可数名词与不可数名词.doc

Countable noun and Uncountable noun名词分为专有名词和普通名词。专有名词表示人，机构，场所等特有的名词，如：the United Nations/the World Health Organization普通名词又分为可数名词和不可数名词。一 可数名词的数。（单数和复数两种形式）（1） 可数名词复数基本变化规则词尾字母情况变化方法例词反例词一般情况加-sbird-birds;cake-cakes;dog-dogs;lake-lakes 以字母o结尾 加-esNegro-Negroes;hero-heroestomato-tomatoes;potato-potatoesmosquito-mosquitoes;echo-echoes记忆规则：黑人英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿。蚊子飞过有回音。photo-photosbamboo-bamboosradio-radios;piano-pianos;以-f或-fe结尾变-f或-fe为v,再加esthief-thieves;wife-wives; life-lives;leaf-leaves;wolf-wolves;shelf-shelves;knife-knives;half-halvesroof-foofs;belife-belives;proof-proofs;chief-chiefs以辅音字母+y结尾变y为i加-esbaby-babies;library-librariescity-cities;country-countries;lady-ladies以-s,-x,-z,-ch,-sh结尾直接加-esclass-classes;box-boxes;dish-dishes;quiz-quizeswatch-watches注意;mouth和month后面直接加s,stomach后加s(2) 可数名词的不规则变化(a) 改变单数名词中的元音字母；goose-geese;man-men;woman-women;foot-feet;tooth-teeth.(b) 单复数同形：deer; sheep; fish; yuan; Japanese; Chinese; (c) 其他无规则形式;mouse-mice; child-children; person-people; ox-oxen(d) 复合名词的复数形式：如果前面是woman或man时，变复数时都要前后两个词都要变成复数形式，如果是其他词，只变后面的单词为复数。man teachermen teachersboy studentboy students(3) 考试常考知识点（a）表示“某国人”的名词变复数。a ChineseChinesea JapaneseJapanesean Englishmantwo Englishmena Frenchmantwo Frenchmentwo Americans/two Germans/three Australians/four Canadians口诀：中日不变英法变，其余加s.(b)某些学科名词虽以s结尾，却当单数对待。谓语用单数。mathematics; physics; politics; economics; statistics; electronics; linguistics; AIDS; diabetes糖尿病；appendicitis阑尾炎。（c）自然复数，意思是只有复数形式，表示成双成对的。谓语用复数。trousers; shorts ;jeans; clothes; glasses; scissors; cross-roads; congratulations; savings; chopsticks; gloves; socks.扩展;以上词可以与a pair of 连用，be动词与pair保持一致。如：a pair of shoes; three pairs of shoes.（d）有些名词以单数形式出现却以复数形式对待Police; people; poultry不能说 a people; a police,但可以说a person; a policeman二，不可数名词数量的表达(1) 不可数名词通常没有复数形式，如：paper; water; furniture; money; meat; rubblish; milk; bread; juice; weather; wealth; information; housework.下面让学生说；如何表达; a piece of paper / a glass of water / a carton of milk / a bottle of juice a piece of furniture/ two cups of tea三 可数名词与不可数名词之间的转换有些名词既可以做可数名词又可以做不可数名词，但是含义会有所变化。单词可数不可数fish鱼鱼肉chicken小鸡鸡肉Ice cream几分冰激淋冰激淋fruit各种水果水果glass玻璃杯玻璃room房间空间time次数时