仁爱英语英语教材讲解(一).doc

英语教材讲解（一）九年级上册Unit 1 The Developing WorldTopic 1 Our country has developed rapidly.Section A知识点击1. Rita, you have just come back from your hometown. 丽塔，你刚从老家回来。 该句使用的是现在完成时。现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。其结构是：助动词have/+has+动词的过去分词。 动词的过去分词的构成：规则变化跟动词的过去式一样，不规则变化见课本后面的附表。 下面就现在完成时的各种句子进行简要的介绍：（1）肯定句：主语+have/ has+动词的过去分词其他。如： She has left. 她已经走了。（她现在不在这儿） We have read the book. 我们已读过此书。（已知道此书的内容） （2）否定句：主语havent/hasnt动词的过去分词其他。如： He hasnt seen this film. 他没看过这部电影。 They havent been to Great Wall. 他们没去过长城。 （3）一般疑问句：Have/ Has主语动词过去分词其他？如： Have you cleaned the classroom? 你打扫教室了吗？ Has your mother finished cooking? 你妈妈做好饭了吗？ （4）特殊疑问句：have/ has主语动词过去分词其他？如： What has happened? 发生了什么事？ Where has be gone？他去哪儿了？ 2In one place I saw children working for a cruel boss. 在一个地方，我们看见孩子们正为一个残忍的老板干活 See, notice, hear, watch, smell, feel等感观动词的宾语补足语不带to的动词不定式和动词-ing两种形式：（1）接动词-ing形式作宾语补足语时，表示动作正在进行。如：I heard Meimei singing in her room when I went past. 我路过的时候听见梅梅在房间里唱歌。（路过的瞬间正在唱，所以用singing）（2）接动词不定式（不带to）作宾语补足语时，表示动作的全过程或动作已经结束。如： I often hear Meimei sing in her room.我经常听见梅梅在房间里唱歌。（经常听见，用不带to的不定式）3. I felt sorry for them. 我同情他们。Be/ feel sorry for sb. 怜悯（同情） 如：He decided to help Jane as he felt sorry for her.他同情简的遭遇，决定帮助她。拓展feel sorry for oneself 感觉不幸，自我怜悯 如：Stop feeling sorry for yourself and think about other people for a change.别老觉得自己委屈了，也替别人想一想吧。4. By the way, wheres Maria? 顺便问一问，玛丽亚在哪儿？by the way 顺便说 如：By the way, I have good news to tell you.顺便说一声，我有好消息要告诉你。拓展（1）the way to去的路 如：I know the way to the hospital. 我知道去医院的路。 （2）way of doing sth. way to do sth. 做某事的方法（方式）如： Is there any way of contacting you while you are in China？ 你去中国后有什么办法可以跟你联系吗？ The students are learning new ways to communicate in writing. 学生们正在学习书面交流的新方法。 （3）in a way 从某一点上，在某种程度上 如： In a way, I agree with you. 在某种程度上，我同意你的观点。 5. There goes the bell. 铃响了。 该句是倒装句。通常情况下，在以here, now, there, then等副词开头的句子里，当谓语我be, come, go, follow等词，主语又是名词时，需要把谓语动词置于主语之前，构成完全倒装。 如： Here comes the bus! 公共汽车来了！ Now somes your turn. 现在该轮到你了。 注意若主语是人称代词则不用倒装。如： Here he comes. 他来了。 Here they are. 它们在这儿（给你） 师生互动 S：老师，我们这节课学习了“She has gone to the library. 她去图书馆了。”和“I have been to Mount Huang with my parents. 我和我的父母去过黄山。”两句话中含有的have/ has gone to some place与have/ has been to some place该如何区别？ T：这是一个很重要的问题。Have/ has gone to some place表示去了某地，有可能就在某地或者是在去某地的路上，总之不在说话的现场。如： Where is your father？你父亲去哪儿了？ He has gone to London.他去伦敦了。（他的父亲不在说话的现场）而have/has been to some place表示（曾经）去过某地，现在人已返回，不在那里了，是对过去经历的一种回忆。如： Have you ever been to Beijing？ 你曾经去过北京吗？ （是问你以前的经历，现在不在北京这个地方） Yes, I have. 是的，我去过。 S：我懂了。但是to在每个句式中都必须有吗？ T：问得好。如果some place是名词必须接to，如果some place是副词则不接to。如： Tom has gone to Beijing. 汤姆去了北京。 Tom has gone home. 汤姆回家了。（home为副词） We have been to Hong Kong. 我们去过香港。 We havet been abroad. 我们没去过国外。（abroad为副词） 课堂作业I根据汉语或首字母提示完成句子。1. We have just _ _(回来)from Beijing.2. The b_ is ringing. Lets have a class.3. He went to a maths t_ school to improve his maths in summer holiday.4. Li Ping _ _ (感到同情)the children.5. We are sure we can do it very well because we have had a p_ discussion.II单项选择。( )1.Have you ever been to the Summer Palace? Yes, we have. When _ you _ there? Last month.A. have; gone B. did; go C. will; go D. is; going( )2. _ I have been to Shanghai.A. Where did you go? B. Where have you been?C. Have you been to Shanghai? D. Did you go to Shanghai?( )3.Have you ever been to the zoo? No, _. A. Ive never been there B. I have C. Ive been there D. I dont( )4.I didnt see you the whole summer holiday. I _ Yunnan on August 2nd. I _ there for two weeks. A. went to; have gone B. have gone; have gone C. went to; was C. have gone; have been( )5. I saw her _ on the street yesterday morning. A. run B. to run C. runs D. runningIII从栏II中找出与I栏相对应的答语。I II( )1. Where did you go? a. I have been to West Lake.( )2. I saw children working b. No, I havent. for a cruel boss.( )3. Where have you been? c. I wnt to the zoo.( )4. I spent the whole holiday d. I frlt sorry to hear that. Helping the whole holiday( )5. Have you ever cleaned e. Wow, youre great! your room? Section B知识点击1. My granny told me that most children had a hard life in the past. 我奶奶告诉我，在过去大多数孩子过着艰难的生活。（1）have a hare life过着艰难的生活，也可用live a hard life。连接live/ have a happy life过着幸福的生活 live/ have a normal life 过着正常的生活（2）in the past在过去。其中past在这里是名词“过去，昔日”的意思。如： In the past, he changed jobs three times. 在过去，他换了三次工作。2. Is that so？真是那样吗？这个句子是对上文所说的话表示惊讶，相当于Really？如：Tom lost the game. 汤姆输了比赛。Is that so? / Really？ 是真的吗？3. Can you describe it in detail？ 你能详细地描述它吗？（1）describe v. 描述。它的名词是description。如：The police asked her to describe the two men. 警察叫她描述一下那两名男子。The thing sounds a little strange from your description.从你的描述来看，那件事听起来有点奇怪。拓展describe sb. / sth. for/ to sb. 向某人描述某人/某事 如：Can you describe your new friend for/ to me？你能给我描述一下你的新朋友吗？describe doing sth. 描述做某事的情景。如：He described going downstairs and finding his mother lying on the floor.他描述了下楼时发现妈妈躺在地板上的情景。（2）in detail 详细地，相当于一个副词。如：he read the book in detail and learned a lot from it.他详细地读了那本书并且从中学了好多知识。4. Parents couldnt afford an education for their children. 父母供不起孩子上学。（1）afford常接在can, could, be able to之后，意为“负担得起（的费用，损失，后果等）；抽得出（时间）”。afford还有“提供，给予，出产“的意思。如：At last, we can afford a house.（负担得起）我们终于买得起房子了。Reading affords pleasure.（提供，给予）读书给人带来快乐。（2）education n. 教育educate v. educated adj. educator n.（教育工作者）如：have/ get a good education 享受良好的教育He had a good（college）education. 他受过良好的（大学）教育。She educated students on cherishing 1ife. 她教育学生珍惜生活。Confucius is a great educator. 孔子是一位伟大的教育家。5. But in order to help support their families, they had to work for the bosses.但是，为了帮助维持他们的家庭，他们不得不为老板工作。The government gives support to poor families.（我们的）政府为贫困家庭提供帮助。（1）support 在第一句中是个动词，而在第二句中却是个名词。give support to为提供帮助 如：He has a large family to support. 他要养活一大家人。（动词）We should give support to poor children.我们应该给贫困孩子提供帮助。（名词）He needs our support. 他需要我们的支持。（名词）（2）in order to为了,后面加动词原形。如：What do I have to do in order to get there early？想要早些到那儿，我该做些什么？拓展in order that句子 如：We must work hard in order that we finish the work on time.为了准时地完成这项工作，我们必须努力工作。6. With the development of China, all those things随着中国的发展，所有的这些事（1）with 引导的介词短语结构，作伴随状语。 如：With his help, I finished my work. 在他的帮助下，我完成了任务。（2）development n. 发展。它是由动词develop派生出来的。 如：When we got to Shenzhen, we were surprised at the development of it.当我们到达深圳时，我们对它的发展感到震惊。developing countries 发展中国家developed countries 发达国家 如：中国是世界上最大的发展中国家Japan is a developed country. 日本是一个发达国家。师生互动S：老师，在“Though I had no time to travel, I still felt very happy. 虽然我没有时间去旅游，但这个假日我还是感到很高兴。”这个句子中，为什么后句不用but呢？T：这个问题提得好。受文中的影响，我们在说这类句型的时候经常在后面加but，但是在英语中这是错误的说法。Though/ although不能与but连用。 如：Though he has a lot of work to do, he often helps these old men. 虽然他有大量的工作要做，但是他经常帮助这些老人。 也可用说成：He has a lot of work to do, but he often helps these old men. S：老师，在英语中还有类似的用法吗？ T：有。如because和so的用法就与其相同。如： Because he was ill, he didnt go to school. 因为他生病了，所有他没去上学。 也可以说成：He was ill, so he didnt go to school. 课堂作业I单项选择。( )1. _ it rains heavily, _ farmers are still working in the fields.A. Though; but B. Though; stillC. Thouhg; / D. Although; but( )2.Tom, yo come from the countyside. Have you ever _ sheep? Yes, I have.A. feed B. feeds C. fed D. to feed( )3.This morning I saw Han Fang. It cant be her. She _ Hainan. A. has been to B. has gone toC. went to D. will go to( )4. In the past, the poor _ to buy a house to live in.A. can afford B. could affordC. cant afford D. couldnt afford( )5. Life was very hard for these _.A. children laborers B. child laborerC. child laborers D. childrens laborers( )6. Whats more, some of them _ to work and _ money to help _ their families.A. had; make; support B. has; make; supportC. have; made; supprted D. having; makes; support( )7. In the past, children had _ food to eat and couldnt dress _ .A. little; warmly B. few; warmC. much; warmly D. many; warm( )8. _ his teachers help, he has passed the exam.A. Under B. With C. By D. Through( )9.Well have a day off. _A. Is that so? B. Thanks a lot.C. With pleasure. D. Is that all?( )10.Have you _ the door behind you? No, I havent A. shut B. shuts C. to shut D. shuttingII补全对话。 A: Where is Lucy? B: 1 to England. A: 2 B: Yes, she has been there once. A: 3 ? B: She went there lastr week. A: 4 ? B: She is going to stay there for a month. A: Do you know 5 ? B: Shell be back at the end of October. 1. _ 2. _ 3. _ 4. _ 5. _III根据首字母提示完成短文。 Yesterday, my granny d 1 the life in the country in the past for me. At that time, people were very poor, so parents couldnt a 2 their childrens education. Many children u 3 to be child laborers. But nowadays, with the d 4 of the economy (), people have chances to go to school. Some people can even r 5 some other training. I want to write an article about it.1. _ 2. _ 3. _ 4. _ 5. _ Section C知识点击1. She has seen the changes in Beijing herself. 她亲眼目睹了北京的变化。see sth. oneself意为“亲眼看见”。如：I saw him stealing something myself. 我亲眼看见他偷东西。She saw me helping the old man herself. 她亲眼看见我帮助那个老人。2. Most famillies couldent get enough food and few children had the chance to receive a good education. 大多数的家庭都不能获得足够的食物，而且几乎没有孩子有机会接受良好的教育。（1）enough 足够的，充足的。修饰形容词或副词时放在其后；修饰名词时，可以在名词前，也可以在名词后。如：The boy is old enough to go to school. 这个男孩到上学的年龄了。If you did your homework carefully enough, why did you make so many mistakes？ 如果你做作业时足够的细心，为什么还犯这么多错误呢？In the past, people didnt have enough food to eat.在过去，人们没有充足的食物吃。（2）have/ get a chance to do sth. 有做某事的机会 如：I never have/ get a chance to relax myself these days.近来我一直没有自我放松的机会。3. People kept in touch with their friends and reatives far away mainly by letter or telegram. 人们主要通过信件或电报与远方的亲朋好友保持联系。keep/ be in touch with与保持联系 如：I have kept in touch with all my old friends.我和我所有的老朋友都保持着联系。Are you still in touch with your friends from middle school？你和你中学的同学还有联系吗？拓展（1）get in touch with与取得联系 如：Im trying to get in touch with Jane. 我正设法和简取得联系。（2）lose touch with与失去联系 如：Ive lost touch with my cousin. 我与表妹失去了联系。4. China has developed rapidly since 1978. 自从1978年以来中国发展迅速。since后接过去的时间，通常用在现在完成时态中。如：I have taught English since nine years ago. 我自从9年前就教英语。5. People can enjoy more sorts of leisure activities. 人们能享受更多种的娱乐活动。a sort of 一种 sorts of 多种 如：What sort of music do you like？你喜欢哪种音乐？There are all sorts of flowers in this garden. 在花园里有各种各样的花。6. Beijing has made rapid progress and it has already succeeded in hosting the 2008 Olympic Games. 北京已取得了飞速的进步，它成功举办了2008年奥运会。（1）make progress 取得进步 如：Tom is making much progress at school. 汤姆在学校进步很大。拓展1) make progress with 在（方面）取得了进步 如：He made progress with his work. 他在工作方面取得了进展。2) in progress 在进行中 如：Please be quiet. Examination is progress.正在考试，请安静。（2）succeed in（doing）sth. 成功地做某事 如：We succeeded in arriving in Beijing at last.最后我们成功地到达了北京。If you want to succeed in business, think big.如果你想在商业上成功，就要胸怀大志。拓展succeed的名词是success, 形容词是successful。7. what has happened to Beijings roads nowadays？北京的道路状况现在是怎样的呢？happen 是不及物动词，没有被动语态，“偶然发生”的意思。sth. happens to sb./ sth. 某人/物发生某些事情；sb. happens to do sth. 某人碰巧做了某事 如：An accident happened to me yesterday. 昨天我发生了一点意外。I happened to be here. 我碰巧在这儿。师生互动S：老师，在“Children can study not only in modern schools but also on the Internet. 孩子们不但能在现代的学校里学习，而且还可以在网上学习。”句中我对not onlybut also在用法上不太清楚。T：not onlybut also接并列成分。如： Tom likes not only basketball but also football. 汤姆不但喜欢篮球而且喜欢足球。（宾语） Not only my parents but also I am a teacher. 我的父母和都是老师。（主语）S：老师，为什么第二句中的谓语动词用am 而不用are？T：这个问题提得很好。这也是我要强调的，not onlybut also接主语时，谓语动词和but also之后的主语保持一致。课堂作业I根据汉语或首字母提示完成句子。1. Though we live far away, we can keep in t_ with each other by mobile phone or e-mail.2. I am _ _ your teacher _ _ your friend. (不但而且)3. The modem c_ are quicker and easier.4. Tom _ much _ (取得进步)last term.5. In the past, the roads were n_, but now they are wide.6. These s_ of problems are quite common.7. You will have to work hard if ou want to _ (成功).II单项选择。( )1. I wont go to see the film tonight, because I _ my ticket. A. lost B. have lost C. will lost D. didnt have( )2. She can not be at the cinema because she _ the library.A. has been to B. have been to C. have gone to D. has gone to( )3. I have _ friends here that I often feel lonely.A. such few B. so few C. such many D. so many( )4. We must study hard to improve _.A. me B. us C. myself D. ourselves( )5. I _ her leaving _.A. looked at; myself B. saw; herselfC. looked at; herself D. saw; myself( )6. Most of students in Jiaxin Middle School have succeeded _ passing the final exam.A. in B. for C. over D. byIII根据首字母提示完成短文。 Shanghai has developed rapidly in r 1 years. My aunt has w 2 there for thirty years. She has seen the changes in Shanghai h 3 . Her job is t 4 teach in a school. In the past, the roads were very n 5 . Peoples houses were small and dark and peoples living conditions were very h 6 . But nowadays, the ring roads are w 7 . Peoples houses are b 8 taller and brighter. Peoples living conditions are quite c 9 . We hope Shanghai will be better and better in the f 10 .1. _ 2. _ 3. _ 4. _ 5. _6. _ 7. _ 8. _ 9. _ 10. _Section D知识点击1. first，consider it carefully. 首先，仔细地考虑。 consider v. 考虑，细想 如： Please consider my suggestion. 请考虑我的建议。拓展（1）considerv-ing 如： Im considering changing my job. 我正考虑换个工作。 （2）consider（as）把看作 如： We consider him （as）our friend. 我们把他当作朋友。 （3）considerwhatto do 如： Please consider what to do. 请考虑一下怎么办。 （4）consider从句 如： Im considering whether he will come. 我正考虑他是否会来。 2. Next, draw up an outline. 下一步，起草一个提纲。 draw up 起草，拟定 如： first, we should draw up a list of names. 首先，我们应该拟定名单。 连接draw n. 抽签，抽奖 如： the draw for the second round of the European Cup 欧洲杯第二轮抽签 师生互动 S：老师，在句子“Thanks to the governments efforts, Li Mings hometown is becoming better and better. 由于政府的努力，李明的家乡变得越来越好。”中thanks to 表示“由于”，它与because, ecause of有什么区别吗？ T：thanks to, because和because of这三个词都可以表示原因，却别如下：（1）thanks to“多亏了，由于”，常带有“感谢”的感情色彩，表示由于某个人或某物的存在才有某种好的结果，其后跟名词、代词、动名词等名词短语。如： Thanks to your help, I could finish my work.多亏了你的帮助，我才完成了我的任务。（2）because与because of均是普通用法，表示“理由”，没有感情色彩；because后跟从句，because of后跟名词、代词、动名词。 课堂作业I根据汉语或首字母提示完成句子。1. Everyone knows about it now, _ _ (多亏) you.2. You must c_ it carefully before you do it.3. You should _ _ (检查) your homework before you hand it in.4. Youd better _ _ (拟定) an outline before you write a composition.5. People plant crops _ _ _ _ (在的帮助下)machines.II单项选择。( )1.What are you thinking about? Im considering _ a new car.A. to buy B. buying C. bought D. buy( )2.Why not go to the flower show with us? I _ it.A. saw B. see C. have seen D. seen( )3.I _ some new CDs. When _ you _ them?A. buy; did; buy B. buy; do; buyC. have bought; till; buy D. have bought; did; buy( )4. _ I went to the zoo.A. Where have you gone? B. Where have you been?C. Where did you go? D. Where do you go?( )5. China is a _ country while America is a _ country.A. developing; developed B. developed; developingC. develop; developed D. developed; development( )6. In the past, farmers plant crops with the help of _, while they do it with _ now.A. farm animals; machines B. machines; farm animalsC. machines; machines D. farm animals; farm animals( )7. Not only Li Lei but also Kangkan _ Harbin. They are talkingabout it now.A. have been to B. has been toC. have gone to D. has gone to( )8. I called him and he _ to have a talk with me.A. stop B. atops C. has stopped D. stopped( )9. Henry _ a birthday card for Sam yesterday.A. has bought B. buys C. bought D. have bought( )10. This question is _ more difficult than that one.A. rather B. quite C. a little D. veryTopic 2 What a large population！Section A知识点击1. I have just called you, 我刚打过电话给你，。 Have you found him yet？你已经找到他了吗？ Have you ever been to France？ 你曾去过法国吗？ He says he has never seen such a beautiful country before. 他说他以前从来没见过这么漂亮的国家。 Yes, I have seen him already. 是的，我已经见过他了。现在为完成时常与下列状语连用：slready（多用于肯定陈述句），never（多用于陈述句表示否定），ever（多用于疑问句，问过去的经历），yet（用于否定句或疑问句），just（位于谓语动词之前），before（一般位于句末）。如：Would you like to go to see the film？你想去看电影吗？No, Ive seen it already. 不，这电影我已经看过了。Have you ever spoken to a foreigner？你跟外国人讲过话吗？No, never. 从来没讲过。（