英语语法 动词不定式.doc

动词不定式的时态和语态 语态 主动语态被动语态时态一般时to do to be done 完成时to have doneto have been done 进行时to be doing 完成进行时to have been doing不定式的一般式表示动作与谓语动词的动作是同时发生的或者是在其后发生的。e.g. Thousands of young people are learning to ski. Where can we get some sickles to cut the rice.不定式的进行式表示动作与谓语动词的动作是同时的，而且正在进行着。另外，不定式的进行时也可以表示“即将发生”。e.g.: I hate to be lying in bed like this while other students are having class.不定式的完成式A. 用在intended, expected, meant, hoped, promised, wanted, planned, wished, thought, desired, was were 等后，表示过去没有实现的愿望、期待或计划等，也用来表示先于谓语动词发生的动作或状态，to have done表示动作，to have been 表示状态。e.g.: I hoped to have finished the work earlier.I intended to have come to see you.She intended to do that, but she didnt.She had intended to do that.She intended to have done that.B. 用在seem, appear, think, consider, believe等后，表示一个动作先于另一个动作发生。e.g.: I seem to have seen her somewhere before. He was believed to have been a reporter.C. 在should/would like 或should/would have liked 后用不定式完成式表示没有实现的愿望。e.g.: I should have liked to have seen her face when she read the letter.I would like to have given him a definite answer. 我但愿曾经给过他明确的答复。（现在愿望，现在知道已不能实现。）I would have liked to have given him a definite answer. 我当时就但愿给他过明确的答复。（过去的愿望，当时已知不能实现。）1. 不定式的否定式动词不定式的否定是在to 前面加 not ，（有时也用 never 表示强调）e.g. She decided not to be late again. He promised never to make such a stupid mistake.I regretted not to have started earlier.2. 不定式在句中的作用动词不定式有副词，形容词和名词的特征，因此在句中可作状语、定语、宾语、补语、表语和主语等成份。作主语To live is to work.To save time is to lengthen life.不定式作主语时，表示具体的或一次性的动作，特别是将来的动作。有时为了保持句子的平衡，用it作形式主语。1._ is a good form of exercise for both young and old A. The walk B. Walking C. To walk D. Walk2. In fact _ is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match.A. this B. thatC. there D. it3. It is not unusual for workers in that region _. A. to be paid more than a month later B. to be paid later than more a month C. to pay later than a month more D. to pay later more than a month B. 作表语 His job is to teach English1. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _ it more difficult. A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make 2. The two presidents agree with each other on the whole, but much remains _ at the following meeting. A. discussing B. discussed C. to discuss D. to be discussedC. 作宾语 I learn to speak Japanese. They decided to begin the experiment at once. I wish to be a college student.不定式作宾语，通常用于want, hope, wish, like, need, hate, begin, start, remember, agree, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help等词后。1. We agree _ here but so far she hasnt turned up yet. A. having met B. meeting C. to meet D. to have met2. Mr. Johnson preferred _ heavier work to do. A. to be givenB. to be giving C. to have given D. having given注意：一些系动词，如appear, come, fail, get, happen, prove, seem, turn out等后面接不定式。 1.Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains_whethertheywillenjoyit. A.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.seenD.作宾语补足语a. 在主动语态中作宾语补足语 I like you to do it this way. Please ask John to turn on the light.b. 在被动语态的句子中成为主语补足语 We are advised to wait. They are allowed to talk in the classroom after class.E. 作定语a.动词不定式作定语时，须放在被修饰的名词或代词的后面：He said he had an important meeting to attend.b. 如果不定式是不及物动词，后面就应有必要的介词：Give me a piece of paper to write on .He is looking for a room to live in.c.有些名词常用不定式作定语Before liberation he had no chance to go to school.Our teacher had no time to think about rest.She was the first (person ) to think of the idea.1. The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to _. A. sit B. sit on C. be seat D. be sat on2. Would you please give me a piece of paper _? A. to write B. to write on C. to write with D. to be written不定式作定语 不定式的一般式通常表示一个将来或经常性的动作。 The meeting _ next week is of great importance. (hold)1. If the building project _ by the end of this month is delayed, the construction company will be fined. A. being completed B. is completed C. to be completed D. completed2. First he made a list of the names of those _. Then he began to write the invitation cards. A. invitedB. being invitedC. to be invited D. having been invited作状语a. 作目的状语 He sat down to have a rest. They went there to visit their teacher .b.作结果状语 He woke up to find everybody gone.c. 在某些表示喜，怒，哀，乐等的形容词后作原因状语 I am very glad to see you. I am so sorry to hear your mother is ill.d.在带有enough 或too的句子中，作状语，表示程度 He was too excited not to say a few words. She is too tired to do the job. He is old enough to go to school.1. _ a teacher in a university, it is necessary to have at least a masters degree. A. To become B. Become C. One becomes D. On becoming2. -Why are they pulling down the houses? -_ a new parking lot. A. Build B. To build C. Building D. Built3. 不定式省略 to 的情况A. 在 feel , listen to , make , let, have , see, look at , watch, notice, observe 等词后，接省略 to 的不定式作宾语补足语B. 在would rather (would sooner, had rather, had sooner)than ,rather than 等结构的than 之后用不带to的动词不定式： I know better than do such a thing. He insisted on going back to his work rather than stay in hospital.C. 在以Why引导的疑问句中用省略 to的不定式： Why worry about it ? Why not you go there by bike?D.在cannot but , cannot choose