法律英语翻译.doc

法律英语翻译法律英语翻译技巧（二）法学语言与法学语言翻译w 例1：The law holds that the individual is responsible for his acts. The law also indicates what is good and right, and what may and should be done. It also indicates what is evil and wrong, and should not and may not be done. The law further holds that what is evil and wrong is a crime and may not be done, and if done, renders the doer liable to punishment. The law also recognizes the principle that man has free will and that, with certain exceptions, he exercises free will in commission of any crime that he may commit.w 译文1：法律认为公民应对自己的行为负责。法律还规定什么是美好的和正确的，规范了哪些事是允许做或应该做的。同样，法律规范了什么是邪恶的和错误的。法律还进一步明确规定哪些邪恶的错误的事是不能做的犯罪行为看，如果某人做了这样的事，那么该行为就要受到惩罚。同样，法律还承认这样一个原则，每个公民除犯罪自由外都具有自由意志，如果某人在各种违法活动中实施其自由意志，那么他就可能触犯法律。w 译文2：法律规定人人应对自己的行为承担责任，分清善良和正义，规范了人们的行为准则；法律还认为，作孽枉法即是犯罪，法不可恕，谁要以身试法，必将受到严惩。法律所主张的原则是：人人享有自由意志的权利；同时也认为，除特殊情况外，人们的自由往往表现在因泛滥自由意志而受到惩罚的行为上。法律英语翻译技巧（四）翻译语言的流畅自然w 汉语原文：正义是法律的内在根据和法上之法，正义也是弥久常新的人类精神现象，当今世界，人与自然、生态、环境的冲突已危机四伏，必得有全新的法律制度和观念形态为之救济，而正义理念具体有分构的正义、分配的正义、交易的正义、合作有效的正义，它们只能满足人域内部的秩序和公正需求；新兴的正义理念将缔造“人际”间的公平、合理，其核心是“合”，它包括摄取的正义、多样性与复杂性的正义、同构守衡的正义、互养循环的正义。法律的进化取决于正义精神的进化，故弘扬一种人在于自在共享的正义理念，将是这个世界的福祉。 w Justice is the intrinsic foundation as well as the soul of law. And justice is also a kind of mental phenomenon immortally existing with the human world. The world today is severely beset with the conflicts between human being and the nature, ecology as well as environment and, should be remedied through thoroughly reformed legal institutions and ideological forms. The idea of justice is substantially divided into justice of isomerization, justice of allocation, justice of exchange and justice of effectiveness in cooperation, which, nevertheless, can only mete out the demand of the order and justice in the human world itself as a whole. w The newly established idea of justice will create fairness and rationality in the “interpersonal relationship” whose kernel will signify “harmoniousness,” including what the genuine justice it attains-justice of variety and complexity and justice of conservation of isostructuralism as well as justice of syntrophic circulation. The evolution of law hinges on the evolution of idea of justice. Accordingly, the very world we are residing in will bestowed more happiness by propagating the idea of justice that both restraint and non-restraint co-exist.w In favor of a person dealing with a company in good faith, any transaction decided on by the directions shall be deemed to be one which it is within the capacity of the company to enter into, and the power of the directions to bind the company shall be deemed to be free of any limitation under the memorandum or articles of association; and a party to a transaction so decided on shall not be bound to enquire as to the capacity of the company to enter into it or as to any such limitation on the powers of the directors, and shall be presumed to have acted in good faith unless the contrary is proved.w 为了鼓励真诚地与公司打交道，凡经董事会决定的具体业务均视为在公司权限内从事的一种具体业务，而董事会根据公司备忘录或公司章程约束该公司的权利应当是不受任何限制的；参与经董事会决定的具体业务的另一方，在法律上并没有义务查询该公司的业务的能力，也没有义务查询对该公司董事会所规定的权限；如果参与具体业务的另一方经证实没有恶意，那么，从法律上就应当推定他是带着诚意参与业务的。法律英语翻译（六）主观感情形容词或副词的限制使用问题w 犯罪分子违法所得的一切财物，应当予以追缴或责令退赔；对被害人的合法财产，应当及时返还；违禁品和供犯罪所用的本人财物，应当予以没收。没收的财物和罚金，一律上缴国库，不得挪用和自行处理 w All money and property illegally obtained by a criminal shall be recovered, or compensation shall be ordered; the lawful property of the victim shall be returned without delay; and contrabands and possessions of the criminal that are used in the commission of the crime shall be confiscated. All the confiscated money and property and fines shall be turned over to the State Treasury, and no one may misappropriate or privately dispose of them.w 以暴力或其他方法公然侮辱他人或捏造事实诽谤他人，情节严重的，处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或剥夺政治权利。w Whoever, by violence or other methods, publicly humiliates another person or invent stories to defame him, if the circumstances are serious, shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years, criminal detention, public surveillance or deprivation of political rights. 法律英语翻译技巧（十）法律术语翻译注意事项 w 1. “法人法话”w overlapping of laws w 2. 准确 w due care and diligence w 3. 切忌望文生义 w construction of law w cold-blooded murderw infamous crime w 4. 注意法律文化和习俗的差异 w bilateral contract w Discovery w 5. 同义词的区分w decision w judgement w sentence w Ruling 法律英语翻译技巧(十三)：直译和意译的关系w Crown counsel 法律英语翻译技巧（十四）同义近义法律术语的用法和翻译w Sentencew Judgementw Discoveryw Disclosurew pleading, complaint, petition, clause, application, indictment, information, presentment, bill, statement of claim, particulars of claim 和libel 法律英语翻译技巧（十五）w (a)表示义务性规范的语言 w It is the duty of, have the duty of, shall, must w 中华人民共和国公民有依照法律纳税的义务 w It is the duty of citizens of the Peoples Republic of China to pay taxes in accordance with the law. w All foreign enterprises, other foreign organizations as well as Chinese-foreign joint venture companies within Chinese territory shall abide by the law of the Peoples Republic of China.w 在中国境内的外国企业和其他外国经济组织以及中外合资的企业，都必须遵守中华人民共和国的法律。 w (b)表示禁止性规范的语言表示方法 w Prohibit,shall not, may not, must not, not allowed w 禁止对任何民族的歧视和压迫，禁止破坏民族团结和制造民族分裂的行为 w Discrimination against and oppression of any nationality are prohibited; any act which undermines the unity or instigates division between or among any nationality is prohibited. w (3)表示授权性规范的语言 w have the right to, enjoy the rights of, be entitled to., may w 中华人民共和国公民有受教育的权利和义务 w Citizens of the Peoples Republic of China have the duty as well as the right to receive education.w Citizens who make discoveries shall be entitled to the rights of discovery. w 公民对自己的发现享有发现权。 w