新标准大学英语book3-unit4教案.doc

14Unit 4 Changing TimesActive reading (1) Work in Corporate AmericaTeaching ObjectivesStudents will be able to: Learning how the types of work people do has changed Reading how paper has taken over our working lives Understanding how to use irony to create empathyTeaching allotment (1 period = 2 hours)1st period: Pre-reading; While-reading (text structure; cultural notes; language points)2nd period: While-reading (language points; grammatical structures)3rd period: Check on students home reading (Passage 6); Background Information This was written in 1972 by Russell Baker (1925 ), a well-known American journalist and writer. It was collected by Sandra Fehl Tropp and Ann Pierson DAngelo in their edited book Essays in Context (2000), published by Oxford University Press. The essay leads readers to think from a childs perspective and to evaluate how a job is seen and understood in corporate America. It uses satire and humour to illustrate the writers critical views on corporate America.Culture Points Blue-collar worker: A blue-collar worker is a member of the working class who typically performs manual labor and earns an hourly wage. Blue-collar workers are distinguished from those in the service sector and from white-collar workers, whose jobs are not considered manual labor. Blue-collar work may be skilled or unskilled, and may involve manufacturing, mining, building and construction trades, mechanical work, maintenance, repair and operations maintenance or technical installations. The white-collar worker, by contrast, performs non-manual labor often in an office; and the service industry worker performs labor involving customer interaction, entertainment, retail and outside sales, and the like.Migrant worker in the US: According to the United States Public Health Service, there are an estimated 3.5 million migrant and seasonal farmworkers in the United Statesmen, women, and children who work in all fifty states during peak periods of agriculture. A migrant farmworker is an individual who moves from a permanent place of residence in order to be employed in agricultural work. Seasonal farmworkers perform similar work but do not move from their primary residence for the purpose of seeking farm equipment.China, the world largest agriculture country in terms of farming population, has 225.42 million rural migrant workers as of 2008, according to statistic from the National Statistics Bureau (NBS). Migrant workers are mainly form poor-income families and who leave the countryside to find jobs in cities. The average income of Chinese farmers is about one fourth that of the urban residents earn.White-collar worker: white-collar worker refers to a salaried professional or an educated worker who performs semi-professional office, administrative, and sales coordination tasks, as opposed to a blue-collar worker, whose job requires manual labor. White-collar work is an informal term, defined in contrast to blue-collar work.Home office: A home office is a space within an individuals personal residence that is used for business purposes. It may be a corner of a spare bedroom equipped with nothing more than a desk. Or, it could be one whole floor of a house filled with the latest in computer and communications devices. Whatever its size and composition, however, the home office is increasingly common in American business today. A majority of the estimated 40 million Americans who work from their homes are self-employed small business owners. In addition, many professionals maintain two offices, and a growing number are equipping their home computers with modems that allow them access to their office computer files. Many large corporations are also expanding experiments in telecommuting, which enables employees to work from home, using modem-equipped computers, just as they would in the office.Warming- up Questions1. Where are these people? They are in a large office.2. What are the people doing? They are working with their computers.3. Why does the man standing compare Americans with Japanese?The Japanese have always been considered the most industrious and tireless in the world.4. Are those sitting there excited about being Number One?They do not seem to be very excited.5. What do you think the man sitting back mean?It seems that he is not in agreement with the man standing. Working longer doesnt necessarily lead to a great country.6. Do you think they are doing something really necessary and important? I dont think so.Teaching focusesIn todays American jobs are not what they used to be. Not long ago, when a father was asked about his job he could answer in terms that a child could come to grips with. Nowadays, when the parent take his offspring to his place of business in glass buildings that are really incomprehensive to children. Whats more, its safe bet that even grown men have trouble visualizing what other men does in their jobs with his day. Therefore, its not difficult to imagine a poor child may answer “mulling over” after it beats me. the mysteries of work, when his friend asks him of his fathers job. Language pointsPart A. Key words and expressions:corporate a. relating to large companies, or to a particular large company 大公司的e.g. 1. They are going to reorganize the corporate structure next year. 他们明年要改组公司。2. Some companies are introducing ethics into their corporate culture in a big way. 有些公司正在大刀阔斧地将道德规范引进到公司文化中。Word family： corporation n. dispirited a. someone who is dispirited does not have the hope, enthusiasm, or interest that they had earlier 气馁的；垂头丧气的；心灰意懒的e.g. 1. She refused to be dispirited by her long illness. 她并未因长期患病而萎靡不振。2. I was feeling pretty dispirited, lacking in both enthusiasm and energy, and was forced to stop several times during the climb. 在爬山途中，我越来越气馁，没有了热情，也没有了精力，不得不歇了好几次。Antonym: spirited someday ad. (BrE often some day) at some time in the future even though you do not know when 来日；将来某一天；总有一天e.g. 1. Stick with it and someday you will be a good pianist. 坚持不懈，终有一天你会成为一名优秀的钢琴家。2. The use of robots will someday take the place of manual labor. 机器人的使用有一天会取代人力。visualize vt. form a picture of someone or something in your mind 使形象化；想象；设想e.g. 1. Susan visualized her wedding day and saw herself walking down the aisle on her fathers arm. 苏珊想象着在她结婚那天，挽着父亲的手臂走在教堂过道上。 2. I am having problems visualizing the bike you are talking about. 我想象不出你在谈论的自行车是个什么样子。Synonym: envisionoffspring n. C (pl. offspring(s) someones child or children 子女；子孙；后代e.g. 1. Toms sister came round on Saturday with her numerous offspring. 星期六汤姆的姐姐带着一大群孩子来到了这里。2. Offspring of musical parents, Barry Gray was born in Lancashire, receiving a sound musical education. 巴利格雷出生于兰开夏，作为音乐家的后代，他接受了非常扎实的音乐教育。incomprehensible a. im-possible to understand 无法理解的；晦涩难懂的e.g. The most incomprehensible thing about the world is that it is at all comprehensible. - Albert Einstein 这个世界最不可理解的就是它竟然是可以理解的。 阿尔伯特爱因斯坦 Antonym: comprehensibleWord family: comprehend vt. comprehension n. mystifying a. difficult to explain or understand 让人无法理解的；使人困惑不解的e.g. Some of the theorems we are beginning to understand. Others are mystifying. 在这几条定理中，有的我们已渐渐理解，有的使人困惑不解。Word family: mystify vt.e.g. The bankers disappearance mystified the police. 银行家的失踪使警方大惑不解。processor n. C 1) someone whose job is to deal with particular documents 处理者e.g. 1. He is a loan processor in a bank. 他是一家银行的信贷员。2. They need a data processor. I think you can go and try. 他们需要一个数据处理员，我觉得你可以去试试。2) the part of a computer that controls and performs all its operations 计算机处理器analyst n. C someone whose job is to carefully examine a situation, event etc. in order to provide other people with information about it 分析员；分析师e.g. 1. an intelligence analyst 情报分析员2. I encourage every credit analyst to take this course. 我鼓励每一位信用分析师都通过这个认证。Word family: analyze vt. analysis n.See also: systems analyst.envision vt. picture sth. mentally; show a visual scene in your mind, to imagine sth. that is outside your experience, which has not happened or does not exist 展望；设想e.g. 1. Lets envision a world full of peace and happiness. 让我们展望一个充满和平和幸福的世界。2. Instead of constantly worrying and stressing, set aside time each day to envision a new life. 不要不停地担心、为压力而焦虑，每天抽空来想象新的生活。Synonym: visualizebaffle vt. if a problem, someones behaviour etc. baffles you, you cannot understand it or solve it （问题或行为等）使困惑，难倒e.g. 1. The question baffled me completely and I couldnt answer it. 这个问题把我彻底难倒了，我答不出来。2. He glanced round at his team mates, completely baffled. 他一脸困惑地环顾着自己的队友。prohibitively ad. to a prohibitive degree（费用或价格）高得令人望而却步地e.g. Giving every patient an annual anti-flu injectionwould be prohibitively expensive. 每年给每个病人注射抗流感针剂的花费是无法承受的。Word family: prohibitive a. a prohibitive cost or price prevents people from buying something because it is too expensive （费用或价格）高得令人望而却步的e.g. The project was abandoned because of prohibitive costs. 这一工程计划因造价昂贵而被放弃。remotely ad. 1) from a distance 远距离地e.g. Hardware and software on intranets may be managed remotely over a network. 内部网上的硬件与软件可以在网络上进行远程管理。Word family: remote a.e.g. The car is fitted with a remote immobiliser, and a radio signal from a control centre miles away will ensure that once the thief switches the engine off, he will not be able to start it again. (CET4-2006-06) 这辆车安装了远程锁止器，车主可以从几英里外的控制中心向车辆发送无线电信号，这样一旦小偷关闭引擎后就无法再次发动。2) usually in negatives slightly, or in a very small way 略微地；轻微地 e.g. 1. I have never seen anything remotely resembling thehorrors of that day. 我从没见过一点儿类似于那天的恐怖景象。2. He had never been remotely jealous. 他一丁点儿妒忌都从未有过。inquisitive a. asking a lot of questions about things, especially things that people do not want to talk about 好奇的；好问的；爱钻研的e.g. 1. He surveyed me with an inquisitive look. 他以好奇的眼光仔细地打量我。 2. He is inquisitive to the point of rudeness. 他的好问已到无礼的程度。 3. A pat answer is not going to satisfy an inquisitive audience. 敷衍了事的答复不会让追根究底的观众满意。Word family: inquisition n. ascertain vt. find out sth. 弄清；查明 e.g. 1. The question is how to ascertain what the people really want. 问题在于如何弄清人们究竟需要什么。 2. She managed to ascertain that her son was not among the wounded. 她设法弄清楚了，儿子并没有受伤。 3. We ascertained that our passports were in order. 我们查过，我们的护照仍然有效。whereabouts n. (pl.) the place where someone or something is （某人或某物的）所在，下落，行踪 e.g. 1. There were no clues to his whereabouts, the fugitive had obviously gone to earth. 逃犯的行踪一点线索也没有，显而易见，他已躲藏了起来。2. She has told them nothing that could shed light on her husbands whereabouts. 她没向他们提供任何有关她丈夫下落的线索。3. The escaped prisoners whereabouts is/are still unknown. 逃犯仍然下落不明。confer vi. discuss sth. with other people in order to reach a decision 讨论；商谈；商议e.g. 1. She went to confer with her advisers before announcing a decision. 她先去请教顾问然后再宣布决定。2. We should confer with them on matters of mutual concern. 我们应该跟他们就共同关心的问题进行商讨。Word family: conference n. 会议eminent a. important, respected, and admired 显赫的；杰出的；著名的 e.g. 1. John can be an eminent professor, an eminent lawyer, an eminent surgeon or whatever. Hes still a stupid man. 约翰可以成为知名的教授，或知名的律师，或知名的外科医生，或是别的什么知名人士；可他还是傻乎乎的。2. He ranks with the worlds eminent scientists. 他跻身于世界著名科学家之列。Word family: eminence n. scowl vi. ( at) twist your face into an expression that shows you are angry 阴沉着脸；下拉着脸e.g. 1. The receptionist scowled at me. 接待员横眉怒目地看着我。 2. The teacher scowled at his noisy class. 老师对他那闹哄哄的课堂板着脸。mull v. ( over) think carefully about sth. over a period of time 仔细思考；反复琢磨e.g. 1. Ive been mulling over what you said last night. 我一直在琢磨你昨晚说的话。2. I have not decided yet, I am mulling it over in my mind. 我还没决定，一直在仔细考虑。observant a. noticing everything that happens 善于观察的；观察力敏锐的e.g. 1. Her observant eye took in every detail. 她敏锐的眼睛看到了每一个细节。2. Journalists are trained to be observant. 新闻记者都要训练成有敏锐观察力的人。Word family: observe e / get to grips with: start to deal with a problem, situation, or job that you have to do 开始处理，开始应对（难题、困境或某项工作）e.g. 1. Only in this way can this conference come to grips with problems and solve them correctly. 这样，我们的会议才能够解决问题，才能够解决得正确。2. When John gets to grips with a problem, he doesnt leave it alone until hes found the solution. 当约翰要认真对付一个问题时，找不到解决办法他是不会罢手的。its a safe bet that : Its likely to happen, or its likely to be successful 可能发生的是e.g. 1. Its a safe bet that the others wont make the same mistake. 可能其他人就不会犯同样的错误了。2. Its a safe bet that house prices will continue to rise in the next few years. 很有可能在未来几年里房子价格还会上涨。in a fashion: in a way 以的方式e.g. 1. He walks in a peculiar fashion. 他走路的样子很奇特。2. She will be working out her problems in her own fashion and should be allowed to do so. 她得到允许，将以自己的方式解决问题。fall apart: break because of being old or badly made 破碎；散架e.g. 1. The old temple will fall into pieces soon without repairmen. 如果不加修缮，这座古庙很快会垮塌。2. Most of the buildings have fallen into pieces in the earthquake. 大部分建筑都因为地震而垮塌。 wear out:1) use sth. a lot so that it no longer works, or can no longer be used 用坏；穿破，磨损e.g. 1. Clothing seems to wear out in no time nowadays. 现在的衣服好像很快就穿破了 / 不耐穿。2. That child can wear a pair of shoes out in a month. 那孩子一个月就会穿坏一双鞋。2) make someone feel very tired 使精疲力竭 e.g. 1. It is better to wear out than rust out. 与其懒死，不如累死。2. I am worn out with domestic worries. 我被家庭里的烦恼事弄得疲惫不堪。make of: understand someone or the meaning of something in a particular way 理解；了解e.g.1. “Could you make anything of what he was saying?” “No, I could make nothing of it.” “你明白他在说什么吗?”“不，我不明白。”2. Nancy wasnt sure what to make of Micks apology. 南茜不知道该怎么理解米克的道歉。(it) beats me: (spoken) used for saying that you do not know or understand sth. 我不知道；我不理解e.g. 1. What beats me is where they get the money from. 我大惑不解的是他们究竟从哪儿弄来这钱。 2. Havent you got those dishes done yet? It beats me what you do with your time. 那些碟子你还没有洗吗？我弄不懂你都把时间花在什么上了Difficult sentences 1. Even grown men who do market research have trouble visualizing what a public relations man does with his day, and it is a safe bet that the average systems analyst is as baffled about what a space salesman does at the shop as the average space salesman is about the tools needed to analyze a system. (Para 6) 即使是那些从事市场研究工作的成年人也难很想象公关部的人每天都在做些什么，一名普通的系统分析师肯定不知道空间推销员在店里都干些什么，就好像空间推销员对分析系统的工具也一窍不通一样。2. The machines that make things make them in such a fashion that they will quickly fall apart in such a way that repairs will be prohibitively expensive. (Para 7) 机器生产出来的东西很容易散架，而这样的东西要拿去修理的话费用非常高，不值得。3. Back at the office, the father orders the paper retyped and reproduced in quintuplicate, and then sent to another man for comparison with paper that was reproduced in triplicate last year. (Para 16) 回到办公室，父亲让人把文件一式五份重新打印好给另一个人，那个人要把这份文件和去年一式三份的那份文件作比较。Active reading (2) Our supposedly Teaching ObjectivesStudents will be able to: Understanding how to persuade readers to certain points of view Interpreting fact or opinion Appreciating paradoxBackground InformationTechnological innovation is the process through which new (or improved) technologies are developed and brought into widespread use. Culture pointsGlobalization describes an ongoing process by which regional economies, societies, and cultures have become integrated through a globe-spanning network of communication and execution. The term is sometimes used to refer specifically to economic globalization: the integration of national economies into the international economy through trade, foreign direct investment, capital flows, migration, and the spread of technology. However, globalization is usually recognized as being driven by a combination of economic, technological, sociocultural, political, and biological factors. The term can also refer to the transnational circulation of ideas, languages, or popular culture through acculturation. The positive effects of globalization: Globalization has created the concept of outsourcing. Work such as software development, customer support, marketing, accounting and insurance is outsourced to developing countries like India. Increased competition forces companies to lower prices. This benefits the end consumers. Increased media coverage draws the attention of the world to human right violations. This leads to improvement in human rights. The negative effects of globalization: Developed nations have outsourced manufacturing and white-collar jobs. Job insecurity. Earlier people had stable, permanent jobs. Terrorists have access to sophisticated weapons enhancing their ability to inflict damage. Terrorists use the Internet for communicating among themselves. Companies have set up industries causing pollution in countries with poor regulation of pollution. The benefits of globalization is not universal. The rich are getting richerand the poor are becoming poorer. Bad aspects of foreign cultures are affecting the local cultures through TV and the Internet. Enemy nations can spread propaganda through the Internet. Deadly diseases like HIV/AIDS are being spread by travelers to the remotest corners of the globe. Local industries are being taken over by foreign multinationals. Multinational Companie