澳大利亚英文简介.doc

1. The Location of Australia Australia is located in the south hemisphere, between equatorial South East Asia and the Antarctic.Its the largest island in the world and the smallest flattest and dried continent in the world . Being isolated from other major landmasses, Australia is a land of natural wonders . Its famous as a homeland of so many unique animals. Such as kangaroo, platypus, koala, and wombat.The Great Dividing Range , the Great Barrier Reef, Ayers Rock, the Twelves Apostles,the Gold Coast are all the wonderlands of Australia attracting many visitors around the world.2.The history of British Colonization Historically, Australia was a stolen land, stolen by the British colonists from the hands of its original owners-the Australian aborigines. These aborigines have been living in Australia for at least 18500 generations . they belong to over 500 different groups and have diversified aboriginal culture traditions.But as they all believe in dreaming or dream time . They are also called the Peoples of Dreaming. In 1788, the British colonists arrived in Australia in the First Fleet and announced the land to be Terra Nullius. Meaning an unowned wasteland. This name legitimate British colonization of Australia. Since then, convicts or criminals were transported to Australia and a number of separated British colonies were built there. New South Wales, Tasmania, Queensland were Established as convict colonies. Western Australia, established in 1829 as a free colony, became a convict colony for 19 years until 1896. 3. The impact of colonization The colonization changed the life of Australia aborigines. Through massacres and skirmishes , segregation, exclusion, and assimilation, the British colonists oppressed the peoples of the Dreaming. And made the history of the People of Dreaming a history of stolen land, stolen wages, stolen culture and stolen children. Today the Australia is definitely a independent and democratic country. The full name of the country is the commonwealth of Australia. In 1770, the Captain Cook, the British navigator announced Australia to be the British colony, and he is remembered as the father of the Australia.4. The Politics of Australia In 1901 , 6 formal British colonies in Australia announced to form a union, and named the union the Commonwealth. In 1931, the Commonwealth of Australia became independent from Australia. Today, the polity of Australia is a combination of British political system and the political system of the USA. And thats called Washminister form of polity. On the one hand, Australia like the USA, is a federation of 6 states. Namely Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania,Western Australia and South Australia. Camberra, the capital city and political center of the country. On the other hand, while the executive branch of government is headed by a governor- general on be