air quality monitoring – example of environmental monitoring：环境监测空气质量监测–例子

The 6th session of the Working Group on Environmental Monitoring and AssessmentUN ECE,Geneva 12 14 June 2006,AIR QUALITY MONITORING IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC An example of adoption of EU air monitoring requirements in new MSs Jaroslav Fiala, European Environment AgencyKongens Nytorv 6, Copenhagen,The 6th session of the Working Group on Environmental Monitoring and AssessmentUN ECE,Geneva 12 14 June 2006,Democratic changes in the beginning of 90s led to adoption of environmentally friendly legislation and enforced substantial improvement of the environment in CRRestructuring of economy (decline from heavy industry, liberalisation of prices of energy )Implementation of necessary abatement measures (desulphurization, use of low NOx-burners and particle filters at large power plants, gasification, reduction of emissions from cars .)Air emissions and consequently ambient air concentrations of basic pollutants (SO2, PM and NOx) decreased remarkably in the Czech Republic after 1990Air quality monitoring and air quality assessment was substantially improved after 1990,Air pollution in CR in last period,SO2,TSP,Before 1990 the Czech Republic belonged to the most polluted areas in Europe (northern Bohemia - Black Triangle, Silesia),SO2,PM,The 6th session of the Working Group on Environmental Monitoring and AssessmentUN ECE,Geneva 12 14 June 2006,Air quality monitoring in CR in 1992-2002,Air Quality Monitoring NetworksBackbone Network of Automated Stations,The 6th session of the Working Group on Environmental Monitoring and AssessmentUN ECE,Geneva 12 14 June 2006,EU Enlargement and the environment,The process of EU Enlargement was an additional important stimulus for further improvement of the environment in Candidate Countries The accession process required an adoption of the European environmental legislation = Transposition and implementation of EU legislation into the national legislation,The 6th session of the Working Group on Environmental Monitoring and AssessmentUN ECE,Geneva 12 14 June 2006,Adoption of EU AQ legislation,By 2002 the Czech Republic transposed and implemented more than a dozen of EU AQ related directives and regulations:Integrated Pollution Prevention Control (IPPC) directiveNational Emission Ceiling directive Air Emissions related directivesIn ambient air quality it covered a transposition and implementation of:Framework Directive 96/62/ECDaughter Directives 1999/30/EC, 2000/69/EC and 2002/3/ECExchange of Information (EoI) Decision 97/101/ECApproximation of EU legislation led in the Candidate Countries to the adoption and innovation of air pollution protection legislation clean air acts,The 6th session of the Working Group on Environmental Monitoring and AssessmentUN ECE,Geneva 12 14 June 2006,Harmonization of air quality monitoring,Daughter Directives (99/30/EC, 2000/69/EC, 2002/3/EC) specify detailed minimum requirements concerning: minimum numbers of monitoring sites in zones and agglomerationsbasic requirements and site selection criteria both at micro- and macro-scale traffic/kerb sitesdata quality objectivesgeneral requirements for AQ assessment proceduresDuring the year 2003 the national air quality monitoring network was innovated and optimised reflecting requirements of the EU AQ legislationoptimisation of existing networks (reduction of number of automated station from 96 to about 70) installation of new kerbside / traffic stations in agglomerations monitoring of PM2.5 , new instrumentation for PM10 and PM2.5extension of monitoring of benzene (BTX)improvement of monitoring of heavy metals (ICP-AAS/MS) and PAHs,The 6th session of the Working Group on Environmental Monitoring and AssessmentUN ECE,Geneva 12 14 June 2006,Innovated national air quality monitoring,Operated by CHMI as the authorized organizationAbout 70 automated monitoring stations throughout the territory of the Czech Republic On-line data transmission from stations using radio communicationAbout 40 manual stations (PAHs, HMs.)Actual information for public and state administrationLocation and classification of the stations according to EoI and DDsMonitored compoundssulphur dioxidenitrogen dioxide / nitrogen oxidesPM10PM2.5 carbon monoxidebenzene, toluene and xylene (BTX) ozoneheavy metalsPAHs and chemical composition of precipitation,The 6th session of the Working Group on Environmental Monitoring and AssessmentUN ECE,Geneva 12 14 June 2006,Air quality assessment should:determine status of air quality in comparison with political targetsidentify trends/tendencies of pollutant concentrationsanalyse spatial distribution of pollutant concentrations to:classify air quality in zones and agglomerationsidentify areas for abatement measures estimate population and ecosystem exposure to air pollutionReports and outputsAnnual reports:- Air Quality in the Czech Republic- Air Quality in Data www.chmi.cz- SoER of the Czech RepublicReporting air quality and summer ozone data to EU/EEA according to EoI (97/101/EC) and 2002/3/ECReporting of air quality in zones and agglomerationsReporting of plans and programs,How are monitoring data used? Air quality assessment in the Czech Republic,The 6th session of the Working Group on Environmental Monitoring and AssessmentUN ECE,Geneva 12 14 June 2006,EUROPEAN EXCHANGE OF AIR QUALITY MONITORING META-INFORMATION IN 2004; ETC/ACC Technical paper 2006/-,European AQ monitoring networks,The 6th session of the Working Group on Environmental Monitoring and AssessmentUN ECE,Geneva 12 14 June 2006,How are Airbase data used ?,Reports: Air Qua