自考英语笔记

阅读判断1. 题目要求：读懂一篇350字左右短文的基础上，对给出10个句子所表达的信息做出判断。 2. 作答方式： 正确的选A （True） 错误的选B（False） 文中没有提到的选C（Not Given） 3. 题目展现： little, few, several 这几个词用作形容词时均含少量的之意。 little： 只修饰不可数名词，含否定意义。few： 只修饰可数名词的复数形式，侧重指数量非常少，给人一种模糊概念，含否定意义。 several： 修饰可数名词的复数形式，指至少有3个，但不会超过5、6个。True第一种情况：题目是原文的同义改写Eg: 1【题目】：Most are less than five years old. 大多数都小于五年。 【原文】：Few are more than five years old. 很少有超过五年的。第二种情况：根据原文中的几句话推断或归纳而成Eg：2【题目】Generally speaking, dyslexia is more common in left-handed males than in right-handed females. 通常来讲，患读写困难症的左撇子男性要比右撇子女性更为常见。 【原文】However, research has shown that dyslexia is more common in males than in females, and it is found more often in persons who are left-handed. 但是研究表明，男性患读写困难症者多于女性，而且在左撇子中尤为常见。False第一种情况：题目与原文直接相反（反义词，not+同义词，反义结构）Eg: 1【题目】Our direct contact with plants grows with the process of industrialization. 随着工业化进程的发展，我们与植物的联系越来越大。【原文】Unfortunately, the more industrialized we become the farther away we move from direct contact with plants. 不幸的是，我们的工业化程度越高，人类与植物间的直接联系就越少。第二种情况：原文和题目中使用了表示不同范围、频率、可能性的词（如：all, only, many, sometimes, usually, unlikely, mostly, impossible等) generally 通常地，一般地Eg: 2【题目】Snakes are usually poisonous. 蛇通常是有毒的。【原文】Snakes are sometimes poisonous. 蛇有时是有毒的。第三种情况：过于绝对的说法，如含有only, all, any, must, always, completely, entirely等的句子Eg: 3 【题目】Tickets must be bought in advance from an authorized Daybreak agent. 票必须提前从一个认证的代理处购买。 【原文】Booking in advance is strongly recommended as all Daybreak tours are subject to demand. Subject to availability, stand-by tickets can be purchased from the driver. 我们强烈建议提前预定，因为所有的Daybreak旅行都是由需求决定的。如果还有票的话，可直接向司机购买。第四种情况：原文强调是人们对某事物的一种“理论”或“感觉” ,常有feel, consider及theory等词。题目强调是一种“事实”或“已被证明”，常有fact及prove等Eg: 4【题目】It is fact that frogs breeding cycles are upset by worldwide increases in temperature. 一个事实是青蛙的生长周期被世界范围温度的升高所破坏。 【原文】Another theory is that worldwide temperature increases are upsetting the breeding cycles of frogs. 另一种理论是世界范围温度的升高破坏了青蛙的生长周期。 第五种情况:原文中包含条件状语，题目中去掉条件成分。(如：if, unless, but for, with等)Eg：5【题目】The media has often criticized the Internet because it is dangerous. 媒体经常指责Internet，因为它是危险的。 【原文】The Internet has often been criticized by the media as a dangerous tool in the hands of young computer users. Internet通常被媒体指责为是年轻的计算机用户手中的危险工具。Not given题目中的某些内容在原文中找不到具体依据 (不完全对，也不完全错；有不同的可能性)第一种情况:题目中涉及的范围小于原文涉及的范围Eg: 1【题目】Our factory club provides color printer. 我们工厂提供彩色打印机。 【原文】Our factory club provides printer. 我们工厂提供打印机。 第二种情况：主观臆断Eg: 2【题目】The amateur athletes are allowed to compete in the modern Olympics. 业余运动员被允许在现代奥运会中竞争。 【原文】His aim was to bring together, once every four years, athletes from all countries on the friendly fields of amateur sport. 他的目的是把各国的运动员每四年一次聚集到友好的业余运动的赛场上。 Tips 1. 谨遵原文内容，不能凭借自己的知识 2.根据原文来做推断，不能做毫无根据的推理。 3. 题目中若出现must, only, all及always等时，答案一般不会是True阅读选择阅读长度为350字左右的短文，题材包括人文、科技、经济、环境、卫生等话题。短文后有5个题目，要求考生从每个题目后四个选项中选出最佳答案阅读选择重点问题所在遇到不认识的单词就慌积累/找关键词句型结构不会分析积累不知何从下手，草草作答技巧时间不够用练习解题方法1.解题3步走STEP1: 浏览题干和选项抓关键词和出题类型STEP2: 按照一致性规律根据关键词在原文查找定位STEP3: 将原文与选项比对切记：题干+正确选项=原文信息值2.五大题型（1）主旨题1. The best title for this text is .2. The main idea of the text is .3. The text mainly deals with .4. The title that best expresses（表达） the main idea is .5. The central idea conveyed（传达） in the above text is .6. The authors purpose in writing this text is .7. The main idea of this text may be best expressed as .8. Which of the following is the best title for this text？主旨题的答案什么样子| 正确答案一定具有概括性和结论性| 细节性的选项肯定是错的。| 答案在结尾或开头句的概率很高（可以先跳过，做细节题再做主旨题）（2）细节题1特殊疑问句以what，who，when，how，where等引导的问题。1) What do we know about.？2) Why is .？3) How many . in this text ？4) In what year.？5) In what way.？6) according to the text，who .？2正误判断题通常询问文章中所述的事情是否真实，某种提法是否正确或文章是否提及某事。A. Which of the following statements（陈述） is true？B. Which of the following is mentioned in the text？C. Which of the following does not explain（解释）.？D. Which of the following statements is wrong according to the author？E. Which of the following in NOT listed（列出） as.？F. all of the following are true except.G. The author mentions all of the items listed below except.H. The author does not tell us .3填空题通常涉及与主题有关的事实或细节A. The real cause is .B. according to the author，the techniques（技术；方法；技巧） can be used to .C. The author states（陈述） that .D. The experiment shows that .E. Mr. X expects（期望；认为；预料） .（3）推断题1. The text is intended（目的） to2. The text implies（暗示） that3. It can be inferred（推断） from the text that4. It can be concluded（结论） from the text that5. We can conclude from the text that6. The writer implies that7. The author suggests（建议） that8. an inference（推断） which maybe made from the text is （4）词义句义猜测题1. What is the possible meaning of the word in line.？2. Which is the probable definition（定义） of the word ？3. The italicized（在字下划横线；强调） word in line . means .4. Which of the following is nearest in meaning to ？5. By ，the author means .6. In line，the word “this”stands for .7. The word“”probably means .8. The word is closest to .词义题怎么做？| 回原文3句话猜| 构词法猜| 选项代入（5）观点态度题1. Which of the following the author is most likely to agree with?2. The author seems to be in favor of（支持） the idea of .3. Whats the authors opinion ?4. What does the writer think of.?5. The authors attitude towards . might be best summarized（总结；概述） as .6. In the writers opinion, .7. The author of the passage seems to be .8. The tone（语气，语调） of the author is .9. The authors purpose of writing this text is .态度题注意什么positive（积极）, negative（消极）optimistic（乐观）, pessimistic（悲观）approving（支持）, opposing（反对），neutral（中立）subjective（主观）, objective（客观）concerned（关心）, indi