浅谈风景园林绿化工程的作用及质量管理中英文.doc

/ /浅谈风景园林绿化工程的作用及质量管理中英文跟着我国园林作业的蓬勃发展，园林美化施工公司日益增多。因为景色园林工程一般触及美化栽植、园路、假山、给排水、造地型等多项内容，在施工进程中往往会呈现穿插作业，因而，若在施工现场办理施工合作、工程本钱操控办理不善，将会影响施工进展、工程本钱，乃至工程质量，形成效益下降的不良局势。因而科学办理好园林工程质量，对园林工程具有重要的含义。With the vigorous development of our country landscape business, landscaping construction enterprises is increasing. Due to landscape architecture engineering usually involves greening plant, garden road, rockery, water supply and drainage, and stretched out the type of content, in construction process often appear crossover operation, therefore, if the construction at the construction site management, project cost control management, will influence the construction progress and engineering cost, project quality, even cause efficiency to reduce adverse situation. So good garden engineering quality, scientific management of garden engineering has important significance.一、景色园林美化的作用A, the action of landscape greening1. 科学地描绘园林美化1. The scientific design of afforestation杰出的城市园林美化应以优秀园林植物的挑选 培养 培养及维护为根底，从群落构建、 绿洲方案描绘、 植物造景、 植物装备等环节进行科学地描绘，使园林绿洲能真实发扬改进人类与环境联系的作用。Good urban landscaping should be fine based on the choice of garden plant breeding cultivation and conservation, from the community construction, green space planning and design, plant landscaping, plant configuration, to design scientifically, make the garden green space can really play a role of improving relationship between human and environment.2. 建立生态园林知道2. Set up the consciousness of ecological landscape咱们应遍及美化科学思想，建立生态园林知道，进步大家对天然美的知道和神往，改动当前城市园林美化过于寻求气度和攀比求洋的做法，活跃营建安康、 天然、 美丽和舒服的城市绿色敞开空间。We should popularize greening scientific ideas, set up the consciousness of ecology landscape, improve peoples understanding of natural beauty and yearning, change the present city gardening too pursuit of style and compare QiuYang, actively create a healthy, natural, graceful and comfortable urban green open space.3. 美化市容市貌的一种重要手法3. Beautify the districts is an important means园林美化作为改进城市日子质量 、美化市容市貌的一种重要手法，经过充沛利用园林美化植物，以及科学 、合理的艺术手法，模仿天然生态系统，构建层次多元 、布局杂乱、 生态多样 、功用最优的绿洲生态系统。 它发生的生态效益改进人体生理安康，景象效益改进人的心思机能和精神状况，游憩效益则改进着人的行动办法和日子质量。Landscaping as improving urban living quality, and beautify the districts is an important means, through making full use of landscaping plants, as well as the art of scientific and reasonable method, simulation of natural ecological system, constructing hierarchical multiple, complex structure and function of ecological diversity, the optimal green space ecosystem. It produces the ecological benefits of improving human physiological health, landscape benefits to improve peoples psychological function and mental state, recreation benefit, improve the way peoples behavior and quality of life.二、景色园林工程施工办理Second, the landscape architecture engineering construction management1. 施工前的预备1. The preparation for construction在施工预备期间，需求联系描绘图纸的详细需求，根据施工现场的详细状况，依照图纸进行安置。In the construction preparatory stage, need combined with the specific requirements for the design drawings, according to the specific situation of the construction site, shall be carried out in accordance with the drawing layout.(1)土质勘测：对现场的填土状况打开详细勘测，知道土壤理化功能、 合适栽培哪些植物 。若土壤不合需求，则需求求关联单位对栽培土及时替换。(1) soil survey: the filling conditions at the scene in a specific survey, understand the soil physical and chemical properties, which is suitable for growing plants. If soil undesirable, then need to request relevant departments of planting soil replacement in a timely manner.(2)人员安排：当断定了施工工期以及工程施工方案后，需求对施工人员进行安排。 拟定科学的劳动力方案，安排各个环境的作业人员出场，并安排好出场员工日子，对人员进行安全教诲。(2) staffing: when determining the construction period and after project construction plan, need to arrange the construction personnel. Scientific workforce planning, organization comes into play, the operator of the various environments and arranged in worker life, for safety education personnel.(3)材料方案：参照工程的详细需求对施工现场的材料进行编制调整，尤其是施工进展、 建材订购等有必要严格把关。 在树种的挑选上要以树型完好、 姿势美丽等规范收购，而且守时 、定量的运往现场 参照工程描绘需求对树种 材料检测，保证质量合格后投入运用。(3) the material planning: refer to the specific requirements of the engineering to adjust the construction site materials, especially the construction progress, building materials, order, etc must be strictly controlled. On the choice of tree species in tree integrity, graceful, such as standard procurement, and shipped to the scene timing, quantitative reference to engineering design requirements for tree material testing, quality assurance qualified after put into use.(4)设备出场：根据设备的运用状况方案，编制施工机械出场方案，合理安排出场次序，保证工程顺畅施行。(4) the equipment comes into play: according to equipment the use of planning, preparation of construction machinery in plan, reasonable arrangement in order to ensure that project smooth implementation.2. 景色园林美化工程施工现场办理2. The scenery botanical garden afforestation project construction site management现场施工质量办理就是经过现场施工进程中一系列的质量操控手法保证工程合同所规则的质量方针能够完成，以及保证工程质量契合园林美化工程的规范规范。根据施工安排描绘进展方案，编制详细的施作业业方案和相应的质量方案，对材料、机具、技能、人员等影响质量的要素进行操控，以保证园林工程全体质量处于安稳状况。Site construction quality management is through the construction process of a series of quality control means to the quality stipulated in the contract to ensure that project objectives can be achieved, and to ensure the engineering quality accord with the standard of specification of the botanical garden afforestation project. According to project schedule, construction organization design for concrete construction plan and the corresponding quality plan, on the material, machine, process, personnel and other influencing factors of quality control, to ensure the quality of garden engineering overall stable.(1)施工技能、工序的质量办理(1) the construction technology, process quality management园林美化工程项目是由若干个分项、分部工程组成，要保证整个工程项意图质量到达全体优化的意图，就有必要全部操控施工进程，使每一个分项、分部工程都契合质量规范。对施工质量有严重影响的工序，应对操作人员、材料、环境条件等要素进行剖析和验证，并进行必要的操控，做好验证记载，工序记载的主要内容为质量特性实测记载和验证、签证。Landscaping project is composed of a number of disciplines, engineering division, to ensure that the quality to achieve the purpose of the overall optimization of the project, it is necessary to comprehensively control the construction process, to make every component, division of the project meet the quality standards. Process has a significant effect on construction quality, to operating personnel, material, environmental conditions, such as factor analysis and verification, and make the necessary control, completes the verification records, the main content of process record for quality measurement record and verification, visa.(2)人员本质办理(2) the personnel quality management园林美化工程质量是由园林美化员工所发明的，他们的责任感、作业心、质量观、事务才能、技能水平等均直接影响工程的质量。项目经理部要定时对员工进行规程、规范、工序技能、规范、计量、查验等根底知识的训练，展开质量知道和质量办理教诲，进步项目部成员的办理水平、技能水平和操作者的操作水平，避免违纪、违章及错误行动发生，然后避免因人为的失误形成质量问题。Landscaping engineering quality is created by landscaping workers, their sense of responsibility, dedication, quality and business ability to directly affect the quality of engineering, technical level, etc. Project intends to undertake to the worker on a regular basis in procedures, specifications, processes, standards, metrology, testing and other basic knowledge of training, carry out quality awareness and quality management education, improve the management level of project department members, technical level and the operators operation level, prevent violations, illegal and wrong behavior, so as to avoid quality problems caused by human error.(3)材料质量办理(3) material quality control材料台帐应对材料质量、规范、技能要害进行剖析，在园林美化工程施工进程中，土建有些投入了必定的原材料、产物、半制品、构配件和机械设备；美化有些投入了很多的土方、苗木、支架等工程材料。施工进程中的施工技能和施工办法是构成工程质量的根底，投进材料的质量、各种管线、铺装材料、亮化设备、操控设备等不契合需求，工程质量也就不可能契合工程质量的规范和需求。因而，严格操控投入材料的质量是保证工程质量的条件。对投入材料的订购、收购、查看、检验、取样、实验均应进行全部的操控，从安排货源到运用认证，要做到层层把关，对施工进程中所选用的施工方案要进行充沛证明，做到施工办法领先，技能合理，安全文明。Material account to improve the quality of materials, specifications, technical key points were analyzed, and the botanical garden afforestation project construction process, the civil part in certain raw materials, products, semi-finished products, components and mechanical equipment; Green part into a large amount of earthwork, nursery stock, bracket and other engineering materials. Construction in the process of construction technology and construction method is to form the basis of the engineering quality, on the materials, all kinds of pipes, the quality of the pavement materials, lighting facilities, control equipment does not conform to the requirements, the engineering quality also could not meet quality standards and requirements. Therefore, strictly control the quality of the input material is the premise of ensure the engineering quality. Order of input materials, procurement, inspection, sampling, testing and inspection shall be to conduct a comprehensive control, from material to use authentication, to do cengcengbaguan, adopted in the construction process of construction scheme to be fully demonstrated, do the construction method is advanced, the technology is reasonable, safety civilization.(4)制品的维护(4) finished product protection制品维护可采纳护、包、盖、封等 4 种办法，即采纳掩盖塑料布、纸板、盖沙、培土、铺干锯末等办法，避免制品被损坏或污染，必要时可施行部分关闭，在到达强度或满足需求后再敞开。Product protection can be taken to protect the four kinds of measures such as, bag, cap, sealing, namely to cover plastic, cardboard, building sand, soil and dry sawdust or other measures to prevent product damage or contamination, implement local closed when necessary, open again after strength or meet the requirements.3. 园林美化工程本钱的办理3. The botanical garden afforestation project cost management(1) 园林美化工程施工办理中的本钱办理园林美化工程在市场经济的状况下，不能只注重质量和艺术作用，本钱的办理也很重要。工程项意图本钱分为直接本钱和间接本钱：直接本钱主要是工料机三项费用和其他直接费；间接本钱是现场运营办理费，这些本钱能够在施工预算中并在管帐预算时反映记载，咱们称之为显性本钱，这是较为显着并简单操控的。而事实上，还有三大块本钱大家常常视若无睹，或许没有感觉到它们的存在，又很难对其定量剖析、记载，这就是体系本钱、机制本钱和本质本钱，咱们称作隐性本钱。其实质是体系落后、机制死板、本质低下，结尾反映为项目本钱上升、经济效益下降。(1) the botanical garden afforestation landscape engineering cost management of engineering construction management in the circumstances of market economy, not only pay attention to quality and artistic effects, and cost management is also very important. The cost of engineering project is divided into direct costs and indirect costs: direct costs mainly quantity machine three fees and other direct fees; Indirect cost is site management fees, those costs can be in the construction budget and accounting in the budget reflects the record, we call the dominant cost, this is more clear and easy to control. As a matter of fact, there are three big cost people often turn a blind eye, or dont feel their existence, is hard to keep a record of its quantitative analysis, this is the system cost, mechanism cost and quality cost, we called the hidden costs. The essence of which is rigid, low quality backward system, mechanism, ultimately reflected as project costs, economic benefits drop.(2)下降园林美化工程施工办理中的本钱的方法和办法下降园林美化工程施工办理中的方法，大概开源节流，或既增收又节支。(2) reduce the cost in the botanical garden afforestation project construction management approach and measures to reduce the way, in the botanical garden afforestation project construction management should open source throttling, or both income and expenditure.a进步项目部人员的功率 工程例会举行后，项目经理将项目本钱奉告项目办理人员，一起评论工程施工办理中的本钱操控的有关办法，进步项目部人员的功率和工程的进展，以便及时的保质保量的竣工。A meeting after meeting, improve the efficiency of the project department personnel engineering project manager will the project cost to inform project managers, to discuss measures of cost control in engineering construction management, improve the efficiency of the project department personnel and project schedule, in order to ensure the quality of timely completion.b进步施工人员的工程进展 在园林美化工程施工进程中，施工人员的作业功率直接影响着工程的进展，材料的损耗，乃至是工程质量的好坏。所以有必要指挥和带领一切施工人员一起参加项目本钱办理，在个人每天的作业中时辰进行项目本钱操控办理，节省原材料。B improve the progress of construction personnel in the process of botanical garden afforestation project construction, construction personnel work efficiency directly affects the engineering progress, material loss, and even the merits of the project quality. So must command and lead all construction personnel to participate in project cost management, in their daily work in time to the project cost control management, save raw materials.c加强苗木本钱的操控 在园林美化工程中，苗木本钱问题是要害。 在苗木收购前， 以施工图预算操控本钱开销， 计算出工程量，进行货比三家，挑选价格合理，质量优秀的苗木供货商，完成预订的本钱方针。C strengthen seedling cost control in garden greening projects, nursery stock cost is the key. Before seedling procurement to construction drawing budget control costs, the calculated quantities, s