2014年上海中考英语复习讲义.doc

迈高教室九年级英语同步 辅导教材 1 2014 年上海中考英语复习讲义 第一章词形变化和词性转换题 概述 英语中十大词类有六种主要是以词尾变化而构成的 名词 数和所有格 代词 格 数 性 形容词和副词 原级 比较级 最高级 动词 三式两分词 数词 基序 词在句中担当的成分不同而有不同的词性 它们的拼写也常有变化 pleasure please pleasant pleased pleasantly 有些词加上后缀可以表示某种动作的人或工具 invent inventor compute computer science scientist 或表示一种性质 身份 资格 时期等 friend friendship child child hood 有 时加上前缀 re 可以表示重新的意思 build rebuild tell retell 这种变化也称之为派生 有些词加上前缀或后缀 词形不变 但成为翻译词 possible impossible correct incorrect regular irregular happy unhappy appear disappear hopeful Hopeless 这种称之为词根反 义变化 解此类题学生必备的词法知识是 1 掌握教材中常用词的规则和不规则的词性变化形式 2 知道常用的构词法 会归纳教材中常见词的词性转化 派生词 3 熟记教材中的词根反义词 解此类题学生必须注意的是 1 根据上下文先确定空处应填何种词性的词 2 然后确定该词应作何种词形变化 特别注意同根反义词和缩略形式 3 大写字母 例如 1 We live on the floor of the high rise nine 2 The young lady is the of the restaurant manage 3 The dictionary is cheap and as well help 4 It is to swim in a swimming pool than in a river safety 5 It is for an ordinary plane to fly to the moon possible 近几年 该题型也略有变化 即将各小题后括号内的单词集中在方框内 新题型添加了考 查学生对所给单词的词义认识以及对试题中所缺单词的揣测能力 因而避免了传统题型稍 嫌有纯语法测试倾向的不足之处 并促使学生更认真的复习单词的词义和加强训练对句子 整体理解的能力 但这两年又恢复到单词置于句末括号中 例如 Busily discuss relax say 1 Forget your worries and 2 She collected of her favourite writers in a small notebooks 3 Karl is the man I have ever seen 4 All we need is action not 表 1 可数名词复数的构成 规则的不规则的 迈高教室九年级英语同步 辅导教材 2 1 一般情况 s desk desks boy boys month months 2 以辅音字母加 y 结尾的去 y ies lady ladies 3 以 s x sh ch 结尾的 es bus fox dish watch 4 以 f fe 结尾的去 f fe ves wolf knife 1 单复同形 sheep fish deer series Chinese Japanese Swiss 2 改变元音 man woman child foot tooth goose mouse postman policewoman 3 o 的归纳 zoo radio video piano photo kilo UFO s Hero tomato potato es 注意 s es 的发音 s 在清辅音后读 s 在元音和浊辅音后读 z es 读 iz 表 2 名词所有格的构成 1 一般情况下 s the child s toys Mary s cat his wife s photo the Children s Restaurant a women s hospital 2 以 s 结尾的复数名词 the teachers office a girls school 3 以 s 结尾的单数名词 my boss s office 注意 1 但以 z 音结尾的 名词 或 s 均可 Dickens Oliver Twist Dickens s Oliver Twist 表 3 人称代词 物主代词 反身代词 疑问代词的数 格 性 人称代词物主代词 主格宾格形容词性名词性 反身代词 第一人称Imemyminemyself 第二人称youyouyouryoursyourself 阳性he himhishishimself 阴性sheherherhersherself 单 数 第三人称 中性itititsitsitself 第一人称we usouroursourselves 第二人称youyouyouryoursyourselves 复 数第三人称they themtheirtheirsthemselves 疑问代词Who whatWho m whatWhose whichWhose which 表 4 基数词 序数词的构成 基数 词 序数词基数词序数词基数词序数词 1onefirst21twenty onetwenty first 2twosecond22twenty twotwenty second 3threethird13thirteenthirteenth33thirty threethirty third 4fourfourth14fourteenfourteenth44forty fourforty fourth 5fivefifth15fifteenfifteenth55fifty fivefifty fifth 6sixsixth16sixteensixteenth66sixty sixsixty sixth 7sevenseventh17seventeenseventeenth77seventy sevenseventy seventh 8eighteighth18eighteeneighteenth88eighty eighteighty eighth 迈高教室九年级英语同步 辅导教材 3 9nineninth19nineteennineteenth99ninety nineninety ninth 10tententh20twentytwentieth100one hundredone hundredth 11eleveneleventh123one hundred and twenty three one hundred and twenty third 12twelvetwelfth 注意 注意黑体字的拼写 表 5 分数的构成 1 分子用基数词 分母用序数词 分子分母间用连字号 分子大于 1 序数词用复数形式 带分数可在整数后用 and 1 4 one fourth 1 12 one twelfth 2 3 two thirds 4 19 four nineteenths 5 9 13 five and nine thirteenths 2 1 2 还可读为 a one half 1 4 a one quarter 3 4 three quarters 3 分子分母数字较大时如 35 88 可读为 thirty five over eighty eight 表 6 形容词 副词比较级和最高级的构成 规则变化不规则变化 原级比较级最高级 bad badly ill worseworst good well betterbest many much moremost littlelessleast farfarther further farthest farthest latelater latter latest last 第一种方法 形容词 词原级加词缀 er est 构成比较级和最高级 绝大多数单音节 一部分双音节用这种方法 1 一般情况下 er est long longer longest 2 以不发音的 e 结尾的形容词 副词 er est nice nicer nicest 3 以一个辅音字母结尾 除 x 的重度闭音节 双写该辅音字母 er est big biger biggest 4 以辅音字母 y 结尾的 去 y ier iest dry drier driest 第二种方法 在形容词 副词前加 more Most 构成比较级和最高级 Careful slowly difficult oldolder elder oldest eldest 注意 1 许多双音节词可用以上两种方法构成比较级和最高级 如 often pleasant gentle common clever narrow stupid polite quiet handsome 2 后缀 ful ous less tive alble ed ing 的形容词及副词用第二种方法 表 7 动词单数第三人称的构成 规则的不规则的 迈高教室九年级英语同步 辅导教材 4 a 一般情况 s work play b 以辅音 y 结尾的去 y ies c 以 s x sh ch 结尾的 es miss fix wash d 一 o 结尾的 es do go have has 注意 词缀 s es 的读音 iz 表 8 动词现在分词的构成 1 一般情况 ing 2 以一个不发音的 e 结尾的去 e ing 3 以一个辅音字母 除 x 结尾的重度闭音节 双写辅音字母 ing 4 以 ie 结尾的动词 去 ie 变 y ing die lie 注意 travel prefer 都要双写 表 9 动词的过去式和过去分词的构成 规则的不规则的 变化类型动词原形过去式过去分词 AAAputputput AABbeatbeatbeaten ABAcomecamecome ABBlendlentlent 1 一般情况 ed 2 以一个不发音的 e 结尾的 d 3 以一个辅音字母 除 x 结尾的重度闭音 节 双写辅音字母 ed 4 以辅音字母加 y 结尾的动词 去 y ied ABCwritewrotewritten 注意 travel prefer 都要双写 表 10 词性转化 n act action anger attention back beauty business care change cheer cleaning clearness collection correction completeness v act attend care change cheer clean clear collect correct complete adj active angry attentive back beautiful busy careful changeable cheerful clean clear collective correct complete adv actively angrily attentively back beautifully busily carefully cheerfully clearly collectively correctly completely v add advise answer apologize arrive award begin breathe brush build call carry choose cook n addition advice answer apology arrival award beginning breath brush building call carriage choice cooking 迈高教室九年级英语同步 辅导教材 5 danger death difference excitement extent extension fall fear full fool fight fright gladness goodness greed happiness harm heat help height hesitation honesty hope hunger hurry interest invitation joy kindness last life loss love luck need opening past person pleasure pollution possibility endanger die differ excite extend fall fear fill fool fight fright harm heat help hesitate hope hurry interest invitation enjoy last live lose love need open pass please pollute dangerous dead dying deadly different exciting excited extensive falling fallen fearful full foolish fighting frightful frightened glad good greedy happy harmful hot helpful high hesitant honest hopeful hungry hurried interesting interested inviting joyful kind last living live lively lost lovely lucky necessary open opening past personal pleasant polluted possible dangerously deadly differently excitedly extensively fearfully fully foolishly frightfully gladly well greedily happily harmfully hotly helpfully high highly hesitantly honestly hopefully hungrily hurriedly interestedly invitingly joyfully kindly last lively luckily necessarily openly past personally pleasantly possibly copy cost cough cover cry dance decide discover discuss draw dream dress drink drop end enter excuse explain fail feel dish fly inform invent land laugh mail matter mean meet notice operate organize paint pay perform plan point practice pronounce copy cost cough cover cry dance dancing decision discovery discussion drawing dream dress dressing drink drop end entrance excuse explanation failure feelings fish fishing flight information invention land laugh mail matter meaning meet meeting notice operation organization paint painting pay performance plan point practice pronunciation 迈高教室九年级英语同步 辅导教材 6 post postage pride rain reality relaxation round sadness safety silence situation sleep smile snow success surprise talk taste thanks tradition truth union use welcome width wonder work worry wound adj automatic bad certain early easy fast final fluent free post rain realize relax round save situate sleep smile snow succeed surprise talk taste thank trust unite use welcome widen wonder work worry wound adv automatically badly certainly early easily fast finally fluently freely postal proud rainy real relaxing relaxant round sad safe silent situational asleep sleepy sleeping smiling snowy successful talkative tasteful thankful traditional true united useful welcome wide wonderful working worried wounded n absence centre chemistry cloud colour crowd day difficulty proudly really round around sadly safely silently asleep smilingly successfully tastefully thankfully traditionally truly usefully widely wonderfully worriedly adj absent central chemical cloudy colourful crowded daily difficult electric read recite record report return ring rob run say see sell serve step shop show sing smell smoke sound speak speed stay stop store study swim tele phone type train turn visit walk wash water weigh write v bore come dry reading recitation record report return ring robbery running saying seeing sight sale service step shop shopping show singing song smell smoking smoke sound speech speed stay stop store study swimming tele phone type training turn visit walk walking washing water weight writing adj bored boring coming dry 迈高教室九年级英语同步 辅导教材 7 general great hard heavy immediate individual late loud quick quiet right serious slow straight strict sudden sure swift terrible timid usual warm wrong n v adj cross head long home deed country area America Australia Britain Canada China England France generally greatly hard heavily immediately individually late loud ly quickly quietly right seriously slowly straight strictly suddenly surely swiftly terribly timidly usually warmly wrongly prep adv across ahead along home indeed adj American Australian British Canadian Chinese English French electricity expense friend front fun gold health illness importance light magnificence medicine nation nationality noise physics plastics profession salt sickness storm sun wind wood male female actor actress emperor empress god goddess headmaster headmistress language English English English English French Chinese English expensive friendly front funny golden healthy ill important light magnificent medical national noisy physical plastic professional salty sick stormy sunny windy wooden host ess manager ess prince ss tiger tigress waiter waitress people Americans Australians Britons Canadians Chinese Englishman Frenchman fit follow forget freeze own tire upset opposites impossible impolite incomplete inconvenient incorrect irregular disagree disappear discover dishonest dislike uncorrected unfair unforgettabl e re again rebuild recycle n v adj art cycle chemistry piano science act fit following forgettable freezing frozen own tired tiring upset unhappy unhealthy unidentified unimportant uninteresting unlucky unnecessary unusual careful careless fearful fearless harmful harmless helpful helpless hopeful hopeless retell rewrite person thing artist cyclist chemist pianist scientist actor announcer 迈高教室九年级英语同步 辅导教材 8 Germany Greece India Italy Japan The Netherlands New Zealand Poland Russia Singapore Sweden Switzerland Turky Adj actual excited safe rare fortunate peaceful polite gentle comfortable v build consume inspect edit attract instruct arrange argue enjoy develop complain German Greek Indian Italian Japanese Dutch New Zealand Polish Russian Singaporean Swedish Swiss Turkish Adv actually excitedly safely rarely fortunately peacefully politely gently comfortably n builder consumer inspector editor attraction instruction arrangement argument enjoyment development complaint French German Greek Indian Italian Japanese Dutch English Polish Russian Malay Chinese Tamil English Swedish French German Italian Turkish Germans Greeks Indians Italians Japanese Dutchman New Zealanders Poles Russian Singaporeans Swedes Swiss Turks announce begin calculate compute dance drive farm fight football foreign fly heat help herd invent law listen lock manage message office own pass read receive record report rob run sing send speak strange swim teach train visit wait win work beginner calculator computer dancer driver farmer fighter footballer foreigner flyer heater helper herder 牧人 inventor lawyer listener locker 衣柜 manager messenger officer owner passenger reader receiver recorder reporter robber runner singer sender speaker stranger swimmer teacher trainer visitor waiter winner worker writer 迈高教室九年级英语同步 辅导教材 9 n mud mess guilt Korea ambition agriculture sense adj muddy messy guilty Korean ambition agricultural sensible write engine gentle fire fish police post weather cook graduate library music serve study black engineer gentleman fireman fisherman policeman postman weatherman cook graduate librarian musician servant student blacksmith 基础练习一 词形变化 1 The office is on the floor twelve 2 I can t se the blackboard clear 3 A cat has nine as the saying goes life 4 I don t think the watch is I 5 The thief looked up and saw two standing before him policeman 6 The football game of the year will be on TV night big 7 The monkey saw in the mirror it 8 I don t think the handbag is that lady 9 Why Your watch is than mine fast 10 You enjoy to light music don t you listen 11 You must find the manager he 12 If you run after two you will catch neither mouse 13 Let the girl breakfast herself She is already three have 14 I hate to see letters in pencil write 15 Lizzy is the of the twin sisters thin 基础练习二 词性转换 1 What s the of the word bungee jumping mean 2 Frieda sees her parents every two months or something like that one 3 with us we won easily lucky 4 The reading room is always of students at noon fill 5 Did you the film Harry Potter joy 6 She went to the window and looked out cross 7 Tell me the boy truly 8 No it isn t a change chemistry 迈高教室九年级英语同步 辅导教材 10 9 It s not to walk on the railway at night save 10 You have done your work there are many mistakes hurry 11 Betty s got ten Christmas cards but I ve got only twice 12 Although he is 80 years old he is still action 13 Jack managed to push his way through the crowded 14 Do you know the proverb It s hard to all pleasure 15 After some he went back to the shop hesitate 16 I what they call these flowers wonderfully 17 WTO is short form for World Trade organize 18 I heard Barbara singing when I walked her house pass 基础训练三 词形变化 词性转化 同根反义练习 1 After a long holiday George looked than before health 2 The girls over there are new at the restaurant wait 3 I don t think Jack is He never tells lies honesty 4 The baby panda 3 kilograms when it was born weight 5 Jessie said that he was the man in the world happiness 6 When he was a child he had several ill 7 Because of her Lucy failed the exam again care 8 The television is one of the of modern science wonderful 9 The man raised two fingers and tried hard to say something death 10 The electric lamp is one of Thomas Edison s inventor 11 James Watt was one of the greater at that time science 12 Mr Reagan over sixty lives in the swimming pool when he was a college student safely 13 Jason Silver us spoken English last year teacher 14 I ve never seen such fine draw 15 From then on George was to his roommates than before friend 16 Each of the will be given a VCD player win 17 Many soldiers gave their to their great motherland living 18 Sato is good at written English but rather poor in English speech 19 Be please sit 20 Uncle Tom often makes at home repair 21 for coming thankful 22 Life has changed greatly since the of the radio inventor 23 Why It s April Day today foolish 24 I m the three teacher I tech them Chinese painting France 25 All the on tie bus agreed that they should take the sick child to hospital at once pass 26 I m afraid most of your answers on the paper are correct 27 This paper box is You may throw it away useful 28 Those young men ate tired of eating fish for they are fish 29 Strange to say Bob is quite good at calculator 迈高教室九年级英语同步 辅导教材 11 30 Hey the handbag is not the announce 基础练习四 词形变化 1 Who is to day absence 2 Another great bridge will be put up the river next year cross 3 We have a lot of after school every day activity 4 Many famous and took part in the opening ceremony act 5 The shop decorates the shop with many beautiful to attract more customers advertise 6 The old man is still after many years disease live 7 It s quite that the Indian woman Shakuntala Devi could calculate so quickly amazing 8 If you go to Tokyo do not forget to visit the most interesting park in Asia the Asian Disney amuse 9 The students listened to their teacher in class attention 10 The abacus was first used to by Chinese people calculate 11 My father bought a for me as a birthday present calculation 12 Every body in Shanghai should learn to be a lovely city 13 Living without music or TV is comfortable 14 Let the students with each other in English as much s possible communication 15 People have got another kind form of e mail communicate 16 There will be a recitation in our school next month compete 17 Today counties are in the development of science and technology competition 18 Though he explained it again and again I still got Is there anything wrong with my understanding confuse 19 The people all over China Liu Xiang on his successful running congratulation 20 He received many letters of after winning the first prize in the national maths contest congratulate 21 Walking is the latest fitness crazy 22 The pop music made the young people craze 23 Nanjing Road Walkway is always with people from all parts of the world crowd 24 A of suspects were arrested by the policemen crowded 25 My brother goes every morning cycle 26 A lot of took part in the contest cyclist 27 It s to litter cigarette ends danger 28 The fire is usually very high in autumn in Australia It causes quite a lot of forest fires dangerous 29 The policemen to arrest the suspects right now decision 30 Think over and over before you make your decide 31 The volunteers are to go to the western parts to make their contribution determine 32 The United States of America is a country But China is still a one develop 33 With the of the country The people s life is getting better and better develop 34 The outside of the container is completely from the inside one difference 迈高教室九年级英语同步 辅导教材 12 35 These young pe0lple have good manners I m sure they have received good educational 36 Susan can t use that kind of skin cream because it has a strange on him affect 37 Good education him so he has been a man with good manners effect 38 People prefer air conditioner to electric fans People use more and more appliances at home such as electric kettles and microwaves electricity 39 The car has got a large so it moves fast engine 40 His ambition is to be a in the future engine 41 The life in my new house will certainly be enjoy 42 There is an information desk at the of the exhibition hall ent