RIP中控制度量分析实验.doc

实验七RIP中控制度量分析实验实验目的：掌握RIPv1的备份链路的度量控制方法的配置，理解配置了度量控制后的RIP路由表。实验内容：通过配置备份链路，理解RIP度量的特性，以及如何修改RIP的度量，使备份链路只在主链路发生故障时才起用。F1/1:192.168.12.65/27F1/0:192.168.83.1/24F1/2:192.168.12.195/2710.33.14.1/20Gw: 10.33.5.1F1/0:10.33.5.1/20F1/1:192.168.3.244/24R1R2R4PC1PC210.33.40.1/20Gw: 10.33.35.1.1S0/0:10.33.25.2/20F1/1:192.168.12.196/271/24F1/0:10.33.35.1/20S0/0:10.33.25.1/20实验平台：dynamips， windows平台，PC机实验步骤：在如上图所示的拓朴中，先为各路由器配置接口IP，然后在各路由器上配置RIP路由协议，使得PC1、PC2相互之间可以连通。在对R1进行配置之前，在R1的S0/0端口和R4的S0/0端口上抓包：Dynagen=capture R1 S0/0 rip1.pcap hdlcDynagen=capture R4 S0/0 rip2.pcap hdlc1、对于各串行链路，如R1，配置接口如下：R1#conf tR1(config)#int s0/0R1(config-if)#ip add 10.33.25.1 255.255.240.0R1(config-if)#clock rate 252000R1(config-if)#no shR1(config-if)#end对于各快速以太网接口，如R1，配置接口IP地址如下：R1#conf tR1(config)#int f1/0R1(config-if)#no switchportR1(config-if)#ip add 10.33.5.1 255.255.240.0R1(config-if)#no shR1(config-if)#end 2、配置RIP路由协议：在R1上配置RIP路由协议如下：R1#conf tR1(config)#router ripR1(config)#network 10.0.0.0R1(config)#network 192.168.83.0R1(config)#end3、在对三台路由器都配置了RIP协议之后，查看R2的路由表：R2#show ip route并粘贴各路由器的路由表：R2Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2 i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2 ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static routeGateway of last resort is not set 192.168.12.0/27 is subnetted, 2 subnetsC 192.168.12.64 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/1C 192.168.12.192 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/2C 192.168.83.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/04、配置R1-R2-R4链路上的辅助地址，使R1到网络10.33.32.0/20的下一跳为R2，并使R2能正确地路由转发到该子网的数据包，各接口的辅助IP地址如下表所示：接口 辅助地址R1 F1/110.33.50.1/20R2 F1/010.33.50.2/20R2 F1/210.33.66.1/20R4 F1/110.33.66.2/201）接口辅助地址的配置方法：R1#conf tR1(config)#int f1/1R1(config-if)#ip add 10.33.50.1 255.255.240.0 secondary其他几个接口上的辅助地址配置方法完全相类似，不再重复。2）在路由器R2上，在配置RIPv1协议时，还得声明网络10.0.0.0：R2#conf tR2(config)#router ripR2(config)#network 192.168.12.0R2(config)#network 192.168.83.0R2(config)#network 10.0.0.03)分别查看R1、R4上的路由表，找出从R1到10.33.32.0/20的路由和从R4到10.33.0.0/20的路由：R1#show ip route结果为：R1路由表：R 10.33.32.0 120/1 via 10.33.25.2, 00:00:07, Serial0/0 R4路由表：R 10.33.0.0 120/1 via 10.33.25.1, 00:00:22, Serial0/04）再从R1 ping PC2，在R1上用调试命令debug ip packet detail查看，数据包经过R1的哪个接口转发：第一条：*Mar 1 00:53:55.427: IP: s=192.168.83.1 (FastEthernet1/1), d=255.255.255.255, len 72, rcvd 2*Mar 1 00:53:55.431: UDP src=520, dst=520*Mar 1 00:53:55.463: IP: s=10.33.50.2 (FastEthernet1/1), d=255.255.255.255, len 112, rcvd 2*Mar 1 00:53:55.467: UDP src=520, dst=520第二条：*Mar 1 00:54:51.855: IP: s=10.33.25.1 (local), d=255.255.255.255 (Serial0/0), len 72, sending broad/multicast*Mar 1 00:54:51.859: UDP src=520, dst=520*Mar 1 00:55:10.515: IP: s=10.33.5.1 (local), d=255.255.255.255 (FastEthernet1/0), len 172, sending broad/multicast*Mar 1 00:55:10.515: UDP src=520, dst=5205）为使数据包在正常情况下在R1上经R2转发，需要降低链路R1-R4的度量，为此，使用如下命令调整该链路的度量值：Offset-list access-list-number in|out offset 接口可将这个命令分别用于R1与R4，改变从R1到10.33.32.0/20经R1R4间的串行链路的路由度量，同样也可改变从R4到10.33.0.0/20经R4R1的串行链路的路由的度量。在R4上配置如下：R4#conf tR4(config)#access-list 3 permit 10.33.0.0 0.0.0.0R4(config)#router ripR4(config)#offset-list 3 in 2 s0/0上述配置意思是说：对于从接口S0/0收到的RIP路由更新，如果有与10.33.0.0匹配的路由，则将路由度量加2.同样，在R1上配置如下：R1#conf tR1(config)#access-list 3 permit 10.33.32.0 0.0.0.0R1(config)#router ripR1(config)#offset-list 3 in 2 s0/06）再分别在R1与R4上查看路由表，分别找出从R1到10.33.32.0/20的路由：从R1到10.33.32.0/20的路由：R 10.33.32.0 120/2 via 10.33.25.2, 00:00:12, Serial0/0从R4到10.33.0.0/20的路由：R 10.33.0.0 120/2 via 10.33.66.1, 00:00:05, FastEthernet1/17）再从R1 ping PC2,在R1上用命令debug ip packte detail查看，数据包经过哪个接口转发：R1#debug ip packet detail*Mar 1 01:03:11.755: IP: s=192.168.83.1 (FastEthernet1/1), d=255.255.255.255, len 72, rcvd 2*Mar 1 01:03:11.755: UDP src=520, dst=520*Mar 1 01:03:11.759: IP: s=10.33.50.2 (FastEthernet1/1), d=255.255.255.255, len 112, rcvd 2*Mar 1 01:03:11.763: UDP src=520, dst=5208）用命令shutdown关闭R1的F1/1接口，再重复第7）步，这时数据包从哪个接口转发：R1#debug ip packet detailR1#*Mar 1 01:05:42.567: IP: s=10.33.25.2 (Serial0/0), d=255.255