on objective-based codes - national model construction code 基于代码的国家示范建设代码的目的

,CODE DEVELOPMENT SYSTEM &OBJECTIVE-BASED CODES,National Research Council Canada,Conseil nationalde recherches Canada,Canada,Next Generation of Codes,Move Towards Objective-Based Codes,New Code Development Process,Current Code Documents,2005,Next Generation of Codes,Move Towards Objective-Based Codes,New Code Development Process,Current Code Documents,2005,National Code Documents,National Building CodeNational Fire CodeNational Plumbing CodeNational Farm Building Code,Model National Energy Code for Buildings Model National Energy Code for Houses National Housing Code 1998 and Illustrated Guide,Code Development System,British North America Act / Constitution Act,building regulation is a provincial /territorial responsibility,Code Development System,Historical Background,1937no national model codesno provincial codesmultiplicity of municipal codesFederal Dep. of Finance NRCWe need a model code to encourage greater uniformity.,Code Development System,1941,National Building Code,Code Development System,ASSOCIATE COMMITTEE ONTHE NATIONAL BUILDING CODE,CANADIAN COMMISSION ON BUILDING AND FIRE CODES,ASSOCIATE COMMITTEE ONTHE NATIONAL FIRE CODE,Code Development System,Canadian Commission on Building and Fire Codes,Standing Committees,(e.g. Standing Committee on Houses),Task Groups(e.g. Task Group on Stairs),CCBFC,SC,SC,SC,SC,TG,TG,Code Development System,300 MEMBERS in 10 to 20 COMMITTEES,Code Development System,Public Review,twice during each 5 year cycleforums across the countryevery single comment is considered1995 Edition 15000 change packages issued 4000 comments by 900 commentors,Code Development System,Provincial/Territorial Responsibilities,enact building and fire regulationsinspect and enforce the Codeprovide legal interpretationinitiate training programslicense trades and professionsprovide policy guidance,Code Development System,Canadian Codes Centre,Code Developmentevaluate proposed changesconduct studies for committeesprovide administrative supportassist in application of Code(s)coordinate with IRC and other researchersProduction and Marketing,Code Development System,Good Points,broad consensusstrong technical supporttechnically driven isolated from non-technical pressures,Code Development System,Whats missing?,only technically driven isolated from policy issuesprovinces and territories are not adequately engagedmany code users in provinces with own codes dont participate in national process,Code Development System,One Goal of Strategic Plan,“Address provincial/territorial concerns in national model codes so well that they will not feel the need to make changes”,Code Development System,New Code Development and Maintenance System,Endorsed by provincial/territorial deputy ministers and the CCBFC in February 2000,New Code Development System,Key Added Elements,Concept of Core CodesNational codes will only cover those issues that all P/Ts agree should be coveredP/Ts will cover other issues separately,New Code Development System,Key Added Elements (contd),New Code Development System,Provincial/Territorial Policy Advisory Committee on Codes (PTPACC),created by deputy ministersprovides policy guidance to the CCBFChas three Sub-Committees:Fire RegulationBuilding RegulationPlumbing Regulation,Key Added Elements (contd),Coordinated public consultationsengage code users in all provinces and territories in the national process and consult them only once,New Code Development System,Key Added Elements (contd),P/Ts can participate in current and planned code development activities at all stagesno surprisesP/T issues resolved by CCBFC before standing committees actno dead end activities,New Code Development System,Key Added Elements (contd),Attempt to resolve existing technical differencesnext cycleShare costs of national system in an equitable wayrevenue from code sales is important,New Code Development System,Benefits of the New System,greater uniformityfaster adoption,New Code Development System,Benefits of Greater Uniformity,consistent levels of Health & Safetyeffective, technically progressive codesreduction in design & verification costs efficiencies in the regulatory system,New Code Development System,Benefits of Greater Uniformity,efficiencies in industryinternational credibility for Canadian technologiesfacilitate harmonization with international codesmobility of code users,New Code Development System,Next Generation of Codes,Move Towards Objective-Based Codes,New Code Development Process,Current Code Documents,2005,Objective-Based Codes,Why Objective-Based Codes?What are they?How do they work?When will they come into effect?What are the benefits?Summary,Objective-Based Codes,Objective-Based Codes,Why Objective-Based Codes?What are they?How do they work?When will they come into effect?What are the benefits?Summary,Objective-Based Codes,The Starting Point,As part of 1995 CCBFC Strategic Plan development, 1994 Survey of Code Users said codes should have clearer scopehave clearer intents more accommodating to innovationbe easier to apply to renovation,Objective-Based Codes,Current Codes,Prescriptive (e.g. swing type door in fire separation must have latch)Performance (e.g. exit stair will not contain more than1% by vol. of contaminated air),Current Canadian codes are mix of prescriptive and performance requirements,Objective-Based Codes,International Trend,Many countries are moving towardsPerformance CodesBut the trend is to write qualitative, not true (quantitative) performance codes,Objective-Based Codes,Two Options for CCBFC,“True” Performance Codewould require decades of research to set performance levels for all aspects of building performance currently dealt with in the codes Objective-Based Code uses current code requirements but gives user more info to interpret codeevaluate equivalents,Objective-Based Codes,Objective-Based Codes,Why Objective-Based Codes?What are they?How do they work?When will they come into effect?What are the benefits?Summary,Objective-Based Codes,Whats New in Objective-Based Codes ?,Each provision is linked to additional information, such as:overall objectives (e.g. Health, Safety, Accessibility.)more detailed sub-objectives (e.g. Indoor Conditions inadequate indoor air quality)functional statements a specific intent (or reason)an application statement,Objective-Based Codes,Whats new? Objectives,Each provision is linked to at least one Objective, which describes the overall goals that code provisions serve to fulfillis very broad,Objective-Based Codes,Whats new? NBC Objectives,SAFETYFire SafetyStructural SafetySafety in UseResistance to Unwanted EntrySafety at Construction and Demolition Sites,FIRE & STRUCTURAL PROTECTION OF BUILDINGSFire Protection of the Building Structural Sufficiency of the Building Protection of Adjacent Buildings from Fire Protection of Adjacent Buildings from Structural Damage,HEALTHIndoor ConditionsSanitationNoise ProtectionVibration or Deflection LimitationHazardous Substances Containment,ACCESSIBILITYBarrier-Free Path of TravelBarrier-Free Facilities,Objective-Based Codes,Whats new? NFC Objectives,SAFETYFire SafetySafety in Use,FIRE PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS AND FACILITIESFire Protection of the Building or FacilityProtection of Adjacent Buildings or Facilities from Fire,HEALTHHazardous Substances Containment,Objective-Based Codes,Whats new? NPC Objectives,SAFETYSafety in Use Fire SafetyStructural Safety,PROTECTION OF THE BUILDING OR FACILITY FROM WATER AND SEWAGE DAMAGE,HEALTHIndoor ConditionsSanitationHazardous Substances Containment,Objective-Based Codes,Three Levels of Objectives,OH HealthAn objective of this Code is to limit the probability that, as a result of the design or construction of the building, a person will be exposed to an unacceptable risk of illness.OH1 Indoor ConditionsAn objective of this Code is to limit the probability that, as a result of the design or construction of the building, a person in the building will be exposed to an unacceptable risk of illness due to indoor conditions. The risks of illness due to indoor conditions addressed in this Code are those caused byOH1.1 - inadequate indoor air qualityOH1.2 - inadequate thermal comfortOH1.3 - contact with moistureOH2 SanitationAn objective of this Code is to . . .,Whats new? Functional Statements,Each provision is linked to one or more functional statements, which:describe the conditions to be achieved in more detail than objectives doare qualitative,Objective-Based Codes,Objective-Based Codes,NFC Division A Part 3 Functional Statements Functional StatementsThe objectives of this Code are achieved by measures, such as those described in the acceptable solutions, intended to allow the building to perform the following functions:,F01 To minimize the risk of accidental ignition.F02 To limit the severity and effects of fire or explosions.F03 To retard the effects of fire on areas beyond its point of origin. . .,Functional Statements,Objective-Based Codes,F01 To minimize the risk of accidental ignition.F02 To limit the severity and effects of fire or explosions.F03 To retard the effects of fire on areas beyond its point of origin. . .,Objectives vs Functional Statements,OS1Fire Safety An objective of this Code is to limit the probability that, as a result of a) activities related to the construction, use or demolition of the building or facility,b) the condition of specific elements of the building or facility,c) the design and construction of specific elements of the facility related to certain hazards, ord) inadequate built-in protection measures for the current or intended use of the building,a person in or adjacent to the building or facility will be exposed to an unacceptable risk of injury due to fire. The risks of injury due to fire addressed in this Code are those caused by -,OS1.1fire or explosion occurringOS1.2fire or explosion impacting areas beyond its point of origin. . .,Whats new? Intents,Each provision has at least one intent statement (one per objective), whichexplains the thinking behind specific code requirements in plain languagehelps code users apply the code, assess equivalents/alternative solutionswill only be published electronically,Objective-Based Codes,2) Interior and exterior walking surfaces that are within a barrier-free path of travel shall a) have no opening that will permit the passage of a sphere more than 13 mm diam, b) have any elongated openings oriented approximately perpendicular to the direction of travel .,Intent Example from the database,NBC .(2),Intent,To reduce the probability that a wheelchair or other mobility assistance device used by a person will be trapped in a walking surface, which could lead to loss of balance of the person, which could lead to harm to the person or persons nearby.,Objective-Based Codes,Whats new? Application,Objective-Based Codes,Each provision has an application statement, whichdescribes the situations to which the code provision applies and does not applywill only be published electronically,A1. Openings in interior and exterior walking surfaces that are within a barrier-free path of travel, as stated in Sentences .(1) and (2), .(1), .(1) and (2), and .(1), and Article .This applies to buildings described in Sentence .(1).Exception: except as stated in Sentence .(1), which applies to:A. houses, including semi-detached houses, duplexes, triplexes, town houses, row houses, and boarding houses,B. buildings of Group F, Division 1 major occupancy, andC. buildings that are not intended to be occupied on a daily or full time basis, including automatic telephone exchanges, pumphouses and substations.,Application Example,NBC .(2),Application,Objective-Based Codes,Application Example (contd),A2. Also applies to to which Part 9 applies see Sentence .(1), as stated in Sentence .(1). Exception: except as stated in Article ., which applies to apartment .,Objective-Based Codes,NBC .(2),Application,Objective-Based Codes,Why Objective-Based Codes?What are they?How do they work?When will they come into effect?What are the benefits?Summary,Objective-Based Codes,Structure of New Codes,Division A - Compliance, Objectives and Functional Statementspolicy level, suitable for adoption by legislative authoritieswill change infrequentlyDivision B - Acceptable Solutions working levelwill be updated regularlyDivision C - Administrative Provisions,Objective-Based Codes,Division A Compliance, Objectives and Functional Statements,Table of ContentsPart 1. Compliance Part 2. Objectives Part 3. Functional Statements,Objective-Based Codes,Division B Acceptable Solutions,Table of ContentsPart 1. General Part 2. reserved for future usePart 3. Fire Protection, Occupant Safety and AccessibilityPart 4. Structural DesignPart 5. Environmental SeparationPart 6. Heating, Ventilating and Air ConditioningPart 7. Plumbing ServicesPart 8. Safety Measures at Construction & Demolition SitesPart 9. Housing and Small Buildings,Objective-Based Codes,Format,Division BAcceptable Solutions Part 9 Houses and Small Buildings9.9. Means of Egress9.9.2.General. Egress from Roof Areas, Podiums, Terraces, Platforms and Contained Open Spaces,F10,Objective-Based Codes,1)An access to exit shall be provided from every roof intended for occupancy and from every podium, terrace, platform or contained open space.2)Where a roof is intended for an occupant load of more than 60 persons, at least 2 separate means of egress .etc.,F10,Format,Objective-Based Codes,Format,Division BAcceptable Solutions Part 9 Houses and Small Buildings9.9. Means of Egress9.9.2.General. Egress from Roof Areas, Podiums, Terraces, Platforms and Contained Open Spaces,F10,Objective-Based Codes,1)An access to exit shall be provided from every roof intended for occupancy and from every podium, terrace, platform or contained open space.2)Where a roof is intended for an occupant load of more than 60 persons, at least 2 separate means of egress .etc.,F10,Example,A designer proposes to use a preserved wood foundation for a fuel storage tank.,Objective-Based Codes,Acceptable Solutions,National Fire CodeDivision B Acceptable SolutionsPart 4 Flammable and Combustible Liquids. . . .Foundations and Supports1)Storage tanks shall rest on the ground or on foundations, supports or piling made of concrete, masonry or steel in conformance with a)Appendix B of API 650, “Welded Steel Tanks for Oil Storage” andb)Appendices C and D of API 620, “Design and Construction of Large, Welded, Low-Pressure Storage Tanks.”,F02,F20,F20,Objective-Based Codes,Objective-Based Codes,NFC Division A Part 3 Functional Statements Functional StatementsThe objectives of this Code are achieved by measures, such as those described in the acceptable solutions, intended to allow the building to perform the following functions:,. . .F02 To limit the severity and effects of fire or explosions. . .,Functional Statements,Objectives,National Fire Code Division A . Objectives 1) The objectives of this Code are as follows: Safety. . .,Objective-Based Codes,OS1 Fire SafetyAn objective of this Code is to limit the probability that a person in or adjacent to a building or facility will be exposed to an unacceptable risk of injury due to fire. The risks of injury due to fire addressed in this Code are those caused by. . .OS1.2fire or explosion impacting areas beyond its point of origin. . .,Intents,. (1) Storage tanks shall rest on the ground or on foundations, supports or piling made of concrete, masonry or steel . . .Intent for this portion of .(1)To limit the probability that combustible supports will contribute to a fire under the tank, which could lead to failure of the tank from exposure to the fire, which could lead to fire growth and spread of fire, which could lead to harm to persons.,Objective-Based Codes,Compliance,National Fire CodeDivision APart 1Compliance..Compliance with the Code1)Compliance with this Code shall be achieved by a) complying with the applicable acceptable solutions in Division B, orb) using alternatives solutions that will achieve at least the minimum level of performance required by Division B in the areas defined by the objectives and functional statements attributed to the applicable acceptable solutions.,Objective-Based Codes,Acceptance of Alternative Solutions,Local/regional alternative solutions may be authorized by the authorities having jurisdiction Generic alternative solutions may beadded to Codes (Acceptable Solutions) via standing committee routeNational repository of alternative solutions may reduce the reinventing of wheelsNo change in current approach as perNBC 2.5. Equivalents,Objective-Based Codes,Objective-Based Codes,Why Objective-Based Codes?What are they?How do they work?When will they come into effect?What are the benefits?Summary,Objective-Based Codes,Workplan Status,Intent Analysis Review of intents by consultant complete Development of Format and Structure ongoing (