英国文学史课程考试大纲.doc

苏州科技学院外国语学院 英国文学史 课程考试大纲 一、课程性质与特点英国文学史为“英语”和“英语（师范）”专业任意选修课，属于考查课，共24学时，1.5学分。本课程涵盖英国文学史上从中古英语时期、中世纪、文艺复兴、17世纪文学、18世纪文学、浪漫主义、现实主义、现代主义、后现代主义至当代各个时期重要的文学思潮、流派及其发生的社会、文化、哲学背景以及各个时期重要作家的代表性作品。本课程所讲授的知识是英语专业本科生知识结构不可或缺的一部分，是英语专业学生人文素养必要的组成成分，也是英语专业八级考试“人文知识”部分考核的内容之一。鉴于本课程学时短，内容多，本课程的特点是以史为经，以作家作品为纬，详讲文艺复兴、18世纪文学、浪漫主义、现实主义部分，略讲其它部分。二、课程目标与基本要求学生在学习本课程后应该对英国文学史上中古英语时期、中世纪、文艺复兴、17世纪文学、浪漫主义、现实主义、现代主义至当代各个时期重要的文学思潮、流派及其发生的社会、文化、哲学背景以及各个时期重要作家的代表性作品有个宏观的了解，能解释相关的名词，熟悉各个时期的主要特点和重要作家及其重要作品，并能结合文学的外在与内在因素对文学作品做出初步评论。三、教材及主要参考书教材：刘炳善：英国文学简史（新增订本）( A Short History of English Literature (Newly revised & enlarged edition)(“十一五”国家级规划教材).郑州：河南人民出版社，2008.主要参考书：刘意青、刘炅：简明英国文学史（A Brief History of English Literature- from the Old English period to 1990s）. 北京：外语教学与研究出版社，2008.四、考核内容与考核目标Part One Early and Medieval English LiteratureChapter 1 The Making of EnglandI. The Britons : a tribe of Celts, the early inhabitants in the Island, form which (Britons) Britain ( i.e. Land of Britons) got its name.（识记，重点）II. The Roman Conquest : In 55 B.C. Britain was invaded by Julius Caesar, the Roman conqueror. The Roman conquest lasted for about 400 years (to AD 410). Road systems in London were built. （识记，重点）III. The English Conquest : Britain invaded by three tribes (pirates) from North Europe: The Angles, Saxons and Jutes. Seven kingdoms were established-then combined into a united kingdom called England (the land of Angles)- the three tribes mixed into one people called English or the Angles, and the three dialects grew into one single language called Anglo-Saxon, or Old English. （识记，重点）IV. The Social Condition of The Anglo-Saxons (识记，一般)V. Anglo-Saxon Religious Belief and Its Influence: The Anglo-Saxons were heathen people, believing in old mythology in North Europe. They were Christianized in the 7th century. （识记，次重点）Chapter 2 BeowulfI. Anglo-Saxon Poetry: Beowulf (a poem of more than 3000 lines) is the national epic of the English people. （识记，重点）II. The Story (理解，一般)III. Analysis of its Content(理解，一般)IV. Features （应用，重点）1) the use of alliteration ( certain accented words in a line begin with the same consonants;2) the use of metaphors/kennings (e.g. “Ring-giver” for king , or “whales road” for sea)3) the use of understatements (e.g. “not troublesome” for very welcome, “need not praise” for a right to condemn)Chapter 3 Feudal England1）The Norman ConquestI. The Danish Invasion (识记，一般)II. The Norman Conquest（1） The French-speaking Normans under Duke William came in 1066. William was later crowned as King of England.（识记，次重点）（2） The Norman Conquest marked the establishment of feudalism in England. （识记，次重点）（3） The influence of Norman Conquest on the English language. （应用，重点）2) Feudal England (skip)4) The RomanceI. The content of the Romance(1) The most prevailing kind of literature in Feudal England was the romance. （识记，重点）(2) The essence of the Romances id chivalry. （识记，次重点）II. The Romance Cycle(1) Matters of Britain (King Arthur and his Knights of the Round Table, the culmination of which is Sir Gawain and the Green Knight); （理解，重点）(2) Matters of France; (识记，一般)(3) Matters of Rome. (识记，一般)Chapter 4 Langland （1） William Langland: author of Piers the Plowman;（2） Piers the Plowman is one of the greatest of English poems, written in the form of a dream vision,;（3） depicting the feudal England by allegory and symbolism. （识记，重点）Chapter 5 The English Ballads(1) definition of Ballad （应用，重点）(2) The most important department of English folk literature is the ballad. (识记，一般)(3) The Robin Hood Ballads （理解，重点）Chapter 6 Geoffrey Chaucer (c.1343-1400)(1) father/founder of English poetry(2) major works: Troilus and Criseyde; The Canterbury Tales（识记，重点）(3) The Canterbury Tales: （应用，重点）A. Dramatic structure: a framed story (definition); (识记，一般)B. realistic presentation of characters (e.g. Wife of Bath) and contemporary life; (识记，一般)C. Heroic couple (definition), which is Chaucers chief contribution to the metric scheme of the English poetry; （理解，重点）D. He used London dialect (instead of Latin or French) as to write poetry, thus making English Language of literature. （识记，重点）Part Two: The English RenaissanceChapter 1 Old English in Transition I. The New Monarchy(1) Hundred Years War with France (1337-1453) (识记，一般)(2) The War of the Roses (1455-1485) (识记，一般)(3) Tudor Dynasty , a centralized monarchy (to meet the needs of the rising bourgeoisie(识记，一般)II. The Reformation(1) Henry VIII declared the break with Rome, and established Protestantism; (识记，一般)III. The English Bible(1) The first complete English Bible was translated by John Wycliffe (1324?-1384), the morning star of the Reformation,” and his followers. （识记，重点）(2) King James Bible, the Authorized Version. （识记，重点）V. The Enclosure Movement (识记，一般)VI. The Commercial Expansion (识记，一般)VII. The War with Spain (1) the rout of the Spanish fleet “ Armada” (Invincible) （识记，次重点）(2) The English Bourgeoisie came to the fore in the arena of history. (识记，一般)VIIThe Renaissance and Humanism(1) definition of The Renaissance（应用，重点）(2) Humanism is the key-note of the Renaissance. （识记，重点）Chapter 2 More(1) Thomas More (1478-1535): the greatest of the English humanists, author of Utopia. （识记，重点）(2) Utopia（理解，重点）Chapter 3 The Flowering of English LiteratureI. The Flowering of English Literature （Skip）II. Sidney and Raleigh(1) Sir Philip Sidney (1554-1686): well-known as a poet and a critic of poetry. (识记，一般)(2) His Apology for Poetry is one of the earliest English literary essays. （理解，次重点）III. Edmund Spencer (1552-1599)(1) Known as “The Poets Poet”, held a position as a model of poetical art among the Renaissance English poets. （识记，重点）(2) The Faerie Queene （理解，重点）(3) The Spenserian Stanza （理解，重点）IV. John Lyly (1554?-1606) (skip)V. Francis Bacon (1561-1626) (1) founder of English materialist philosophy; (识记，次重点）(2) founder of modern science in England (Knowledge is power.) （识记，重点）(3) two works Advancement of Learning and New Instrument （put forward “Inductive method of reasoning”）（识记，重点）(4) also famous for his Essays. （理解，重点）Chapter 4 DramaI. The Miracle Play(1) The highest glory of the English Renaissance was unquestionably its drama. （识记，重点）(2) English drama had roots reaching back to the miracle plays of the Middle Ages. （识记，一般）(3) definition of miracle plays (Based on Bible stories) （理解，次重点）II. The Morality Play(1) a little later than miracle plays. （理解，重点）(2) definition (conflict of good and evil with allegorical personages, such as Mercy, Peace, Hate, Folly and so on.) （理解，次重点）III. The Interlude（识记，一般）IV. The Classical Drama（识记，一般）Miracle plays, morality plays, interludes and classical plays were the forms of drama prevailing until the reign of Elizabeth and paved the way for the flourishing of drama. （识记，次重点）V. The London Theatre In the 16th century, London became the center of English drama. （识记，一般）VIThe Audience（识记，一般）VII. The Playwrights The University Wits (Lyly, Peele, Marlowe, Greene, Lodge and Nash) （识记，次重点）Chapter 5 Marlowe (1564-1593)I. The most gifted of the “university wits” was Christopher Marlowe. （识记，重点）II. Marlowes best includes three of his plays: Tamburlaine(1587); The Jew of Malta (1592); Doctor Faustus（识记，重点）III. Doctor Faustus（理解，重点）IV. Social significance of Marlowes Plays（理解，重点）V. Marlowes literary achievement Marlowe first made blank verse (unrhymed iambic pentameter) the principal instrument of English drama. （识记，重点）Chapter 6 Shakespeare (1564-1616)I. Life William Shakespeare was born in Stratford-on-Avon, a little town in Warwickshire. All through his life he wrote 37 (?39) plays, 154 sonnets and 2 long poems. He was acknowledged to be the summit of the English Renaissance.（识记，重点）II. A Chronological list of Shakespeares plays（识记，一般）III. Periods of his dramatic composition(1) The 1st period: Historical plays (his first theatrical success was his historical plays Henry VI) and four comedies. （识记，一般）(2) The 2nd period: great comedies（识记，一般）(3) The 3rd period: great tragedies and dark comedies（识记，一般）(4) 4th period: romances or reconciliation plays（识记，一般）IV. The Great Comedies: A Midsummer Nights Dream; The Merchant of Venice; As You Like It; Twelfth Night（应用，重点）V. The Mature Histories (1) Henry IV（识记，一般） (2)The Image of Henry V: the symbol of Shakespeares ideal kingship. （识记，一般） (3) The image of Sir John Falstaff（理解，重点）VI. The Great Tragedies: Hamlet; Othello; King Lear; Macbeth（应用，重点）VII. Hamlet（应用，重点） （1）The story（识记，一般） (2)The character of Hamlet (hesitant humanist) （理解，重点） (3) The melancholy of Hamlet（理解，重点）VIII. The Later Comedies（识记，一般）IX. The Poems(1) Venus and Adonis（识记，一般）(2) The Rape of Lucrece（识记，一般）(3) sonnets (154, definition) （理解，重点）X. Features of Shakespeares Drama（理解，次重点）Chapter 7 Ben Jonson (1572-1637Mainly remembered for his comedies: Everyman in his Humour; Volpone, or The Fox; The Alchemist; Bartholomew Fair（识记，一般）Part Three The Period of the English Bourgeois RevolutionChapter 1 The English Revolution and the Restoration (skip)Chapter 2 John Milton (1608-1674)I. Life and work(1) Areopagitica: appealing for the freedom of press. （识记，重点）(2) three epics: Paradise Lost, Paradise Regained; Samson Agonistes（识记，重点）II. Paradise Lost(1) The story（识记，一般）(2)Theme and characterization（理解，次重点）(3) The Image of Satan（理解，重点）III. Samson Agonistes（理解，次重点）IV. Brief summary （理解，次重点）Chapter 3 John Bunyan (1628-1688)(1) The Pilgrims Progress is a religious allegory. （识记，重点）(2) Content of The Pilgrims Progress（理解，重点）Chapter 4 Metaphysical poets and Cavalier poets(1) definition of “Metaphysical poetry” （理解，重点）(2) John Donne was the founder of the Metaphysical School. （识记，重点）(3) Other members of the metaphysical school: George Herbert (1593-1633); Andrew Marvell (1621-1678); Henry Vaughan (1622-1695) （识记，一般）Chapter 5 Some prose writers (Skip)Chapter 6 Restoration LiteratureI. Restoration Comedies (skip)II. John Dryden (1631-1700)(1) The most distinguished literary figure of the Restoration period (1660-1688), poet, playwright, and critic. （识记，重点）(2) An Essay of Dramatic Poesy established his position as the leading critic of the day. （识记，次重点）(3) He was the forerunner of the English classical school of literature in the next century. （识记，一般）Part Four The Eighteenth CenturyChapter 1 The Enlightenment and Classicism in English LiteratureI. The Enlightenment and the 18th century England(1) After the “Glorious Revolution” of 1688, England became a constitutional monarchy and power passed form the King to the Parliament and the cabinet ministers. （识记，次重点）(2) The Enlightenment in Europe（理解，重点）(3) The English Enlighteners: The representatives of the Enlightenment in English Literature were Joseph Addison and Richard Steele, the essayists, and Alexander Pope, the poet. （识记，重点）II. (Neo-)Classicism （理解，重点）Chapter 2 Addison and Steele1. Richard Steele (1672-1729) and The Tatler（识记，重点）2. Joseph Addison (1672-1719) and The Spectator（识记，重点）3. In the hands of Addison and Steele, the English essay completely established itself as a literary genre. Using it as a form a character sketching and story-telling, they ushered in the dawn of modern English novel.（识记，次重点）Chapter 3 PopeI. Life: Alexander Pope (1688-1774) is the most important poet in the first half of the 18th century. （识记，重点）II.Work1. Essay on Criticism(1711) (some proverbial maxims: For fools rush in where angels fear to tread. To err is human, to forgive, divine. A little learning is a dangerous thing.) （识记，重点）2. The Rape of the Lock (1714) （识记，一般）3. Popes Homer: He translated the entire Iliad and Half of the Odyssey. （识记，一般）4. Popes Shakespeare: He was an editor of Shakespeares plays. （识记，一般）5. The Dunciad (1728-1742) （识记，一般）6. Essay on Man (1732-1734) （识记，一般）III. Workmanship and limitation Pope is the most important representative of the English classical poetry and was at his best in satire and epigram. （识记，重点）Chapter 4 Jonathan Swift (1667-1745)1. His works: (1) A Tale of a Tub : a satire upon all religious sects. （识记，次重点） (2) The Battle of Books: an attack on pedantry in the literary world of the time. （识记，次重点） (3) Bickerstaff Almanac （识记，一般） (4) Gullivers Travels: a political satire（理解，重点）2.His style: 1）simple, clear and vigorous language (“ Proper words in proper places, makes the true definition of a style); 2）master of satire and irony（识记，次重点）Chapter 5 Defoe and the Rise of the English NovelI. The Rise of the English Novel: The modern English novel in the 18th century.（识记，重点）Important novelists: Defoe, Swift, Richardson, Fielding, Smollett and Sterne. （识记，次重点）II. Daniel Defoe (1660-1731)(1) His works: Robinson Crusoe (1719); Captain Singleton (1720); Moll Flanders (1722); Colonel Jacque (1722) （识记，次重点）(2) Robinson Crusoe: 1) the story; 2) the character of Robinson Crusoe (the representative of the rising bourgeoisie, practical and exact, religious, mindful of profit, colonizer) （理解，重点）Chapter Samuel Richardson (1689-1761) His Novel: Pamela (, or, Virtue Rewarded: In a Series of Familiar Letters from a Beautiful Young Damsel to Her Parents): epistolary novel (novel of letters) （理解，重点）Chapter 7 Henry Fielding （1707-1754）1.Father of the English novel（识记，重点）2. Joseph Andrews（识记，一般）3. Jonathan Wild (exposing the English bourgeois society and mocking its political system) （识记，一般）4. (The History of )Tom Jones, (A Foundling) 1)The Story（识记，一般） 2)Characterization（识记，一般）5. Fielding as the founder of the English realist novels（理解，重点）6. Some features of Fieldings novels. （应用，重点）Chapter 8 Smollett and SterneI. Tobias Smollett (1721-1771)(1) Roderick Random (1748): first important work by Smollett. It is a picaresque novel (i.e. a novel of travels and adventures). （识记，重点）(2)Humphry Clinker (1771): the best and pleasantest of Smolletts novels (also a picaresque novle narrated in the form of letters.) （识记，一般）II. Lawrence Sterne (1713-1768)1. (The Life and Opinions of ) Trstram Shandy (1760-1767): a plotless, formless novel full of digressions, following “stream of consciousness”. （理解，重点）2. A Sentimental Journey (giving the name of the School of “sentimentalism”). （识记，重点）3. Sterne is remembered as a representative of sentimentalism in the 18th century. （识记，重点）Chapter 9 18th Century Drama and Sheridan1. Richard Brinsley Sheridan (1751-1816) 1) The Rivals ( Mrs. Malaprop, thus giving the term “malapropism”, which means a ridiculous misusage of big words.) （识记，次重点） 2) The School for Scandal: a great “ comedy of manners”, a satire of English high society. （理解，次重点）Chapter 10 Johnson Samuel Johnson (1709-1784): mainly remembered for his Dictionary. （识记，重点）Chapter 11 Goldsmith (1730-1774)I. A representative of sentimentalists（识记，重点）II. Work:1. poems: The Traveler and The Deserted Village（识记，次重点）2. Novel: The Vicar of Wakefield ( Goldsmiths masterpiece, for which he was acknowledged to be one of the representatives of English sentimentalism.) （识记，重点）3. Comedies: 1) The Good-natured man (1768), a comedy of character; （识记，一般） 2) She stoops to conquer (1773), a comedy of manners; （识记，一般）4. Essays: The Citizens of the World (1762), a collection of essays（识记，一般）Chapter 12 Gibbon Edward Gibbon (1737-1794): author of The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire （识记，重点）Chapter 13 Sentimentalism and Pre-Romanticism in PoetryI. Sentimentalism in English poetry: Thomas Gray (1716-1771) famous for his Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard, which is a model of sentimental poetry, and from which Gray was called a poet of “Graveyard School”. （识记，重点）II. Pre-RomanticismChapter 14 William Blake 1) Songs of Innocence（理解，重点） 2) Songs of Experience（理解，重点） 3) The Marriage of Heaven and Hell（识记，一般） 4) His position in English poetry （识记，一般）Chapter 15 Robert Burns1. A poet of the peasants; （识记，重点）2. Poems Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect; songs written in the Scottish dialect on a variety of subjects (some examples: A Red, Red Rose; My Hearts in the Highlands. Auld Lang Syne) （识记，重点）Part Five: Romanticism in EnglandChapter 1 The Romantic Period1. Romanticism (definition and characteristics)（应用，重点）2. Lake poets (or Lakers, or escapist romanticists): Wordsworth, Coleridge and Southey（识记，重点）3. Active romanticists: Byron, Shelley and Keats. （识记，重点）4. Romantic prose was represented by Lamb, Hazlitt, De Quincey; （识记，一般）5. The only great novelist in this period was Walter Scott. （识记，重点）Chapter 2 William Wordsworth (1770-1850)1. In 1798, Wordsworth and Coleridge jointly published Lyrical Ballads, which marked the break with the conventional poetic tradition of the 18th century Neo-classism, and the beginning of the Romantic revival in England. （识记，重点）2. In the preface to the Lyrical Ballads, Wordsworth set forth his principles of poetry. ( “All good poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feeling.”) （识记，次重点）3. Some of his short lyrics: Lines Written in Early Spring; To the Cuckoo; I wandered lonely as a Cloud; My Heart Leaps Up; Intimations of Immortality; Lines Composed a Few Miles Above Tintern Abby; The Solitary Reaper. （识记，次重点）Chapter 3 Coleridge and SoutheyI. Samuel Taylor Coleridge (1772-1834) Poems: The Rime of The Ancient Mariner; Kubla Khan（识记，重点）II. Robert Southey (1774-1843) : one of the Lakers. （识记，一般）Chapter 4 George Gordon Byron (1788-1824) 1. Childe Harold Pilgrimage( written in Spenserian stanza a 9-line stanza rhy