely death, they must believe that some deaths run on a better schedule than others. Death in old age is rarely called untimely-a long life is thought to be a full one. But with the passing of a young person, one assumes that the best years lay ahead and the measure of that life was still to be taken.History denies this, of course. Among prominent summer deaths, one recalls those of Marilyn Monroe and James Deans, whose lives seemed equally brief and complete. Writers cannot bear the fact that poet John Keats died at 26, and only half playfully judge their own lives as failures when they pass that year. The idea that the life cut short is unfilled is illogical because lives are measured by the impressions they leave on the world and by their intensity and virtue.英语专业八级考试翻译练习（7）TRANSLATION (60 MIN)SECTION A: CHINESE TO ENGLISHTranslate the following text into English. 乔羽的歌大家都熟悉。但他另外两大爱好却鲜为人知，那就是钓鱼和喝酒。晚年的乔羽喜爱垂钓，他说，“有水有鱼的地方大都是有好环境的，好环境便会给人好心情。我认为最好的钓鱼场所不是舒适的、给你准备好饿鱼的垂钓园，而是那极其有吸引力的大自然野外天成的场所。” 钓鱼是一项能够陶冶性情的运动，有益于身心健康。乔羽说：“钓鱼可分三个阶段：第一阶段是吃鱼；第二阶段是吃鱼和情趣兼而有之；第三阶段主要是钓趣，面对一池碧水，将忧心烦恼全都抛在一边，使自己的身心得到充分休息。”SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESETranslate the following text into Chinese. Possession for its own sake or in competition with the rest of the neighborhood would have been Thoreaus idea of the low levels. The active discipline of heightening ones perception of what is enduring in nature would have been his idea of the high. What he saved from the low was time and effort he could spend on the high. Thoreau certainly disapproved of starvation, but he would put into feeding himself only as much effort as would keep him functioning for more important efforts.Effort is the gist of it. There is no happiness except as we take on life-engaging difficulties. Short of the impossible, as Yeats put it, the satisfaction we get from a lifetime depends on how high we choose our difficulties. Robert Frost was thinking in something like the same terms when he spoke of “The pleasure of taking pains”. The mortal flaw in the advertised version of happiness is in the fact that it purports to be effortless.We demand difficulty even in our games. We demand it because without difficulty there can be no game. A game is a way of making something hard for the fun of it. The rules of the game are an arbitrary imposition of difficulty. When someone ruins the fun, he always does so by refusing to play by the rules. It is easier to win at chess if you are free, at your pleasure, to change the wholly arbitrary rules, but the fun is in winning within the rules. No difficulty, no fun.英语专业八级考试翻译练习（8）TRANSLATION (60 MIN)SECTION A: CHINESE TO ENGLISHTranslate the following text into English.大自然对人的恩赐，无论贫富，一律平等。所以人们对于大自然，全都一致并深深地依赖着。尤其在乡间，上千年来人们一直以不变的方式生活着。种植庄稼和葡萄，酿酒和饮酒，喂牛和挤奶，锄草和栽花；在周末去教堂祈祷和做礼拜，在节日到广场拉琴、跳舞和唱歌；往日的田园依旧是今日的温馨家园。这样，每个地方都有自己的传说，风俗也就衍传了下来。SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESETranslate the following underlined text into Chinese. The word “winner” and “loser” have many meanings. When we refer to a person as a winner, we do not mean one who makes someone else lose. To us, a winner is one who responds authentic any by being credible, trustworthy, responsive, and genuine, both as an individual and as a member of a society.Winners do not dedicate their lives to a concept of what they imagine they should be; rather, they are themselves and as such do not use their energy putting on a performance, maintaining pretence and manipulating others. They are aware that there is a difference between being loving and acting loving, between being stupid and acting stupid, between being knowledgeable and acting knowledgeable. Winners do not need to hide behind a mask.Winners are not afraid to do their own thinking and to use their own knowledge. They can separate facts from opinions and dont pretend to have all the answers. They listen to others, evaluate what they say, but come to their own conclusions. Although winners can admire and respect other people, they are not totally defined, demolished, bound, or awed by them.Winners do not play “helpless”, nor do they play the blaming game. Instead, they assume responsibility for their own lives.英语专业八级考试翻译练习（9）SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISHTranslate the underlined part of the following tex