浅谈汽车ABS系统故障的断与排除.doc

this type of operation for the safety technology. Without education and training in safety knowledge, shall not enter the construction site operations. To enter the construction site, you must wear a helmet, buckle chinstrap. Work at two meters high and must be fastened. When working at height, are not allowed to throw down or up the materials and tools and other objects. Persons not engaged in electrical and mechanical, prohibited the use of mechanical and electrical equipment. Building materials and components to be tidy and secure, shall not exceed the relevant provisions. Hazardous areas should be clearly marked, protective measures should be taken at night to set up a red light warning. In the operation, should adhere to their jobs, drunken operation is strictly prohibited. Special operations personnel (electricians, welders, boiler operators, blasters, lifting grid and pile drivers and commanding, shelf workers, machines, motor vehicle drivers, and so on) must be operating permits from the relevant sector professional training examinations, independent operation, operation focus, not to leave. Construction site prohibited to wear slippers, heels, skirt, sliding and studded shoes and barefoot, shirtless, and so on. Construction site of the scaffold (prohibition of the use of bamboo and wood materials setting), protective equipment, safety signs, warning signs, scaffolding wall may be supplemented, removed and need to be removed must be reinforced by the contractors agree. Construction site of the four (openings, stairs, lift head, hole) and the five-limb (balcony, framing, roofing, run (oblique) road and unloading platforms), protective measures and clearly marked. Are not allowed to sit at the feet of . Nails should be promptly removed. Drywall cut bricks are cut, no outside chopping. Preventing broken tiles fall hurt. Tools must always be mounted after good tool bag. In the Derrick (gantry) travel; in the Derrick (gantry) increased security measures are not taken to the following cleaning mortar, concrete and other debris; hanging baskets for a long time is not allowed to stop the air; after work basket must be placed in the ground, and cut off the power and lock box. Scaffolding on the Frost, snow, mud, and building waste time cleaning. Both ends of the scaffold to fasten to prevent probe Panel. Danger of overloading the scaffold: laying per square foot scaffold distributed load shall not exceed 270KN, piled up on the scaffold standard bricks of single side three storeys high. Wall removal of dangerous scaffolding; Sat down to rest on the guard rail danger; Set, dismantling scaffolding, Derrick (gantry) high, edges, vacant jobs, such as not wearing a seat belt at risk. Upper part of the ladder to fasten, antiskid measures are required in the lower part. Upper part of the ladder to hang, and lower banding. Ladder to fasten in the Middle, lower to have a non-slip steps, are not allowed to sit on it, riding moves. Altitude: personnel engaged in the Spider-man,stavebn tm vdce mst een. een by mlo zahrnovat analzu rizik, monost nehod charakteristik a nouzovch postup, nouzov zpracovn a obsah opaten. 4, integrovan pohotovostn plny, speciln havarijn plny a mst een by mly bt mezi sebou a s ostatnmi jednotky zapojeny v nouzi, kter jsou vzjemn propojeny. 5, havarijn pln by ml zahrnovat havarijn personl a organizace kontakt, nouzov rezervn seznam a dal informace. Informace by mly bt pravideln aktualizovny a zajist, e informace jsou pesn a platn. tyi, havarijn pln revize 1, Recenze pohotovostn plny pezkoumn formul a prvky pezkumu a opaten pijatch dvma zpsoby. Kdy host slou pedevm pro havarijn plny pro zznam v podob Recenze, prvek hodnocen pro nouzov hodnocen. . Kd pro porn ochranu konstrukce budov a nsk republice ny exploze nebezpen oblasti elektrick bezpenostnch pedpis a pedpis o porn ochranu design rafinaci ropy a chemickch podnik, napklad poadavky na pedpisech a nazench. 2. pi provdn instalace me zpsobit por, exploze, kter sti by mly bt pln nastaven peht, petlaku, micch pstroj, alarm (zvuk a svtla). 3. kde je holav plyn (pra) me unikat , holav plyn koncentrac detekce, alarm by mla bt nastavena. 4. vechny komunikoval s holav, vbun zazen s inertnm plynem, plynov penosov potrub, by mla bt nastavena zabrnit holavch a vbunch ltek do zazen, ale nemla bt samostatn zptn ventil. 5. holav plyn (pra) nastavit plamen svodi odvzduovac vvod, snadno pracovat, kde se zastavit ventily, aby pi vstupn vtrac potrub je v plamenech, peruil por plynu odvzduovac potrub ml bt nainstalovn v nejni hasicho zazen. 6. kdy dopravu holavch materil by mla odpovdat prmru potrub a stedn mrn odpor, sprvn zen prtoku, co nejvce se vyhnout statick elektiny. Antistatick opaten, jako jsou zazen, potrub, by mlo bt v souladu s technickmi pedpisy pro uzemnn design pro chemick podniky pslunch ustanoven. 7. nhl vbun petlaku nebo rychlho rozkladu vrobnch zazen nebo skladovacch zazen by mly bt vybaveny vbuchu (nevbun membrna), vvoz nonel trubice smrem k bezpenosti a aby prevence sekundrnch exploz, protiporn opaten. 8. vrobnthe principle of simplified EIA of construction projects in the region. In terms of land, linked to the implementation of urban and rural construction land increase and decrease, replacement indicators for priority areas project. Charges, into the projects of water, electricity, administrative charges and preferential policies. In the area of taxation, and settled in areas of industry and its production company, within 5 years after the completion of fiscal incentives to enterprises. In terms of financing, integration of land, tax, financial and other resources, and construct Government credit + business credit credit system, establishment of marketization, commercialization and modernization of the investment and financing platform; effective Bank-enterprise docking, encourages private capital into the Park, to raise industry development fund. 5, optimize the environment and service industries. To create policy lowlands, Highlands, integrity of service land, development land as the goal, to optimize the area under development environment. All administrative law enforcement departments to appoint a full-time personnel stationed in areas dedicated to coordinating and solving problems associated with businesses in this sector. When there are substantial issues, sector leaders arranged to personally intervene, in-person, in-person push tangible area building a green light, easy line. To further reduce and standardize administrative examination and approval items, simplify examination and approval links, improve efficiency; according to the .Since the educational practice of the mass line of the party, himself seriously in the education, practical control central eight rules and opposing the four winds and practicing three Suns, and check the spirit of Jiao Yulu, ideology, solicit opinions based on outstanding problems checked swing, careful analysis and reflection. Will now check report is as follows: first, adherence to the partys political discipline, eight in the central provision, change the style of the basic situation of 1, in compliance with the partys political disciplines. Conscientiously abide by the partys political discipline, abide by the Constitution and the rules and regulations of the party, in the political, ideological and maintain highly consistent with the CPC Central Committee on the action, there is no violation of the partys political discipline problems. 2, in the implementation of the central authorities of the eight provisions. Improving research, improving research methods, but there are less grass-roots units, primary first-hand an inadequate grasp of the problem, which is to be strengthened in the future. Second, construction, strictly in accordance with the provisions to streamline and improve the quality of meetings of the Conference. Third, streamlining file briefs, culture involves all aspects of propaganda and ideology, sometimes due to the practical needs of invention notifications, this area needs further汽车维修技师专 业 技 术 论 文 课 题： 浅谈汽车空调系统故障诊断与排除 关 键 词： 汽车空调 故障分析 诊断 检修 论文编号： 工作单位： 交通口岸技师学院 撰 写 人： 阎尚明 交稿日期： 2011年10月2日 浅谈汽车ABS系统故障的诊断与排除摘 要： 本文主要针对一台奥迪A6轿车,由于ABS总线束在穿过后行李箱前壁的壁板因橡胶保护套破损之后导致线束与壁板互相摩擦而磨破导线绝缘层造成导线断路、短路故障和继电器盒后部有一处导线连接不可靠，氧化，造成ABS故障警告灯常亮，介绍其诊断分析方法与故障排除的过程。关键词：汽车ABS系统故障 车轮传感器 线路故障 诊断与排除 现代新型汽车,为了增强驾驶安全性能,普遍安装了制动防抱死装(ABS) ABS系统的作用是保证汽车在任何路面上进行紧急制动时,能根据车轮的转速,自动调整制动管路内的制动液压力大小,去控制和调节车轮制动力,使汽车的滑移率始终保持在15%25%之间,即车轮边滚动、边滑动状态，以防汽车出现侧滑、跑偏和丧失转向能力,从而防止车辆在紧急制动时可能发生倾翻的交通事故。 ABS系统在使用中体现了其稳定性；安全性，现在国内外的轿车、客车生产厂都将其为标准装置，运用于汽车上；而国产车也越来越多采用这一新技术。所以，ABS系统故障的诊断与排除技术是我们汽车修理工必须掌握的知识之一。一、ABS的结构及工作原理二、ABS的基础知识：为了对采用ABS的必要性有所了解，现介绍以下有关制动基础知识。 汽车制动性能的主要评价指标 对汽车的制动性能有多方面的要求，因而有多方面的评价指标，一般常提到以下三个方面。它们是： 1制动效能 制动效能主要指制动距离与制动减速度，通常实用中多指制动距离。制动距离是指驾驶员开始踩制动踏板到汽车完全停车所行驶的距离。制动距离越短，越有利于避免交通事故的发生，它是制动性能最基本的评价指标。 2制动时汽车的方向稳定性 制动时汽车的方向稳定性，一般是指制动过程中维持汽车直线行驶和按预定弯道行驶的能力。如果汽车制动时发生侧滑、甩尾、严重时出现调头，都不可能维持原行驶方向，会使汽车失去方向稳定性；如果汽车在弯道行驶中制动时，汽车不再按原来弯道行驶，出现冲入其它车道或冲出路面，或者即使是直线行驶，也无法避开障碍物，操纵转向盘也不起作用，则为汽车失去转向控制能力（转向操纵性）。汽车制动过程中，失去方向稳定性和失去转向控制能力，都是造成交通事故的重要原因。 3制动效能的恒定性 制动效能的恒定性，主要指抗热衰退性能。抗热衰退性能是指汽车在繁重工作条件下制动时（如下长坡时长时间连续制动），制动器温度升高后，其制动效能的保持程度。它是设计制动器及选材中必须认真考虑的一个重要问题。以上三项指标中，前两项指标采用ABS装置后，其性能都会有明显的改善和提高对避免交通事故的发生能起到很好的作用，因此ABS是汽车上十分重要的主动安全装置。三、ABS的工作原理： 当点火开关接通（ON）时，ABS保护继电器的电磁线圈中就会有电流流过，系统进入自检状态。经过短暂的自检后，如果发现系统中存在影响其正常工作的故障，会保持其自检时的工作状态，即关闭ABS系统。此时压力调节器中各电磁阀的电磁线圈均不通电，各电磁阀均保持在制动压力增大状态，汽车恢复常规制动状态工作。经过自检，未发现影响系统正常工作的故障，ABS就进入等待工作状态。 汽车行驶过程中，各轮速传感器连续地向ABS电脑输入各车轮的轮速信号。当车速超过8km/h后，如果驾驶员踩下制动踏板进行制动时，制动灯开关闭合，蓄电池给ABS电脑一个电压信号。ABS电脑收到蓄电池电压信号后，就判定汽车进入制动状态。它将根据轮速传感器输入的信息，对四个车轮的运动状态进行分析判断。 在制动过程中，各车轮制动未出现趋于抱死时，ABS不工作，此时制动过程与常规制动过程完全相同。在制动过程中，当ABS电脑判定有车轮制动趋于抱死时，就开始对相应的控制通道进行防抱死控制，将车轮滑移率控制在最佳范围之间，直至汽车速度很低或停止。 在制动过程中，如果汽车为高速急转弯，当汽车的横向加速度达到一定值时，横向加速度开关中的一对触点就会断开，ABS电脑不再有蓄电池电压信号，ABS电脑由此判定汽车横向加速度已超过设定的界限值，就会对其防抱死控制过程进行修正，使ABS更为有效地工作。四、故障现象一辆奥迪A6轿车，装用ATX型发动机，该车在行驶过程中仪表盘上的ABS黄色指示灯用驻车制动指示灯常亮，制动系统无防抱死功能五、故障诊断与排除首先检查制动总泵储液罐内的制动液液面高度，制动液不足，添加制动液至储液罐的上刻线位置。加满制动液之后打开点火开关，仪表盘上的驻车制动指示灯亮，起动发动机后自动熄火。检查制动总泵、各车轮的制动分泵及制动管路无制动液渗漏。把4个车轮顶离地面，用手转动车轮检查，制动蹄回位性能良好，无制动蹄片拖滞现象。检查制动蹄片，制动蹄很厚，磨损轻微，制动系统的机械部分正常。起动发动机，把汽车加速至3040km/h的速度，迅速踩下制动踏板，这时4个车轮同时抱死，路面上留下明显制动印痕，说明汽车的常规制动性能良好。把汽车加速至6080km/h的速度，迅速踩下制动踏板，这时4个车轮仍同时抱死，路面上留下十分明显的制动印痕，但汽车无制动跑偏现象，说明汽车制动系统中的ABS系统不工作，制动系统只具备常规制动功能。针对以上故障现象，采取下列方法进行检修：1首先，对ABS控制系统进行故障自诊断：在驾驶室左前座（乘客座）仪表盘杂物箱右下角找出一个双线故障诊断插座，用导线跨接故障诊断座中的两个插孔，打开点火开关，仪表盘上的ABS黄色指示灯显示故障代码12和61。2对ABS控制系统供电电源电路进行检查： 在发动机室内，打开继电器/熔断盒的上盖，用试灯检查熔断器Power（120A）、Brake(20A)、ALB2（15）、ALBMO、OR（50A）处都有12V电源电压；拆除ALB电动机控制继电器，用试灯检查继电器插座中各插孔的供电情况，结果1号插孔有12V常接电源电压，3号插孔当点火开关转到IG2位置时有12V电压，关闭点火开关时不到0V，说明ALB电动机控制继电器的电源电路正常，检查ABS/ECU（7.5V）熔丝，熔丝良好。3拆除ABS电动机控制继电器，用一根导线跨接继电器插座中的1、2插孔，这时可以听到ALB执行器中的制动油泵电动机运转的声音，说明ABS制动油泵电动机正常工作。检查ABS电动机控制继电器，用12V电源加在继电器的3、4端子上，可以听到继电器内触点动作的声音；用万用表检查继电器1、2端子的导通情况，当在3、4端子不加12V电压时1、2端子之间不导通（断开），当加上12V电压时，1、2端子之间导通，说明ABS电动机控制继电器工作正常。4、全面检查ABS控制系统各连接导线的导通情况。从发动机室在的侧ALB系统油压调节器组件上，取下前失效/安全继电器及后失效/安全继电器，检查这两个继电器的工作情况，检查结果这两继电器工作也正常。从4个车轮处拆下轮速传感器器插头，从后行李箱前壁上拆下ALB/ECU及线束插头，用试灯及数字式万用表检查ALB系统中各元件、传感器到ALB/ECU线束上各端子间连接导线的导通情况。打开点火开关，用万用表检查ALB/ECU线束23（IG2）号端子的供电情况，发现电源向ALB/ECU线束23（IG2）号端子的供电电压不正常，用手动几下ALB/ECU的线束及插头有时供电正常，有时又会出现供电中断现象，说明从点火开关IG2，仪表盘下熔丝盒中2号熔丝处到ALB/ECU线束上23（IG2）号端子间的导线有短路的地方，造成电源对ALB/ECU供电不正常。关闭点火开关，检查从ALB电动机控制继电器插座上4号ALB/ECU上线束插头18（PMR）号端子之间的导线不导通（断路）。检查前失效/安全继电器插座上FSR端子到ALB/ECU线束插头上17（FSR）号端子之间的导线不导通（断路）。通过逐段检查线路故障，发现以上3处导线故障都是ALB/ECU总线束在穿过后行李箱前壁的板处因橡胶保护套破损之后导线与壁板互相摩擦而磨破导线绝缘层之后造成上述导线断路、短路故障。5把上述导线断路、短路部位用相同线径及相同颜色的导线连接好，用绝缘胶布包扎好并将线束用绝缘胶布包扎23层，外面另一套绝缘塑料套，更换线束保护绝缘胶套并固定好总线束。6因上述控制线路故障，有可能给ALB/ECU造成不良影响，因此对ALB/ECU进行检查。先除去ALB/ECU表面的灰尘，拆开ABS/ECU两边的盖板，发现集成电路板上有不少灰尘，先用压缩空气吹干净后用稀酒精清洗，晾干后进行仔细检查、测量。经检查没有发现任何缺陷，检查完毕装上ALB/ECU两边的盖板，固定好ALB/ECU，插上线束插头，并插上ABS控制系统中的所有控制元件的线束插头，装好车轮及其他相关零件、附件后打开点火开关，仪表盘上的ABS黄色指示灯亮，起动发动机后指示自动熄灭。这时反复踩下制动踏板，仪表盘上的ABS黄色指示灯都不亮，故障排除。六、结束语：通过以上分析并采上述方法，终于排除了这台轿车ABS故障警告灯常亮的故障。从中得出结论，造成这一故障的主要原因是总线束在穿过行李箱前壁板处因橡胶保护套破损之后与壁板互相摩擦而磨破导线绝缘层造成导线断路、短路故障而使ABS故障警告灯常亮。 总结维修ABS系统的故障，ABS常见的故障主要发生在车办速度传感器及其接头上，因为传感器使用环境非常恶劣，很多时候，作为脉冲发生器的齿圈积满污泥，传感器安装位置变形，线束破损，氧化这都是造成ABS故障的主要原因。因此，在日常的检修保养中，应该注意线束的保护，接头连接的保护。以免造成不必要的损失。 参 考 文 献1 张豫南编著. 汽车防抱死制动系统(ABS)结构原理与维修.中国物质出版社,19962 汪立亮 杨昌明编著.汽车电控系统故障诊断检修实例.金盾出版社20023 一汽大众奥迪A6维修手册 2005年编this type of operation for the safety technology. Without education and training in safety knowledge, shall not enter the construction site operations. To enter the construction site, you must wear a helmet, buckle chinstrap. Work at two meters high and must be fastened. When working at height, are not allowed to throw down or up the materials and tools and other objects. Persons not engaged in electrical and mechanical, prohibited the use of mechanical and electrical equipment. Building materials and components to be tidy and secure, shall not exceed the relevant provisions. Hazardous areas should be clearly marked, protective measures should be taken at night to set up a red light warning. In the operation, should adhere to their jobs, drunken operation is strictly prohibited. Special operations personnel (electricians, welders, boiler operators, blasters, lifting grid and pile drivers and commanding, shelf workers, machines, motor vehicle drivers, and so on) must be operating permits from the relevant sector professional training examinations, independent operation, operation focus, not to leave. Construction site prohibited to wear slippers, heels, skirt, sliding and studded shoes and barefoot, shirtless, and so on. Construction site of the scaffold (prohibition of the use of bamboo and wood materials setting), protective equipment, safety signs, warning signs, scaffolding wall may be supplemented, removed and need to be removed must be reinforced by the contractors agree. Construction site of the four (openings, stairs, lift head, hole) and the five-limb (balcony, framing, roofing, run (oblique) road and unloading platforms), protective measures and clearly marked. Are not allowed to sit at the feet of . Nails should be promptly removed. Drywall cut bricks are cut, no outside chopping. Preventing broken tiles fall hurt. Tools must always be mounted after good tool bag. In the Derrick (gantry) travel; in the Derrick (gantry) increased security measures are not taken to the following cleaning mortar, concrete and other debris; hanging baskets for a long time is not allowed to stop the air; after work basket must be placed in the ground, and cut off the power and lock box. Scaffolding on the Frost, snow, mud, and building waste time cleaning. Both ends of the scaffold to fasten to prevent probe Panel. Danger of overloading the scaffold: laying per square foot scaffold distributed load shall not exceed 270KN, piled up on the scaffold standard bricks of single side three storeys high. Wall removal of dangerous scaffolding; Sat down to rest on the guard rail danger; Set, dismantling scaffolding, Derrick (gantry) high, edges, vacant jobs, such as not wearing a seat belt at risk. Upper part of the ladder to fasten, antiskid measures are required in the lower part. Upper part of the ladder to hang, and lower banding. Ladder to fasten in the Middle, lower to have a non-slip steps, are not allowed to sit on it, riding moves. Altitude: personnel engaged in the Spider-man,ch zazen, budov a konstrukc, tanky a jin zsuvky prmyslov vody, krom ustanoven vodu tak, by mlo bt instalovno v oblasti s vodou k utsnn vrtu, uzavrac ventil, aby se zabrnilo velk mnostv holavch a vbunch materil do kanalizace. 9. pouit v holavch, vbunch plyn pojistn ventil a vtrac potrub, je nutn export trubice je umstn mimo a vy ne 2 metry nad budovou. (B) pouvn ohn, ohe (viz systm sprvy prce) (c) porn zazen a organizac 1. realizace prevence prvn a integrovan prevence ohe politiku, pijmout modern technologie poru a vbuchu prevence a pomoci, provdn zen podle cl. 2. zzen veden spolenosti a vedouc jednotlivch oddlen Porn bezpenost vboru, workshop zaloena porn ochrany, vedouc skupiny a nastavit dobrovolnch hasi. 3. spolenost tvaru ochrany spotebitele na pln vazek hasii, hasii formulovat pln protiporn prevence a akn pln, provdn zen podle cl, pravideln proveden publicitu porn prevence a vzdlvn a kolen, v kombinaci s oekvan porn cvien. 4. soubor stacionrn ohn uvnit spolenosti zazen, protiporn zazen mus bt v Sprva slueb, rozvoj provozn postupy a systmy zen. 5. porn zazen na serveru nastavit jasn, pstup k pohodln a bezpen msto, pravideln kontroly drby, ti (to je, pevn, fixn typ a mnostv, podle odbornk), a nem nikdo nenapadal, pachatel dle systmu ke zpracovn. 6. vechny holav a vbun ltky ve spolenosti a potenciln ped porem a vbuchem nebezpen vroby, skladovn, prodej a pouvn procesu a jeho souvisejc vybaven, psn zen. 7. kdy je ohe, pole tby okamit uspodejte do boje s ohnm, a ohledn vroby, plnovn, alarmy a ohn a adresu urit sti ohn a pinastreamlining. Four are standard visits, except as required to participate in training, no other activity. Five is to improve news reporting, for propaganda work strictly according to the regulations. Six is strictly your presentation published strictly according to the regulations. Seven is strictly thrift, required the use of vehicles and office space an