电子商务物流Ch8ClassroomTest.doc

广东商学院试题参考答案及评分标准2010-2011学年第 2 学期 2011年5月17日课程名称电子商务物流（Classroom Test VIII） 课程代码113052-11017 课程负责人 李曼 -I. Multiple Choice (5 each)D1. The most important consideration for industrial packaging designed for efficient logistical processing is .A. informatization and standardization B. integration and standardization C. unitization and automation D. unitization and standardizationTips:工业/物流包装（industrial packaging）在高效物流运作中最重要的考虑就是成组化（unitization/containerization）和标准化(standardization)。（参见教材P269-270）C 2. Lift trucks, walkie-rider pallet trucks, and two-wheeled hand trucks are some equipments most commonly used in materials handling systems.A. automated B. information-directed C. mechanized D. semi-automatedTips:机械化物料搬运系统主要采用人力和机械化设备实现搬运。叉车（lift trucks）、步行堆垛机（walkie-rider pallet trucks）、两轮手推车（two-wheeled hand trucks）等都是一些常用的机械设备。（参见教材P243）D 3. Automated guided vehicles, robotics, live racks are some technologies employed in materials handling systems.A. automated B. information-directed C. mechanized D. semi-automatedTips:自动导航车、机器人、活动货架都是属于半自动化物料搬运系统。（参见教材P279）B4. belongs to automated materials handling systems.A. Automated guided vehicles B. Automated storage and retrieval system C. Live racks D. RoboticsTips: Automated storage and retrieval system（自动化存取系统，又称为自动化立体仓库）属于自动化物料搬运系统，其他都属于半自动化系统。（参见教材P281）A5. Order selection is one of the major handling activities within distribution centers.A. in-storage B. receiving C. shipping D. transferTips:货物拣选（order selection）是配送中心的内部存储环节作业（in-storage）之一。（参见教材P254，280）II. Multiple Answer (5 each)ABCE1. The industrial packaging has some purposes such as .A. barrier protection B. convenience C. handling efficiency D. purchase encouragement E. securityTips:人们通常根据包装的不同用途把包装分为物流包装 (industrial packaging, 也称为工业包装或运输包装)和消费者包装（consumer packaging, 也称销售包装）两大基本类别。物流包装专注于提高物流运作效率(handling efficiency)，主要考虑通过包装保护货物不受各种外力如震动、碰撞、刺破、压力（vibration, impact, puncture, compression）等的损坏（physical protection），阻挡氧气、水蒸气、灰尘、光线、细菌等侵害货物（barrier protection），方便货物的搬运、存储或运输（convenience），降低货物在搬运或运输中的安全风险（security，如防偷盗、防伪。Packages may include authentication seals and use security printing to help indicate that the package and contents are not counterfeit.）等；消费者包装专注于市场营销目标，主要考虑消费者的视觉要求及营销理念，力求通过美观精巧的包装来展示产品的形象，提高企业的品牌知名度。(参见教材P270)ABCDE2. is one of the principles of materials handling.A. Standardization principle B. Movement continuity principle C. Gravity principle D. Equipment utilization principle E. Simplification principleTips:进行物料工具、技术和过程的选择时需要遵循一些基本的原则以实现搬运合理化作业，一些获得普遍认可的原则如教材P276列举了6种：Standardization Principle: Standardize handling methods and equipment wherever possible. (标准化原则) Movement continuity Principle: It is better for an employee using handling equipment to perform longer moves than to undertake a number of short handlings to accomplish the same overall inventory move. (连续性原则) Equipment Utilization Principle: Make effective utilization of handling equipment. (有效利用原则)Gravity Principle: Utilize gravity to move material wherever possible, while respecting limitations concerning safety, product damage and loss. (利用重力原则) Simplification Principle: Simplify handling by eliminating, reducing, or combining unnecessary movements and/or equipment. (简化原则) Dead Weight minimization Principle: Reduce ratio of dead weight of mobile handling equipment to load carried. (自重最小化原则) 其他原则如：Safety Principle (Provide safe material handling equipment and methods which follow existing safety codes and regulations in addition to accrued experience.) Unit Load Principle (Handle product in as large a unit load as practical.) Ergonomic Principle (Recognize human capabilities and limitations by designing material handling equipment and procedures for effective interaction with the people using the system.) Ecology Principle (Minimize adverse effects on the environment when selecting material handling equipment and procedures.)Mechanization Principle (Mechanize the handling process where feasible to increase efficiency and economy in the handling of materials.) Flexibility Principle (Use methods and equipment which can perform a variety of tasks under a variety of operating conditions.) Computerization Principle (Consider computerization in material handling and storage systems, when circumstances warrant, for improved material and information control.) Layout Principle (Prepare an operational sequence and equipment layout for all viable system solutions, then select the alternative system which best integrates efficiency and effectiveness.) Cost Principle (Compare the economic justification of alternate solutions in equipment and methods on the basis of economic effectiveness as measured by expense per unit handled.)ABDE3. With technology and equipment applied, materials handling systems include systems.A. automated B. information-directed C. manual D. mechanized E. semi-automatedTips:采用了技术和设备的物料搬运系统从低级到高级可分为机械化（mechanized）、半自动化（semi-automated）、自动化（automated）和信息导向（information-directed）系统四类。不采用任何技术和设备的纯人工系统（manual）在现代物流中已很少见，但未消失。(参见教材PP.276-284)ACDE4. Automated Storage and Retrieval Systems (AS/RS) are typically used in applications where .A. accuracy is critical because of potential expensive damages to the load B. there is high-value products storageC. no value adding content is present in this process D. storage density is important because of space constraintsE. there is a very high volume of loads being moved into and out of storageTips:自动立体仓库作业速度快、操作准确率高、空间利用率高，但需要大量的投资灵活性却很低，因此适用于对搬运准确率要求高、对空间利用率要求高、大规模存取、标准化操作（无特殊要求搬运活动）的情况。（参见PP281-283）ACDE5. Automated Storage and Retrieval System (AS/RS) is primarily made up of .A. control system B. human labor C. input/output system D. storage racks E. storage and retrieval equipment Tips:自动立体仓库一般由高层货架（storage racks）、存取设备（storage and retrieval equipment，如巷道式堆垛机Aisle-Stack）、出入库输送设备（input/output system）和控制管理设备（control system）。（参见教材P281-282）II. True or False (5 each)F1. Warehousing, materials handling, and packaging are an integral part of a logistics operating solution and have the independent status.Tips:仓储、物料搬运和包装是物流运作解决方案中不可分割的重要组成部分，但这些职能不像订单处理、库存和运输那样具有独立性。（见教材P29）T 2. According to the principle that when in motion the system should be designed to provide maximum continuous product flow, longer warehouse handling movement are preferred.Tips:在搬运过程中，应尽量实现作业流程在时间和空间上的连续性。（见教材P254&276）F3. Organization must design package as a perfect cube having equal length, depth, and width while achieving maximum possible density for material handling and transportation.Tips:等长、等宽、等高且充分利用了每一分空间的完美立体包装设计是适合搬运和运输的理想包装设计，但这样的包装在现实中很少存在。（见教材P274）F4. A satisfactory packaging solution involves absolute protection.Tips:在物流系统中，包装必须考虑对货物的必要保护，防止货物在搬运、储存或运输过程中发生货损货差。商品保护程度的高低，涉及到包装是否满足了商品要求以及包装材料是否适合。对于多数商品来说，用于商品保护功能所花费的成本相当高。因此，令人满意的包装不是要实现对物品的绝对保护，而是实现在允许范围内的保护就可以了。一般来说，包装的保护成本决定于商品的价值和易碎性：商品价值越高，这一成本越高；如果商品既易碎又有高价值，那么这一成本就非常高了。（见教材P272）T5. Cube and weight minimization represent a special challenge for e-commerce operations.Tips:体积和重量最小化是电子商务运作中面临的一大挑战。（见教材P272）F6. Compared to pallets, slipsheets have more weight and bigger cube, but are less costly.Tips:托盘（pallet）一般由硬木板（hardwood）、硬纸板（cardboard）或塑料（plastic）制成的配合叉车使用的具有支架结构的载体，需要考虑静载载荷 （Static capacity，指托盘放在水平且刚性的平面上，货物均匀平铺在托盘上，托盘所能承受的最大载荷重量。）、动载载荷 （Dynamic capacity，是指在使用叉车等搬运设备时，托盘在动态作业中，托盘上货物平铺均匀摆放，所能承受的最大载荷重量。）、上架载荷 （racked capacity，指托盘在横梁货架上或其他类似的料架上跨梁架空时，托盘上货物平铺均匀摆放，所能承受的最大载荷重量。）；而滑托板（slipsheet）则是由薄木板、塑料，甚至是牛皮纸制成的平铺在地上的载体，没有像托盘一样的支架结构，因此，托盘一般比滑托板更重、更厚、体积更大，成本也比较高。(参见教材P274)F7. AS/RS（automated storage and retrieval system）needs high capital investment and has high degree of flexibili