试探如何在高中数学课堂教学中提高学习效率.docx

摘要：在课堂教学中，教师应做到“以人为本”，创造性地开发数学教学资源，为学生提供丰富多彩的教学情境，激发学生的学习兴趣，鼓励学生积极参与课堂教学的每个环节，丰富学生的学习方式，引导学生自己发现问题、提出问题、解决问题，让学生真正“要学数学、会学数学、学会数学、学好数学、会用数学”。高中数学受传统教学模式的影响，一直以班级授课制的教学模式为主，这种教学是用一种模式面对所有学生，不容易照顾到每个学生，不利于学生个性和身心全面发展。关键词：高中数学;课堂教学高中数学课程标准要求：数学教育必须面向全体学生，极力倡导学生是数学学习的主体，教师在数学教学中起主导作用。而新教材为师生的发展提供了平台，教材不再是教育的目的和结果，而是作为可以利用的工具和手段。在新课程背景下，如何有效利用课堂教学时间激发学生的学习兴趣，提高学生的学习效率，成为摆在我们面前的一个课题。目前，高中数学课堂教学过程中，还没有真正激发学生学习数学的兴趣，没有充分地挖掘学生的数学潜能。因此，研究高中数学课堂有效教学策略就显得十分迫切与必要。现代教育的主体是学生，教师是组织者、引导者，因此课堂活动应树立民主平等的师生关系，要积极营造一种活泼生动的课堂氛围，促进学生主动进入最佳的学习状态。要有意识地进行合作教学，使教师、学生的角色处于随时互换的动态变化中。通过设计集体讨论、查缺互补、分组操作等内容，锻炼学生的合作能力、聪明才智和创造想象的能力。高中生无论从生理、心理来说，都比初中生成熟。因此，自制力较强，学习相对主动。如何尽可能地提高学生在课堂45分钟的学习效率，要教好高中数学，首先要求自己对高中数学知识有整体的认识和把握;其次要了解学生的认知结构;再次要处理好课堂教学中教师的教和学生的学的关系。课堂教学是学生在校期间学习文化科学知识的主阵地。课堂教学不但要加强双基而且要提高智力;不但要发展学生的智力，而且要发展学生的创造力;不但要让学生学会，而且要让学生会学，尽量在有限的时间里，出色地完成教学任务。 以下谈一谈自己的一些看法：1、有明确的教学目标现代教育理论认为，教学目标是预期的学生学习结果或是学习活动要达到的标准。教学目标以学生为中心，以学生的身心变化为目标，这些变化是以直接可观察的行为指标为依据的。因此，教学目标就是学生的学习目标。我们可以理解为：它表述的是学生的学习结果，而不是说明教师将要做什么;其表述应力求明确具体，可以观察和测量，避免用含糊不清或不切实际的语言。教学目标分为三大领域，即认知领域、情感领域和动作技能领域。因此，在备课时要围绕这些目标选择教学的策略、方法和媒体，进行必要的内容重组。在数学教学中，要通过师生的共同努力，使学生在知识、能力、技能、心理、思想品德等方面达到预定的目标，以提高学生的综合素质。教学目标是课堂教学的方向。数学教师在教学的全过程中，由备课开始，自始自终都必须明确所预期的学生学习结果，或者说学生通过学习应达到的程度。高中数学课堂教学目标的基本功能就是定向，指明教学活动的方向。高中生处于思维活动的成熟时期，并开始向辩证思维过渡，对高中生来说， 设计的教学目标既要符合学生思维的水平，又要有适当的难度，严格控制数学讲授的深度和进度，使大部分学生能够消化接受，使学生在知识、能力、技能、心理、思想品德等方面达到预定的目标，以提高学生的综合素质。2、能突出重点、化解难点每一堂课都要有一个重点，而整堂的教学都是围绕着这个重点来逐步展开的。为了让学生明确本堂课的重点、难点，教师在上课开始时，可以在黑板的一角将这些内容简短地写出来，以便引起学生的重视。讲授重点内容，是整堂课的教学高潮。教师要通过声音、手势、板书等的变化或应用模型、投影仪等直观教具，刺激学生的大脑，使学生能够兴奋起来，对所学内容在大脑中刻下强烈的印象，激发学生的学习兴趣，提高学生对新知识的接受能力。如第八章的椭圆第一课时，其教学的重点是掌握椭圆的定义和标准方程，难点是椭圆方程的化简。教师可从太阳、地球、人造地球卫星的运行轨道，谈到圆的直观图、圆萝卜的切片、阳光下圆盘在地面上的影子等等，让学生对椭圆有一个直观的了解。为了强调椭圆的定义，教师事先准备好一根细线及两根钉子，在给出椭圆在数学上的严格定义之前，教师先在黑板上取两个定点(两定点之间的距离小于细线的长度)，再让两名学生按教师的要求在黑板上画一个椭圆。画好后，教师再在黑板上取两个定点(两定点之间的距离大于细线的长度)，然后再请刚才两名学生按同样的要求作图。学生通过观察两次作图的过程，总结出经验和教训，教师因势利导，让学生自己得出椭圆的严格的定义。这样，学生对这一定义就会有深刻的了解了。3、要善于应用现代化教学手段在新课标和新教材的背景下，教师掌握现代化的多媒体教学手段显得尤为重要和迫切。计算机提供了一种动态的画图的手段，像正弦曲线、余弦曲线的图形、定积分概念的形成过程都可以用计算机来演示。它还提供了许多有效的途径去表达数学思想。使用计算机和科学计算器，学生能够解决日常生活中有关的现实问题，同时激发他们对数学产生持久的兴趣，并且让学生有更多的时间去发展对数学过程的理解和推理能力，从而提高了学生解决问题的能力，进而提高了教学效益。高中数学中的概念、定理很多，而这些内容往往又很抽象，学生学起来很枯燥，难以接受。运用现代化的教学手段，就能把这些抽象的概念形象化，便于学生理解这些概念、定理。如通过投影，可以将物体点、线、面之间的关系表现得生动形象，从而有助于学生空间想象能力的发展。在进行点、线、面投影规律的教学中，首先引导学生认真仔细地观察分析几何元素在三面投影中的位置和三维几何元素与二维投影图之间的对应关系，然后再观察当几何元素的空间位置改变时，投影图上的对应投影又是如何变化的，从而可以更好地帮助其掌握点、线、面的投影规律，记忆相关知识，提高学习效率，增强学习效果。再如，在讲到三垂线定理时，教师可以制作一组幻灯片，以立方体为模型，使之从不同方位转动，得到不同位置的垂线，学生可以从中获得感性认识，加深对定理中各种情况的理解，增强对该定理的运用能力，从而提高学习效率。Abstract: in the classroom teaching, teachers should achieve people-oriented, creatively develop mathematics teaching resources, provide students with rich and colorful teaching situation, stimulate students interest in learning, encourage students to actively participate in classroom teaching of each link, the rich students study way, guide students to find the problem by themselves, ask questions, solve problems, make students truly to learn mathematics, will learn mathematics, to learn mathematics and learn mathematics, use mathematics. High school math to the influence of the traditional teaching mode, has been given priority to with class teaching system of teaching mode, this kind of teaching is to use a pattern in the face of all the students, it is not easy to take care of every student, is not conducive to students personality and all-round development of body and mind.Key words: high school mathematics; The classroom teachingThe high school mathematics curriculum standard requirement: mathematics education must be geared to the needs of all students, promotes the student is the subject of mathematics learning, teachers play a leading role in mathematics teaching. Provides a platform for the development of teachers and students and new teaching material, teaching material is no longer the purpose of education and results, but as the means and ways which can take advantage of. Under the background of new curriculum, how to effectively use of classroom teaching time to stimulate students interest in learning, improve the students learning efficiency, become a topic in front of us.At present, the high school mathematics classroom teaching process, havent really stimulate students interest in learning mathematics, not fully excavate students potential in mathematics. Therefore, research on high school mathematics classroom effective teaching strategy becomes very urgent and necessary. The main body of modern education is students, the teacher are the organizer, the guide, so class activities should establish a democratic equal relationship between teachers and students, should actively build a lively classroom atmosphere, promote the students initiative to enter the best state of learning. Cooperation should be consciously in teaching, making the role of teachers and students in the dynamic changes of the swap at any time. Through the design group discussion, the lack of complementary, grouping operation, such as content, exercise the students ability to cooperate, intelligence and the ability of creative imagination.High school students both from the physical, psychological, mature than junior middle school students. Self-control is strong, therefore, relatively initiative learning. How to improve the learning efficiency of students in the classroom 45 minutes, to teach high school math, first ask yourself in high school mathematics knowledge have overall understanding and grasp; Second to understand students cognitive structure; Again to deal with the teachers teaching and students learning in classroom teaching. Classroom teaching is the students during the period of school learning culture the main position of scientific knowledge. Classroom teaching should not only strengthen the double-base and to improve intelligence; Not only should develop students intelligence, and to develop students creativity; Not only should let students learn, and to let the students learn, as far as possible in the limited time, complete the teaching task well. The following talk about some of his own views:1, there is a clear teaching goalThe modern education theory, teaching students learning goal is expected results or learning activities to achieve the standard. The teaching goal to students as the center, to aim at students body and mind change, these changes is based on directly observable behavior index. Therefore, the teaching goal is the students learning goals. We can understand for: expression of it is the students learning outcomes, rather than what they would do that teachers; Should make every effort to clear the specific presentation, can be observed and measured, avoid using vague language or impractical.The teaching goal is divided into three areas, namely, cognitive, emotional and motor skills. Therefore, when preparing to revolve around the target selection of teaching strategies, methods, and the media, the content of the necessary restructuring. In mathematics teaching, through the joint efforts of teachers and students, so that the students in the knowledge, ability, skills, psychological and ideological and moral aspects to the expected target, in order to improve the students comprehensive quality.The teaching goal is the direction of the classroom teaching. Mathematics teacher in the whole process of teaching, from preparation, must be clear all the expected students learning results, or students should reach by learning. The basic function of the high school mathematics classroom teaching goal is directional, pointed out the direction of teaching activities.High school students in thinking activity of the mature period, and start to make the transition to the dialectical thinking, for high school students, the teaching aim of design should not only meet the students thinking level, and the difficulty of the appropriate, strictly control the depth of the mathematics teaching and schedule, and make the most of the students can accept digestion, so that the students in the knowledge, ability, skills, psychological and ideological and moral aspects to the expected target, in order to improve the students comprehensive quality.2, can highlight key, resolve the difficultyEach class should have a key, and the whole church teaching is around the key to gradually. In order to make students clear the emphases and difficulties of the class, the teacher at the beginning of class, can be in the corner of the blackboard write these content briefly, in order to cause the attention of students. The important content of teaching, it is the whole class teaching climax. Teachers should through the change of voice, gestures and blackboard writing, or application model, projectors and other visual AIDS, stimulate the students brain,Enable students to get excited, content of engraving strong impression in the brain, stimulate students interest in learning, improve students ability to accept new knowledge. Such as chapter viii of the oval first class, the teaching is the focus of the master the definition and standard of elliptic equation, the difficulty is the reduction of elliptic equation. Teachers are available from the sun, the earth, the artificial earth satellite orbit, spoke of the pictorial diagram, round radish slices, round the sun disc in the shadow on the ground, etc., let the students have an intuitive knowledge of ellipse. To emphasize that the definition of the elliptical, the teacher in advance to prepare a thin line and two nail, before giving the strict definition of elliptic in mathematics, teachers to take two fixed on the blackboard (the distance between two points is less than the length of the string), let two students according to the requirements of the teachers on the blackboard draw an ellipse. After the draw, the teacher on the blackboard again take two fixed point (the distance between two points is greater than the length of the string), then please just two students drawing according to the requirement of the same. Students by observing the two drawing process, summed up the experiences and lessons, teachers improve the occasion, let the student draw ellipse strict definition. In this way, the student to a deeper understanding of this definition is.3, be good at applying modern teaching meansUnder the background of English curriculum and new teaching material, teachers master the modern multimedia teaching method is particularly important and urgent. Computer provides a means of dynamic drawing, like sine curve, cosine curve graphics, the formation process of the concept of definite integral can use the computer to demonstrate. It also provides many effective ways to express mathematics thought. Use a computer and a scientific calculator, students can solve realistic problems in the daily life related, at the same time stimulate their interest in math have a lasting, and let students have more time to develop the process of mathematical understanding and reasoning ability, and improve the students ability to solve problems, and improve the teaching efficiency. A lot in the high school mathematics concept, theorem, and the content often is very abstract, student learning is boring and hard to accept.The use of modern me