选修9 Unit 4 Exploring plants 词汇重点.doc

Unit 4 Exploring plants 词汇分析2011-06-08 06:38:55|分类： 高中英语必修 |标签： |字号大中小订阅 1. date back to 追溯到， 后接点时间，在句中做谓语时， 常用一般现在时， 无被动态。 date from date back 意为“追溯; 存在”， 后接“段时间”eg. The Great Wall of China dates back to the third century B.C. The beautiful folk legend dates back more than 300 years. 2. scale n. 1)磅秤；天平盘 a pair of scales 一台天平 a spring scale 弹簧秤 weigh sth. In the scale 用秤称2) 规模； 程度； 范围（与on 连用）on a large/ big/ vast / grand scale 3. conflict n.(c.或 u.) / vi. 斗争 Eg. 1) Some people feel there is a great deal of between religion and science.2)The two parties have been in since the election. . 3) Do British law with any international laws?4. tight adj. 紧的； 紧密的 a knot 打的紧紧的结 a rope 绷紧的绳索a ship 不漏水的船My shoes are too 5. seal n. 1) 海豹 2）封口； 封条 vt. 封闭 eg. an envelopMy lips are sealed, I wont tell you. 我现在守口如瓶， 不会告诉你的。6. appeal to(prep.) sb. 对有吸引力 appeal to sb. for sth. 为某事向某人呼吁 appeal to sb. to do sth. 呼吁某人做某事eg. This idea ed to his father. We are ing to the government for food and clothes. The government is ing everyone to save the water. 7. attatch sth. to (prep.) 把 系在上 attatch to 与 有联系 attach importance/ significance / value/ weight to sth. 认为有重要性(意义,价值, 分量)be attached to 爱慕 依恋; 附属于Eg.1)Please this label to the bottle. 2) Do you live in a bedroom with a bathroom attached? 3) This institute is ed to the University of Texas. 这个研究所附属于得州大学.4) I am very much ed to that old car. 5) Most people attach great importance to their childrens education.8. distant adj. 远的 a relative distance n. 远方; 距离 in the distance at a distance keep sb. at a (对某人) 保持距离 9. fluency n. 流利 fluent adj. 流利的 flu n. 流感 speak English with fluency speak fluent English10. botany (u. n. ) 植物学 Botany Bay 植物湾 botanist (c.n.) 植物学家 botanical adj. 植物学的 garden 植物园11. beard n. 下巴上的胡须 wear a 留胡须 mustache n. 唇上的胡须 whiskers n. 脸颊的胡子Warming up and reading1. adapt toadapt (oneself) to be adapted to eg. Our eyes slowly adapted to the dark. We adapted ourselves to the hot weather.2. Sb.be familiar with sth. Sth. be familiar to sb. Eg. He is familiar with the plants names.= The plants names are familiar to him.3. 比较：far away, far-away, far away from far from1) far away 作表语或状语； away 可以省去； 也可作后至定语。2) far-away 作前至定语3) far away from 只表距离， away 可省去。4) far from 除表距离外， 还有“远远不， 完全不， 并非”之意， 后接名词， 动名词或形容词 eg. They dont live far(away). They live at a far-away place. The school is far(away) from my house.I am far from ( being) happy in my present job. 一点也不满意Are you cold?- Far from it! 怎么会（反而有点热）4. as 作关系代词 Eg. He was a foreigner, as I knew from his accent. Dont read such books as you dont understand. As is known to all, China is stronger and stronger.5. times 1） 时代 in modern times/ fall behind times 2) 境况， 日子， 时势 Times have been good since 1980. 3) 倍数， 次数6. bring back / up/ in / about/ sb. back to life 7. send away 把送往别处, 解雇, 打发走 Eg. He sent his son away to school in Germany. send up / for/ off = see off / out (发送, 发出)8. opportunity (C; U) 机会; 良机 have an to do sth./ diong sth. catch/ seize/ take an give/ offer an 比较: opportunity/ chance Opportunity 多指特殊的机会, 含期待的意味, 而chance多指偶然的机会, 含侥幸之意; 有时可互换. 但chance 还可表可能性 Eg. There is a chance that he may be alive.9. introduce A to B 把A 介绍给B Introduce oneself Introduce into/ in sp. 把某物引进某地10. purpose: on purpose with the purpose of for the purpose of Whats the purpose of doing sth? to the purpose 中肯地11. ruin vt. 毁灭; 毁坏 + 宾语 n. (C.) 废墟 遗迹 复数加 s (U.) 毁坏, 破坏 Eg. She poured water all over my painting and ed it. We saw the s of the church. Drink led to his . 酗酒把他毁了.短语: in ruins 成为废墟 / go into ruin/ come into ruin(毁灭) /ruin ones hopeReading 212.over time 经过一段时间Eg. Can you stay over Sundy?13. reward n. 报酬,报答, 奖赏 Vt. 奖赏,酬劳Eg. She got nothing in for his kindness. He got a of $ 500. I shall him for his dervice. His labour were ed with good fruit.他的努力获得了美好的成果.14. pass on to 传递 Eg. Read the letter and pass it on to him. pass away 去世 pass by 15. 合成词: long- tongued / light-coloured / tube-shaped / Unit4 Exploring plants目标认知重点词汇： scale, conflict, restriction, fluency, appeal, postpone, evolve, attach, date back to, give out重点句型：not until 句型 语 法： 宾语 精讲巧练重点词汇scale【原句回放】 However, it was not until the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries that the exploration of the botanical world began on a large scale. (P32)【点拨】scale n. the size of sth. , especially when it is big 意为“大小，规模”，on a large scale 表示“规模宏大的”，还表示“等级；比例，尺度”如：Any public demonstrations（游行）on a large scale without the permission of the city authorities is antisocial.The scale of this map is one centimeter to the kilometer.A machine for weighing people has a scale from one pound to 300 pounds on it. 【拓展】scales 表示“称，天平”；scale 也用作动词，表示“攀越，爬越”，短语：scale up/ down 按比例逐步增加/减少，如：Students scaled an 8-foot fence to enter the theatre.Such a big order means scaling up our production capacity.【随时练】 With the opportunity to survive becoming small, the search operation has been scaled down slowly at present.A. has been scaled down B. is being scaled downC. scaled upD. is scaling up Key: B conflict【原句回放】Brave young men took the opportunity of going on botanical expeditions, often facing many dangers including disease,and conflicts with the local people. (P32) 【点拨】 conflict n. angry disagreement between people or groups 表示“冲突，争端”，常与介词between / over 连用， be in conflict with sb. 表示“与某人处于争执中”。conflict 也用作动词， 表示“冲突；争执”如：There is a conflict between the two sides of his personality.She is in conflict with her employer over sickness pay.The two stories conflicted, so I did not know what to believe. 【拓展】区别conflict, fight, struggle 都含“战斗” 、“ 斗争”的意思。 conflict指“由于严重不一致， 而引起抵触或冲突”， 如：Their account of the causes of the war conflicts with ours. 他们对于战争起因的报告与我们的报告相反。 fight原义是“打仗”、“战斗”， 指“任何形式的斗争”， 特别强调“短兵相接”， 如：The two boys fought. 两个孩子动手打起来了。 struggle本义是“挣扎”，指“克服某种障碍或困难， 以达到某种目的”，意味着“处境难”， 如：They were struggling for peace. 他们为和平而斗争。【随时练】 In dealing with public relations, we should make every effort to prevent the _in personality. A. contract B. contrast B. connection D. conflictKey: D. 析：conflict争论，摩擦，冲突；contact接触，联系，交往；contrast对比；对照；connection联系，关系。restriction【原句回放】At that time, there were restrictions on the movement of Europeans and so ,(P33) 【点拨】restriction n. the act of limiting or controlling someone or sth. 表示“限制，约束”，短语lift/ remove restrictions on 表示“解除对的限制”，如：The restriction of press freedom is seen as an abuse（侵犯）of human rights. We have been asking the government to lift the restrictions on food export.【拓展】 restrict v. 表示“限制，限定”，restrict sth. to sth 表示“限制某人某物”;restrictive adj. 表示“严格限制的”。如：Doctors have restricted the number of visits to two per day.Travel is my dream, but a busy working life has restricted my opportunities. The current building regulations are very restrictive. 【随时练】The county is facing restrictions _ the use of water for irrigating crops.Ato B. with C. on D. towardKey: C fluency【原句回放】 ， in order to travel unnoticed, he developed his fluency in Chinese and dressed as a Chinese man, even shaving his head in the Chinese style. (P33) 【点拨】 fluency n. quality of speaking , writing in an easy smooth manner 表示“流利，流畅”，with fluency 表示“流畅地, 滔滔不绝”，如：Visitors were amazed at the students conversational fluency in English.He speaks English with great fluency.【拓展】fluent adj. 表示“流利的，熟练的”, be fluent in 表示“在某方面熟练的”， fluently adv. “熟练地”如：You couldnt imagine our prime minister was fluent in eight foreign languages. You speak more fluently than I.【随时练】 She speaks _ though not very correct French.A. fluent B. fluently C. fluency D. with fluencyKey: A appeal【原句回放】One of the collectors was Father Farges, who collected 37 seeds from a tree that had appealed to him. (P33) 【点拨】appeal vi. to be attractive or interesting to sb. 表示“（常与to连用）吸引；引起兴趣”，还表示“呼吁，恳请，上诉，诉诸”等，如：Does the idea of working for a venture company appeal to you? The government is appealing to everyone to save water. The victims families of the murder have appealed to the Supreme Court to have adefinitive answer. He appealed against the judges decision.【拓展】appeal 用作名词，表示“呼吁，请求，吸引力”，常与介词for 连用，make an appeal 请求；如：They have launched an appeal to send food to the flood victims.There have been several appeals for an end to the fighting.The old couple made an emotional appeal for his daughter to connect them.【随时练】The design _all the ages and social groups is not easy to make.A. appealed to B. being appealed to C. to be appealed to D. appealing toKey: D postpone【原句回放】My parents suggested postponing our visit to the pyramid because we didnt have enough time to see them before we left Egypt.(P35) 【点拨】postpone vt. to decide that sth. will not be done at the time when it was planned, or to delay 表示“推迟，延期”，postpone doing sth 表示“推迟做某事”常与介词till/until/ to连用，如：We postponed the match from March 5th to March 19th. The ball game was postponed because of the heavy rain.【拓展】区别delay/ postpone / put off 均含“推迟”、“延期”、“延缓”的意思。 delay 指“暂时阻挠或阻挡, 稍后可再继续进行”, 如：The steamer was delayed by bad weather. 汽轮因天气不佳而延期。 postpone是正式用语, 语义较强, 指“有意识地延至将来某一特定时间”, 在多数情况下, 后面说 明改在何时进行, 如：The meeting has been postponed to Friday. 会议推迟到星期五举行。 put off与postpone大致同义, 但较通俗口语化, 如：Lets put this off till some other time. 我们还是把这搁一搁, 以后再说吧。【随时练】 We ve had to postpone _ to France because Adrians got an interview for a job that week.A. going B. go C. to go D. to goingKey: Aevolve【原句回放】Over time, many flowering plants and their animal pollinators have evolved together. (P38) 【点拨】evolve vi vt. to develop naturally and gradually over a period of time 表示“ 发展，进化”，常与介词from/ into连用，如：There was a debate as to whether birds evolved from dinosaurs.The British present political system has evolved over several centuries. 【拓展】evolution n. 表示“进化（论）,发展”，evolutionary adj. 表示“进化的， 发展的”。如：The space program is the evolution of years of research.The new fossil finds may tell us more about human evolution. 【随时练】The developmental history of the society tells us that man has _from the ape. A. involved B. dissolved C. evolved D. solved Key: C attach【原句回放】Pollen becomes attached to the animal during its visit to a flower and is then passed on to another plants blossom on its next visit. (P38) 【点拨】 attach vt. to connect one thing to another 表示“系上，缚上，附加”，常与介词to 连用，attach a label to 贴上标签，如：There was a massage attached to the flowers.No blame attaches to him for the accident. We should attach primary importance to the development of economy. 【拓展】attached adj. 表示“连接的， 附加的”，attachment n. 表示“附件，爱慕”。如：She found herself growing deeply attached to the old lady.The hallway leads to a bathroom with bath and shower attachment.【随时练】On returning home, she found a note _ to the door, reading: “ call in later.” A. attaching B. attached C. attach D. being attachedKey: B date back to【原句回放】Collecting “exotic” plants, as they are called, dates back to the earliest times. (P32) 【点拨】date back to 表示“追溯到，始于”，相当于date from, 常用于一般现在时，且无被动语态，如：These sculptures must date from the middle of the 7th century.【拓展】date 用作动词，表示“在写上日期，确定的年代”；out of date 表示“过时的”，up to date 表示“新式的，时髦的”如：The paintings havent yet been accurately dated by the museums experts.The new park provides up- to -date information , hands-on learning and lots of fun andexcitement. 【随时练】 The temple, which _ back to the 17th century, is undergoing a complete mending.A. dates B. goes C. was made D. was builtKey: Agive out【原句回放】Smell: strong, sweet perfume, typically only given out at night. (P38) 【点拨】 give out vt. to produce sth. such as a sound or light, 表示“发出，散发出”,还表示“分发，用尽，停止运转”如：The teacher gave out textbook to the students who ask for them.The new devices gives out very low noise.His heart finally gave out under the strain. 【拓展】相关短语：give away 泄漏；赠送； give in 妥协，屈服；give off 散发出，冒出；give up 放弃，停止，如：The supermarket is giving away a box of sugar to everyone who comes today.The government has said all along that it will never give in to the terrorist threats.When they die, plants gives off gases such as carbon dioxide and methane(甲烷). 【随时练】 Dont mention that at the beginning of the story, or it may _ the shocking ending.A. give away B. give out C. give up D. give offKey: A重点句型not until 句型【原句回放1】 However, it was not until the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries that the exploration of the botanical world began on a large scale. (P32)【点拨】 not until 表示“直到才，在之前不”，只用于主句谓语是瞬间性动词，如果主句谓语是延续性动词时则不用not, 有时until可以与before 互换 ，如：We cant start the job until we have the approval from the authority concerned. He waited until the volcano became quiet and he was able to return two days later. Dont promise him anything before weve had time to think about it. 【拓展】 如果“not until”结构置于句首时，主句的语序要用倒装结构，而until引导的句子不倒装， 如：Not until I left home did I begin to understand how kind my parents were. “not until句型”用于强调句中“It was/ is not until that” 表示“直到才” 如：It was not until he told me that I knew about it. It was not until the 1880 that there were consistent experimental findings to support the theory. 在until 引导的时间状语从句中，主句若是一般将来时，从句往往用一般现在时或现在完成时。 如：Dont get off until the bus has stopped.【链接高考】【考例1】It was _ back home after the experiment.Anot until midnight did he go B. until midnight that he didnt goC. not until midnight that he wentD. until midnight when he didnt go 【答案与解析】C。 考查强调句型“It was not until that”。【考例2】“You cant have the football back _ you promise not to kick it at my cat again,” the old man said firmly. Abecause B. since C. when D. until 【答案与解析】D. 句意是：直到你答应不再用球打我的猫，否则你不会要回你的球，这位老太太坚定的说。 【考例3】I wont tell the student the answer to the math problem until he _ on it for more than an hour. Ahas been working B. will have worked C. will have been working D. had worked【答案与解析】A. until引导的时间状语从句中， 主句用一般将来时，从句则用现在时。【考例4】We are told that we should follow the main road _ we reached the central railway station.A. whenever B. until C. while D. wherever【答案与解析】B. follow 是延续性动词，表示“沿着，顺着”，句意是“沿着那条公路走直到到达中心火车站。写作进行时翻译下文，尽量运用本单元学过的词汇及短语：有一天在我和汤姆上学的路上，汤姆碰上了一次车祸，幸运的是他没有受伤，可是他的自行车坏了，于是我用绳子把他的车子拴到我的车子上，这样我们一块朝学校骑去。当然我们的速度受到了限制，并且恐怕要迟到。我们之间也出现过争吵，最后，直到上课了我们还没有到。然而，令我们高兴的是老师并没有惩罚我们而是表扬了我们相互帮助。写作过程：（1）审题：_ （2）列出相关词汇短语：_.（3）谋篇：_. （4）写作：_答案：（1）审题：叙述一个故事，时态用一般现在时（2）列出相关词汇短语：came across, break down, attach, restrict, conflict, to our delight（3）谋篇：fortunately, though, so, not until , however（4）范文：One day on my and Toms way to school ,Tom came across an accident. Fortunately, he was not injured at all, his bike broke down, though. So I had to attach my bike to Toms with a rope. In this way we made our way to the school. Of course , our speed was greatly restricted and we were afraid to be late. There were some conflicts between us on our way. At last we didnt arrive at school until the class began. However, to our delight, our teacher praised us for our helping each other instead of punishing us.解析：1这篇作文用到很多本单元的知识点，如：came across, break down, attach, restrict, conflict 以及本单元重点句型：not until及几组副词。 2在写作过程的第二步（列出相关词汇短语），可以作为brainstorm的训练，列出所有自己能想到的词汇及短语，及连接词等等。3为了得到高分，同学一定要注意长短句的交替使用。如果第一句很长，第二句一定要尽量短。如果同学们有时间背诵新概念英语，对它的布局谋篇会有深刻的印象，对我们的写作会大有裨益。4精心选择过渡语， 如： fortunately，though， in this way，of course， however等 基础达标：单项填空（20题）1. In the botanical garden we can find a(n) _ of plants that range from tall trees to small flowers.A. species B. groups C. amount D. variety2. This is a very special flower and it can _ a strong sweet perfume at night.A. give in B. give up C. give out D. give out3. The story tells of a classic conflict _ love and duty.A. with B. between C. into D. on4. It wasnt until nearly a month later _ I received the managers reply.A. since B. when C. as D. that5. Was his father very strict with him when he was at school? Yes. He had never praised him _ he became one of the top students in his grade.A. after B. unless C. until D. when6. They are so close friends and their friendship _ college days.A. dates back to B. dates back C. dates to D. dates back from7. Can you give me some advice about the des