初中英语语法概述

初中英语语法概述初中英语语法概述 1 1 同步知识梳理同步知识梳理 摩天大楼都是由钢筋和一块块砖瓦共同建造起来的 即使有再多的砖瓦 没有钢筋 不管 几层楼都建不成 更不要说是摩天大 楼了 同理 英语学习也是一样 我们可以做个类比 电影 碟中谍 4 在世界 最高楼 迪拜塔拍摄的场 景 喂 你说这帅锅爬这 么高的楼他害不害怕 呀 我哪知道 我对帅锅不 感兴趣 我只想知道这 么高的楼 是怎么盖成 的呀 由此类比可知 如果把英语比作一栋摩天大楼 那语法就是钢筋 词汇就是一块块的砖瓦 缺少了语法 光有词汇的堆砌 是不能进行正确的英语表达的 所以 同学们 请拒绝 Broken English 用心去建造我们自己的语言大楼吧 在正式动工之前 我们需要先开启 英语语法学习之旅 知识点知识点 1 1 语法概说语法概说 语言通常包括三部分 即语音 词汇和语法 语法 简单的说就是一套系统并完善的语言 规则 即按照这种我们可以将词汇串联起来构成句子 知识点知识点 2 2 英语语法的构成 英语语法的构成 摩天大楼摩天大楼 钢筋钢筋砖瓦砖瓦 英语 语法 词汇 语言 语音 词汇 语法 知识点知识点 3 3 词法的相关概念 词法的相关概念 1 1 英语的词类及其划分英语的词类及其划分 英语中主要有十大词类 分别是名词 代词 动词 形容词 副词 数词 冠词 介词 连词和感叹词 2 2 词形变化词形变化 同学们 英语中大部分的词汇用在具体语境中 都会 变身 哦 知识点知识点 4 4 句法的相关概念 句法的相关概念 1 1 句子的成分句子的成分 词法 主要研究词类 性质 词形变 化以及词的用 法 英语语法 句法 主要研究句子 种类和结构 哈哈 看我会 72 变已 经很厉害了吧 原来比 我还能变的是英语单词 啊 1 Diagram 2 动词动词 第三人称单 数 过去式 过去分词 现在分词 1 名词名词 单复数变化 4 数词数词 基数词 序数词 3 代词代词 主格 宾格 形容词性物 主代词 6 冠词冠词 不定冠词 定冠词 零冠词 5 形容词 副形容词 副 词词 原级 比较级 最高级 主语 谓语 主谓一致原则 主谓一致原则 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补足语 句子成分 主要成分 次要成分 2 2 句子的分类句子的分类 二 同步例题分析二 同步例题分析 知识点知识点 1 词法题 词法题 例例 1 13 南京南京 1 Do you know Mo Yan Of course He won the 2012 Nobel Prize for Literature B the age of 57 A in B at C on D to 例例 2 13 常州常州 1 Have you got any books on English grammar I want to borrow A Yes here you are But you must return it by Friday A one B it C some D that 例例 3 13 苏州苏州 7 Paul made a nice cage D the little sick bird till it could fly A keep B kept C keeping D to keep 例例 4 13 南京南京 4 Linda s father hates waiting in long lines I think he s just not very A A patient B talented C popular D powerful 知识点知识点 2 句法题 句法题 例例 1 13 南京南京 9 D weather it is We can t go boating on the Xuanwu Lake Don t worry Let s go to the Science Museum instead A What good B How good C How bad D What bad 例例 2 13 常州常州 9 How soon will you start your journey I m not sure I haven t decided B A when shall I ask the boss for leave B where I will go to spend the holiday C whether I would go by train or by plane D who could invite me to go 例例 3 13 南京南京 7 There C still some apple juice in the fridge It s 结构上结构上功能上功能上 简单句简单句 并列句并列句 复合句复合句 陈述句陈述句 疑问句疑问句 祈使句祈使句 感叹句感叹句 not necessary for us to go to the supermarket now A was B were C is D Are 3 课堂达标检测课堂达标检测 检测题检测题 1 Excuse me is there B book by Mo Yan Yes It s on bookshelf over there A a B a the C the D the a 检测题检测题 2 Wow You ve got so many clothes But D of them are in fashion now A all B both C neither D None 检测题检测题 3 If I am wanted in the telephone ask him to leave a A A message B letter C diary D sentence 检测题检测题 4 My grandmother B in Yangzhou She was born there and has never lived anywhere else A lived B lives C was living D will live 检测题检测题 5 Could you tell me D More than a year A how soon will Yangzhou Taizhou Airport be built B how long has Yangzhou Taizhou Airport been in service C how soon Yangzhou Taizhou Airport will be built D how long Yangzhou Taizhou Airport has been in service 检测题检测题 6 Eagle Father was so D with his son that he kept the four year old son running in the snow without clothes A leased B sorry C careful D strict 检测题检测题 7 I ll go to the USA next month D for A Why B How C Which D What 初中英语语法考点 词法和句法 初中英语语法考点 词法和句法 1 专题精讲专题精讲 语法考点一 语法考点一 词法考点词法考点 知识点知识点 1 名词 名词 批注 名词是英语中一大实词 是中考中的重要考点 前几年的中考中 名词的考察偏重批注 名词是英语中一大实词 是中考中的重要考点 前几年的中考中 名词的考察偏重 单复数 名词所有格等考点 但是近几年的趋势是重点考察名词词义的辨析 单复数 名词所有格等考点 但是近几年的趋势是重点考察名词词义的辨析 例例 1 13 南京 南京 Mr White the principal has made a great A to the growth of the school A contribution B progress C invention D protection 例例 2 12 南京 南京 Justin Bieber s first single One Time is about one of his favourite topic puppy time 解析 该题考查名词的单复数问题 选项中出现了解析 该题考查名词的单复数问题 选项中出现了 one of 的固定句型 答案的固定句型 答案 是是 topics 例例 3 12 苏州 苏州 I am sure Cindy will be able to find the hotel she has a pretty good D of direction A idea B feeling C experience D sense 知识点知识点 2 代词 代词 批注 近五年中考对代词的考查主要集中在不定代词上 主要考察它们的含义和相互间的批注 近五年中考对代词的考查主要集中在不定代词上 主要考察它们的含义和相互间的 功能差别 所以需要掌握这一点 排除语境干扰 功能差别 所以需要掌握这一点 排除语境干扰 名词 名词的格 名词分类 s 格 of 格 双重所有格 普通名词 专有名词 可数名词 不可数名词 用以表示人 事 物 时间 地点 或抽象概念的名 称 代词 人称代词 主格和宾格 物主代词 形容词性物主代词 名词性物主代词 反身代词 指示代词 疑问代词 不定代词 普通不定代词 复合不定代词 例例 1 12 南京 南京 Peter is so imaginative that most students recommend 他 as the chairperson of the Science Club 例例 2 12 扬州 扬州 A latest Yangzhou Daily please Only one copy left Would you like to have B sir A one B it C this D that 例例 3 13 南京南京 Hi guys How was your party yesterday Wonderful We had a big meal and enjoyed D A themselves B myself C yourselves D ourselves 例例 4 13 无锡 无锡 How long does it take to get to the airport Forty minutes But it s foggy today I m not sure A the highway will closes soon Let s set off earlier A whetherB whenC howD why 知识点知识点 3 冠词 冠词 例例 1 12 南京 南京 What do you want to be when you grow up I want to be A social worker Many people are in great need of our help A a B an C the D 不填 例例 2 11 南京 南京 一 What do you usually have for D breakfast Peter 一 A fried egg three pieces of bread and a glass of milk A a B an C the D 不填 例例 3 13 苏州 苏州 冠词 定冠词 the 不定冠词 a an 零冠词 不用冠词 与 this that these those 同源 表示特定的人 或物 用作特指 意 即 这个 那个 这些 那些 用于单数名词前 与 one 同源 表示 微弱的 一 的概 念 用于泛指事物 一 Hurry up or we ll be late 一 Take your time it s just short distance from here to C cinema A the B the a C a the D a 知识点知识点 4 数词 数词 批注 在近几年的中考题中 数词基本要占到一分的分值 经常出现在单词的适当形式填批注 在近几年的中考题中 数词基本要占到一分的分值 经常出现在单词的适当形式填 空题型中 空题型中 例例 1 13 南京 南京 The Eiffel Tower a cultural icon of France was completed at the end of the nineteen century 12 南京 南京 I got a new bicycle from my father on my sixteen birthday I like it very much 解析 上面两题考查的都是序数词的基本用法 答案分别是解析 上面两题考查的都是序数词的基本用法 答案分别是 nineteenth sixteenth 例例 2 13 常州 常州 Excuse me how far is the museum Only 三 stops away 13 扬州 扬州 Jim s parents will celebrate their years of marriage this Sunday 四十 解析 上面两题考查的都是基数词的基本用法 答案分别是解析 上面两题考查的都是基数词的基本用法 答案分别是 three forty 知识点知识点 5 介词 介词 例例 1 13 无锡 无锡 Ice is not often seen here in winter as the temperature normally stays C zero A upB downC aboveD below 例例 2 11 南京南京 The wedding of Prince William was held in Westminster Cathedral C April 29 2011 数词 基数词 序数词 变化规则以及各自的用法 介词 时间介词 方位介词 介词与动词 名词 形容词的搭配 地点介词 A at B in C on D by 例例 3 13 苏州 苏州 Sandy is a real book lover and she often brings home many books to read D the library A in B for C by D From 知识点知识点 6 连词 连词 批注 关于连词这一考点其实是渗透在后面的句法考点中的 这里只做概念上的了解 基批注 关于连词这一考点其实是渗透在后面的句法考点中的 这里只做概念上的了解 基 础好的学生可以做补充 础好的学生可以做补充 例例 1 13 南京南京 Finish your homework D you can t play computer games Jim All right Mum A but B till C and D or 例例 2 11 南京南京 They will try their best in the Dragon Boat Racing B they may fail A if B although C unless D until 例例 3 13 玄武一模 玄武一模 They speak perfect English How long have they learnt it A they were seven years old A Since B When C After D Until 知识点知识点 7 形容词和副词 形容词和副词 批注 形容词和副词的考点往往是联系在一起的 它们的用法有区别也有联系 当然也可批注 形容词和副词的考点往往是联系在一起的 它们的用法有区别也有联系 当然也可 连词 常用连词 辨析 连词分类 when while so that such that and or however but because 并列连词 从属连词 连词也属虚词 用来 连接词与词 句子与 句子 不能单独用 连接同一性质 有着 相同语法功能的词 在句中表联合 选择 转折 因果关系 连接不同性质并具有 主从关系的两部分的 连词 常引导状语从 句和名词从句 以相互转化 在教授时 建议将两者进行比较讲解 以相互转化 在教授时 建议将两者进行比较讲解 例例 1 13 无锡 无锡 What do you think of his new design It s of even C practical value than the old one He s just a bookworm A greaterB greatC lessD little 例例 2 13 南京 南京 Miss Li is a kind teacher and she always talks to us gentle 解析 该题考查的是形容词和副词的相互转化 答案是解析 该题考查的是形容词和副词的相互转化 答案是 gently 例例 3 13 苏州 苏州 Peter speaks Chinese well indeed but of course not A a local speaker in China A so fluently as B more fluent than C as fluent as D much fluently than 知识点知识点 8 动词 动词 批注 学好动词是英语学习的关键 中考中很多题型都涉及到动词的用法 掌握好动词的批注 学好动词是英语学习的关键 中考中很多题型都涉及到动词的用法 掌握好动词的 运用 我们就能在中考中得到较为重要的作用 这里要特别强调学好动词的重要性 近几运用 我们就能在中考中得到较为重要的作用 这里要特别强调学好动词的重要性 近几 年考动词词义辨析的题目变多 需引起注意 年考动词词义辨析的题目变多 需引起注意 例例 1 13 南京 南京 Millie where is Miss Li She C a speech on Chinese art to the first year students in the hall A gives B gave C is giving D has given 例例 2 13 南京 南京 It s said that an Asian Culture Village C inside the AYG Village in Nanjing in the coming Asian Youth Games period 形容词 副词 三级跳 原级 比较级 最高级 变化规则 er est r st 双写 er est 去 y 加 ier iest 前加 more the most 形容词变副词的变化规则 ly 去 y 加 ily le 变为 ly 特殊形式 以 ly 结尾的形容词 动词动词 动词的种类动词的种类动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态 1 八种时态及用法 八种时态及用法 2 五种基本形式 五种基本形式 3 被动语态 被动语态 4 主动语态和被动 主动语态和被动 语态的转换语态的转换 5 使役动词的用法 使役动词的用法 行为动词行为动词 系动词系动词 助动词助动词 情态动词情态动词 非谓语动词非谓语动词 动词不定式 动名词 分词 现在分词和过去分 词 A builds B is building C will be built D was built 例例 3 12 南京 南京 Have you decided which senior high school to choose Not yet I B go to Moonlight School A must B may C need D should 例例 4 13 无锡无锡 There was a fire in the hotel around midnight last Friday Luckily it was soon D A turned onB turned offC put on D put out 知识点知识点 9 构词法 构词法 批注 此部分概念只做了解 但是要提醒学生转换词是中考考试的重点 批注 此部分概念只做了解 但是要提醒学生转换词是中考考试的重点 语法考点二 语法考点二 句法考点句法考点 知识点知识点 1 简单句 简单句 批注 这部分考点中 疑问句 祈使句以及感叹句是考试的重点 特别是感叹句 是近几批注 这部分考点中 疑问句 祈使句以及感叹句是考试的重点 特别是感叹句 是近几 年考的较多的一点 年考的较多的一点 简单句简单句 陈述句 疑问句 祈使句 感叹句 肯定句 否定句 一般疑问句 特殊疑问句 选择疑问句 反意疑问句 祈使句的结构 祈使句的否定 改反意疑问句 What 引导的感叹句 How 引导的感叹句 派生 词 词根 外来 词 构词 分类 合成 词 缩合 词 转化 词 不可再拆分 词缀构成新词 词根 词缀 原词转变词性 从两个或多个词 中各取一部分构 成新词 由其他语言 舶来 两个独立词 相加 例例 1 13 苏州 苏州 A a beautiful car I ve never seen it before A What B Which C How D Whether 例例 2 13 扬州 扬州 Jim A read books while you are walking in the street It s very dangerous OK thank you A don t B doesn t C won t D can t 知识点知识点 2 并列句 并列句 批注 该考点近几年考察的较少批注 该考点近几年考察的较少 例例 1 10 南京 南京 I don t think your uncle really likes drama series No D he still watches the programme A and B so C or D but 知识点知识点 3 复合句 复合句 批注 近几年的中考题中出现较多的是宾语从句 状语从句考点 部分城市会考定语从句 批注 近几年的中考题中出现较多的是宾语从句 状语从句考点 部分城市会考定语从句 但都是简单的关系副词和关系代词的区分 但都是简单的关系副词和关系代词的区分 并列句并列句 1 结构 简单句 并列 连词 简单句 2 常见连词 and but or so for 复合句复合句 宾语从句 1 主句与从句时态一致 2 语序 3 引导词 4 否定前移 5 直接引语和间接引语 定语从句 关系代词的用法 关系副词的用法 状语从句 时间状语从句 条件状语从句 原因状语从句 目的状语从句 结果状语从句 例例 1 12 南京 南京 Peter is there anything else you want to know about China Yes I am still wondering C A how is Chinese paper cut made B how was the Great Wall built in ancient times C why the Chinese people like to play the dragon dance D why do the Chinese people eat rice dumplings at Dragon Boat Festival 11 南京 南京 Most children are interested in amazing things and they wonder D A when can they see UFOs B how can elephants walk on tiptoe C why do fish sleep with their eyes open D why there is no plant life without lightning 例例 2 12 无锡 无锡 The old theatre will close soon D extra donations are made A so B if C because D Unless 例例 3 13 鼓楼二模 鼓楼二模 When are you going to fly to Taiwan this summer D we finish school It will be a great holiday A Because B Since C Even though D Only if 例例 4 After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town B he grew up as a child A which B where C that D when 解析 该题考查复合句中的限定性定语从句 先行词解析 该题考查复合句中的限定性定语从句 先行词 the small town 放入从句放入从句 为为 he grew up in the small town as a child 先行词短语结构在从句中作地点状语 先行词短语结构在从句中作地点状语 相关意思引导词 固定关系引导词用相关意思引导词 固定关系引导词用 where 随意性关系引导词用随意性关系引导词用 in which 答案选答案选 B 二 专题过关二 专题过关 检测题 一 词法过关检测题 一 词法过关 1 单项选择 单项选择 1 Now all of us exercise at D least hour a day in and outside school A the a B a an C 不填 a D 不填 an 2 In some western countries shops are closed C weekends A in B to C at D with 地点状语从句 让步状语从句 3 Every time we perform well our teacher will say B You ve done a good job A clearly B cheerfully C calmly D carefully 4 Would you like some juice or bread A I m really thirsty and hungry after such a long walk A Both B Either C Nothing D None 5 The students are B the leaflets to people over there to ask them to protect our earth A printing out B giving out C selling out D putting out 6 We couldn t find you anywhere around 8 00 yesterday evening I m sorry for it My mother and I C in the square A danced B will dance C were dancing D are dancing 7 Can I walk across the road now mum No you C You have to wait until the light turns green A couldn t B shouldn t C mustn t D needn t 8 Bob often says that swimming is A than hiking in reducing weight but he always spends more time on swimming A less useful B less interesting C more useful D more interesting 2 用所给词的正确形式填空 用所给词的正确形式填空 1 The weather in January here is not as cold and as in the north snow 2 The villagers are fighting against the flood that they have ever had in the past fifty years heavy 3 The old town attracts of foreign visitors every year thousand 4 Mary comes from England and her old school is smaller than our 5 These many people are talking about the of food safe 解析 解析 第一题考查的是构词法中名词变形容词的考点 答案是第一题考查的是构词法中名词变形容词的考点 答案是 snowy 第二题考查的是形容词的基本用法 答案是第二题考查的是形容词的基本用法 答案是 heavy 第三题考查的是基数词的用法 答案是第三题考查的是基数词的用法 答案是 thousands 第四题考查的是名词性物主代词的用法 答案是第四题考查的是名词性物主代词的用法 答案是 ours 第五题考查的是构词法中形容词变名词的考点第五题考查的是构词法中形容词变名词的考点 答案是答案是 safety 检测题 二 句法过关检测题 二 句法过关 1 The advantages of the Chongqi Bridge have already been seen A good news to us A What B What a C How D How a 2 D do you write a letter to your father I seldom or never do that now Instead I call or email him almost every day A How soon B How long C How much D How often 3 Could you tell me B I d like to take part in it On July 5th A when will the fashion show be held B when the fashion show will be held C where will the fashion show be held D where the fashion show will be held 4 Song Ying is B kind that she has donated almost all her savings to a charity A very B so C much D Such 解析 该题考查的是结果状语从句 答案选解析 该题考查的是结果状语从句 答案选 B 注意讲解注意讲解 so that 和和 such as 的区别 的区别 语法运用 语法运用 A 篇篇 Steve Jobs the founder and former CEO of Apple passed away on October 5th 2011 at the age of fifty six a 72 a seven year long battle with cancer when every Apple fan was waiting for the next s 73 What is Jobs best remembered for Many of us would name some great products the iPod the iTouch the iPhone or the iPad They have c 74 the way we enjoy music television and even books But Jobs brought much more to the world than these p 75 products As a s 76 businessman Jobs passion and energy encouraged the world He told us to do what you love He said The o 77 thing that keeps me going is that I love what I do He believed People with passion can change the world f 78 the better Jobs made computers interesting and easy to u 79 His iPhone iPad and iTouch are popular a 80 the world People say Jobs sold dreams not products As the US president Barack Obama said Jobs was brave enough to think differently bold 大胆 的 enough to b 81 he could change the world and talented enough to do it Keys after 理解语境 词汇运用 理解语境 词汇运用 73 surprise 理解语境 词汇运用 理解语境 词汇运用 74 changed 理解语境 理解语境 词汇运用 词汇运用 75 popular 理解语境 词汇运用 理解语境 词汇运用 76 successful 理解语境 词汇运用 理解语境 词汇运用 77 only 副词的考察 联系上下文 副词的考察 联系上下文 78 for 理解语境 词汇运用理解语境 词汇运用 79 use 理解语境