新理念5.0英语学习大厅综合教程第三册(Unit4).doc

综合教程部分第一单元：卷A 全新版第二版综合B3U4-A Part I Listening Comprehension ( 14 minutes ) Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear ten statements. Numbers 1 to 6 are based on Text A while the rest are based on Text B. Each statement will be read ONLY ONCE. Listen carefully and decide whether each statement is true or false. 1. A) T B) F Script: In 1905, at the age of 26 and five years before he was able to get a job as a professor of physics, Einstein published five of the most important papers in the history of science all written in his spare time. 正确答案： B 2. A) T B) F Script: Einstein proved that atoms and molecules existed. 正确答案： A 3. A) T B) F Script: Einstein argued that light came in little bits (later called “photons”) and thus laid the foundation for quantum mechanics. 正确答案： A 4. A) T B) F Script: Before Einstein, the last scientist who had such a creative outburst was Sir Isaac Newton. 正确答案： A 5. A) T B) F Script: The United Nations has declared 2008 “The World Year of Physics” to celebrate the 100th anniversary of Einsteins “miracle year”. 正确答案： B 6. A) T B) F Script: Einsteins brain looked quite different. 正确答案： B 7. A) T B) F Script: Einstein is remembered not just as a scientific genius, but also from tales of his warm personality, simple tastes and somewhat eccentric habits. 正确答案： A 8. A) T B) F Script: Einstein was slow in learning how to talk. 正确答案： A 9. A) T B) F Script: By the age of 17, Einstein already had a predilection for solving complicated problems in applied arithmetic. 正确答案： B 10. A) T B) F Script: An uncle, Jakob Einstein, an engineer, introduced Einstein to the joys of algebra. 正确答案： A Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written. Psychologists take opposing views on how external rewards, from warm praise to cold (11)_ , affect motivation and (12)_ . Behaviorists, who study the relation between actions and their (13)_ , argue that rewards can improve performance at work and school. Cognitive (14)_ , who study various aspects of mental life, (15)_ that rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence on (16)_ and gifts from others. The (17)_ view has gained many supporters especially among educators. But the careful use of (18)_ sparks creativity in grade school children, suggesting that properly presented inducements indeed aid inventiveness, according to a study in the June Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. If kids know theyre working for a reward and can focus on a relatively challenging task, they show the most creativity, says Robert Eisenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark. But its easy to kill creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating (19)_ for rewards. A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands out high grades for ordinary achievement ends up with uninspired students, Eisenberger holds. As an example of the latter point, he notes growing efforts at major universities to tighten grading standards and restore failing grades. In early grades, the use of so-called token economies, in which students handle changing problems and receive (20)_ toward valued rewards, shows promise in raising efforts and creativity, the Delaware psychologist claims. Script: Psychologists take opposing views on how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. Behaviorists, who study the relation between actions and their consequences, argue that rewards can improve performance at work and school. Cognitive researchers, who study various aspects of mental life, maintain that rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence on approval and gifts from others. The latter view has gained many supporters especially among educators. But the careful use of small monetary rewards sparks creativity in grade school children, suggesting that properly presented inducements indeed aid inventiveness, according to a study in the June Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. If kids know theyre working for a reward and can focus on a relatively challenging task, they show the most creativity, says Robert Eisenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark. But its easy to kill creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too much anticipation for rewards. A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands out high grades for ordinary achievement ends up with uninspired students, Eisenberger holds. As an example of the latter point, he notes growing efforts at major universities to tighten grading standards and restore failing grades. In early grades, the use of so-called token economies, in which students handle changing problems and receive performance-based points toward valued rewards, shows promise in raising efforts and creativity, the Delaware psychologist claims. 正确答案： cash 正确答案： creativity 正确答案： consequences 正确答案： researchers 正确答案： maintain 正确答案： approval 正确答案： latter 正确答案： small monetary rewards 正确答案： too much anticipation 正确答案： performance-based points Part II Reading Comprehension ( 25 minutes ) Section A Directions: In this section, there is a passage with several blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Albert Einstein was 21 . For the third night in a row, his baby son Hans, crying, kept the household 22 until dawn. When Albert finally 23 , it was time to get up and go to work. He couldnt 24 a day. He needed the job to support his young family. Walking 25 to the Patent Office, where he was a Technical Expert, Third Class, Albert worried about his mother. She was getting older and 26 , and she didnt 27 his marriage to Mileva. Relations were 28 . Albert 29 a passing shop window. His hair was a mess; he had forgotten to comb it again. Work. Family. 30 . Albert felt all the pressure and responsibility of any young husband and father. A) exhaustedB) disdainC) awakeD) dozed off E) skipF) brisklyG) passionatelyH) frail I) baffleJ) approve ofK) glanced atL) intuition M) stimulateN) Making ends meetO) strained 21._ 正确答案： A 22._ 正确答案： C 23._ 正确答案： D 24._ 正确答案： E 25._ 正确答案： F 26._ 正确答案： H 27._ 正确答案： J 28._ 正确答案： O 29._ 正确答案： K 30._ 正确答案： N Section B Directions: There are several passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice. Passage One Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage. For about three centuries we have been doing science, trying science out, using science for the construction of what we call modern civilization. Every dispensable item of contemporary technology, from canal locks to dial telephones to penicillin, was pieced together from the analysis of data provided by one or another series of scientific experiments. Three hundred years seems a long time for testing a new approach to human inter-living, long enough to set back for critical appraisal of the scientific method, maybe even long enough to vote on whether to go on with it or not. There is an argument. Voices have been raised in protest since the beginning, rising in pitch and violence in the 19th century during the early stages of the industrial revolution, summoning urgent crowds into the streets on the issue of nuclear energy. Give it back, say some of the voices, It doesnt really work, weve tried it and it doesnt work. Go back three hundred years and start again on something else less chancy for the race of man. The principal discoveries in this century, taking all in all, are the glimpses of the depth of our ignorance of nature. Things that used to seem clear and rational, and matters of absolute certainty Newtonian mechanics, for example have slipped through our fingers; and we are left with a new set of gigantic puzzles, cosmic uncertainties, and ambiguities. Some of the laws of physics are amended every few years; some are canceled outright; some undergo revised versions of legislative intent as if they were acts of Congress. Just thirty years ago we call it a biological revolution when the fantastic geometry of the DNA molecule was exposed to public view and the linear language of genetics was decoded. For a while, things seemed simple and clear: the cell was a neat little machine, a mechanical device ready for taking to pieces and reassembling, like a tiny watch. But just in the last few years it has become almost unbelievably complex, filled with strange parts whose functions are beyond todays imagining. It is not just that there is more to do, there is everything to do. What lies ahead, or what can lie ahead if the efforts in basic research are continued, is much more than the conquest of human disease or the improvement of agricultural technology or the cultivation of nutrients in the sea. As we learn more about fundamental processes of living things in general we will learn more about ourselves. 31. What CANNOT be inferred from the first paragraph? A) Scientific experiments in the past three hundred years have produced many valuable items. B) For three hundred years there have been people holding a hostile attitude toward science. C) Modern civilization depends on science so man supports scientific progress unanimously. D) Some people think three hundred years is not long enough to set back for critical appraisal of scientific method. 正确答案： C 32. The principal discovery in this century shows _. A) man has overthrown Newtons laws of physics B) man has solved a new set of gigantic puzzles C) man has lost many scientific discoveries D) man has given up some of the once accepted theories 正确答案： D 33. Now scientists have found in the past few years _. A) the exposure of DNA to the public is unnecessary B) the tiny cell in DNA is a neat little machine C) man knows nothing about DNA D) man has much to learn about DNA 正确答案： D 34. The writers main purpose in writing the passage is to say that _. A) science is just at its beginning B) science has greatly improved mans life C) science has made profound progress D) science has done too little to human beings 正确答案： A 35. The writers attitude towards science is _. A) critical B) approving C) neutral D) regretful 正确答案： C Passage Two Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage. Our culture has caused most Americans to assume not only that our language is universal but that the gestures we use are understood by everyone. We do not realize that waving good-bye is the way to summon a person to ones side in the Philippines, or that in Italy and some Latin-American countries, curling the finger to oneself is a sign of farewell. Those private citizens who sent packages to our troops occupying Germany after World War II and marked them GIFT to escape duty payments did not bother to find out that Gift means poison in German. Moreover, we like to think of ourselves as friendly, yet we prefer to be at least 3 feet or an arms length away from others. Latins and Middle Easterners like to come closer and touch, which makes Americans uncomfortable. Our linguistic and cultural blindness and the casualness with which we take notice of the developed tastes, gestures, customs and language of other countries, are losing us friends, business and respect in the world. Even here in the United States, we make few concessions to the needs of foreign visitors. There are no information signs in four language on our public buildings or monuments; we do not have multilingual (多语的) guided tours. Very few restaurant menus have translations, and multilingual waiters, bank clerks and policemen are rare. Our transportation systems have maps in English only and often we ourselves have difficulty understanding them. When we go abroad, we tend to cluster in hotels and restaurants where English is spoken. The attitudes and information we pick up are conditioned by those natives usually the richer who speak English. Our business dealings, as well as the nations diplomacy, are conducted through interpreters. For many years, America and Americans could get by with cultural blindness and linguistic ignorance. After all, America was the most powerful country of the world, the distributor of needed funds and goods. But all that is past. American dollars no longer buy all good things, and we are slowly beginning to realize that our proper role in the world is changing. A 1979 Harris poll reported that 55 percent of Americans want this country to play a more significant role in world affairs; we want to have a hand in the important decisions of the next century, even tough it may not always be the upper hand. 36. It can be inferred that Americans being approached too closely by Middle Easterners would most probably _. A) stand still B) jump aside C) step forward D) draw back 正确答案： D 37. The author gives many examples to criticize Americans for their _. A) cultural self-centeredness B) casual manners C) indifference towards foreign visitors D) arrogance towards other cultures 正确答案： A 38. In countries other than their own most Americans _. A) are isolated by the local people B) are not well informed due to the language barrier C) tend to get along well with the natives D) need interpreters in hotels and restaurants 正确答案： B 39. According to the author, Americans cultural blindness and linguistic ignorance will _. A) affect their image in the new era B) cut themselves off from the outside world C) limit their role in world affairs D) weaken the position of the US dollar 正确答案： C 40. The authors intention in writing this article is to make Americans realize that _. A) it is dangerous to ignore their foreign friends B) it is important to maintain their leading role in world affairs C) it is necessary to use several languages in public places D) it is time to get acquainted with other cultures 正确答案： D Part III Vocabulary and Structure ( 11 minutes ) Directions: There are a number of incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. 41. People appreciate _ with him because he has a good sense of humor. A) to work B) to have worked C) working D) having worked 正确答案： C 42. He gives people the impression _ all his life abroad. A) of having spent B) to have spent C) of being spent D) to spend 正确答案： A 43. The students writing shows plenty of _. A) insensitivity B) insensibility C) indifference D) imagination 正确答案： D 44. You will never know what a(n) _ she was to all around her. A) admiration B) inspiration C) calculation D) innocence 正确答案： B 45. He could _ her face at will. A) scatter B) isolate C) confuse D) evoke 正确答案： D 46. A small child has to learn to keep its _ before he can walk far. A)