主语从句详解

主语从句详解主语从句详解 一 概述一 概述 在句子中起名词作用的各种从句统称为名词性从句 根据它们在句中的语法作用 这类从句 又可分为主语从句 同位语从句 表语从句和宾语从句 二 主语从句主要有四类二 主语从句主要有四类 1 由连词 that 引导的主语从句 引导词 that 无含义 在句中不做成分 不可以省 例如 That you will win the medal seems unlikely That you are so indifferent bothers me That she survived the accident is a miracle 2 用连词 whether 引导的主语从句 whether 有含义 是否 在句中不做成分 不可以省 注意 引导主语从句 不能用 if 只能用 whether 例如 Whether we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather Whether she is coming or not doesn t matter too much 3 用连接代词引导的主语从句 在由连接代词 who whose whom which what whoever whomever whichever whatever 引导 的名词性从句中 其连接代词在句中起名词性作用 担当一定成分 例如 What you need is more practice What I want to know is this Whatever we do is to serve the people 注 whatever whoever 的功用 whatever whoever 在主语从句中不含疑问意义 它引导主语从句 并在从句中作主语 宾语 表语等 whatever anything that whoever anyone who 要注意和 whatever whoever 引导的让步状语 从句的区别 Whoever breaks the law should be punished 主语从句 Anyone who breaks the law should be punished Whoever breaks the law he should be punished 让步状语从句 No matter who breaks the law he should be punished 4 用连接副词 when where why how 引导名词性从句 其连接副词有含义 在句中作状语 例如 Where we should leave it is a problem When they will come hasn t been made pubic 三 注意点三 注意点 it 构成的主语从句构成的主语从句 1 由连词 that 引导的主语从句 在多数情况下放到句子的后面 而用代词 it 作形式主语 例如 That light travels in straight lines is known to all It is known to all that light travels in straight lines When the plane is to take off has not been announced It has not been announced when the plane is to take off 但当 what 引导的主语从句表示 的东西 时 一般不用 it 作形式主语 错 It is a book what he wants 对 What he wants is a book 另外 需要注意的是 it 作形式主语代替主语从句时 要注意和 as 引导的定语从句的区别 试 比较 It was reported that the US was under the terrorist attack As was reported the US was under the terrorist attack 2 常见用 it 作形式主语的复合句结构 A It is 名词 从句 It is a fact that 事实是 It is good news that 是好消息 It is a question that 是个问题 It is common knowledge that 是常识 类似的名词还有 a pity a wonder a good thing no wonder surprise 等 例如 It is a mystery to me how it all happened It is common knowledge that the whale is not a fish It is no surprise that Bob should have won the game It s a pity that you missed the film B It is 形容词 从句 It is necessary that 有必要 It is clear that 很清楚 It is likely that 很可能 It is important that 重要的是 类似的形容词还有 Strange natural obvious true good wonderful possible unlikely quite unusual certain evident worth while surprising interesting astonishing etc 例如 It is doubtful whether she will be able to come It was really astonishing that he refused to talk to you It is essential that he should be here by the weekend It seems obvious that we cannot go on like this It is necessary that you should master the computer It is important that a student learn English well It is likely that a hurricane will arrive soon 需要注意的是 这类主语从句中 谓语动词很多为 should 动词原形 即要用虚拟语 气 C It is 过去分词 从句 It is said that 据说 It is reported that 据报道 It has been proved that 已证明 It must be proved that 必须指出 类似的过去分词还有 known estimated expected believed thought hoped noted discussed required decided suggested demanded made clear found out etc 例如 It is thought that he is the best player It is estimated that the vase is 2000 years old It is used to be thought that a new star must be due to a collision between two stars It has not been made clear when the new road is to be opened to traffic It is said that he was killed in the earthquake D It seems happened appears doesn t matter makes no difference occurred that It seems that they will win the game It makes no difference whether he will attend the meeting or not It does not matter if I missed my train It happened that I saw him yesterday 主从练习 1 as much as one fifth of all timber harvested is not used A The estimate B The estimated C They are estimated D It is estimated that 2 some mammals came to live in the sea is not known A Which B Since C Although D How 3 we have achieved is attributed to the guidance of our parents A Whoever B Whatever C However D That 4 wealthy does not necessarily mean that a man is greedy A For the reason that he is B Just because he is C The reason of being D That he is 5 Although happened in this developed country sounds like science fiction it could occur elsewhere in the world A which B what C how D it 6 she had forgotten to take her notebook A That occurred to her B She occurred that C To her that occurred D It occurred to her that 7 I am sure that she said is wrong A which B all C this D what 8 We lost our way in the forest and made matters worse was that it was getting dark A that B which C it D What 9 or not is still uncertain A He s coming B If he is coming C That coming D Whether he s coming 10 It s he ll be able to come A doubt whether B doubtful C doubt it D doubtful whether 11 he is at work in the heart of the big city or at home in the quiet suburb Dick s life is tied to machines A Whether B Till C If D Unless 12 he saw both surprised and frightened him A That B When C What D Which 13 is warm sunshine A What do we all need B What all we need C What we need D What we all need 14 is a pity that he should feel so upset A What B That C He D It 15 a spoonful of soil can tell us so much about the structure and early history of the moon A Remarkable B Quite remarkably C It is remarkable that D It is remarkable fact that 16 you nominate will be elected A Who B Whom C Whomever D That s 17 book you borrow must be returned within a week A What B Which C Whichever D That s 18 of us gets home first starts cooking A Who B Which C Whichever D Anyone 1 makes mistakes must correct them A What B That C Whoever D Whatever 2 It worried her a bit her hair was turning grey A while B that C if D for 3 When and why he came here yet A is not known B are not known C has not known D have not known 4 is no reason for dismissing her A Because she was a few minutes late B Owing to a few minutes late C The fact that she was a few minutes late D Being a few minutes late 5 Tom liked to eat was different from A That that you had expected B What that you had expected C That what you had expected D What what you had expected 6 we go swimming every day us a lot of good A If do B That do C If does D That does 7 It Bob drives badly A thinks that B is thought what C thought that D is thought that 8 It s uncertain the experiment is worth doing A if B that C whether D how 9 the boy didn t take medicine made his mother angry A That B What C How D Which 10 we can t get seems better than we have A What what B What that C That that D That what 11 you don t like him is none of my business A What B Who C That D Whether 12 we ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather A If B Whether C That D Where 13 is going to do the job will be decided by the Party committee A That B Why C How D Who 14 we ll finish translating the book depends on the time A When B Why C What D That 15 he won t go there is clear to all of us A How B What C Why D This 16 the house will be built will be discussed at tomorrow s meeting A If B Where C That D What 17 you come or not is up to you A What B If C Why D Whether 18 makes mistakes must correct them A Who B Anyone C Whoever D Anybody 19 team will win the match is a matter of public concern A Which B That C If D How 20 Who is this factory some foreign friends visited last Friday A that B where C which D the one 21 Is this factory you visited the other day A that B where C in which D the one 22 leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights A Anyone B The person C Whoever D Who 表语从句表语从句 1 概述 概述 用作表语的从句叫作表语从句 它位于主句中的连系动词之后 引导表语从句的词有从属连 词 that whether as though if 关系代词 who what which whom whose whatever whoever whomever whichever 等 关系副词 when where why how however whenever wherever 等 可以接表语从句的连系动词由 be look remain seem 等 That 引导表语从句时 在口语中 间或可以省略 The trouble is that we are short of money 困难是我们资金短缺 That is why stone walls are used instead of fences around New England fields 这就是为什么在新 英格兰用石头墙而不用栅栏的原因 At that time it seemed as if I couldn t think of the right word anyhow 当时 我似乎怎么也想不出 一个恰当的字眼来 2 由从属连词 that whether 引导的表语从句 that 在引导表语从句时无词义 而 whether 有词义 意为 是否 这时主句的主语常常是些 抽象名词 如 question 问题 trouble 麻烦 problem 问题 result 结果 chance 可能性 suggestion 建议 idea 想法 reason 理由 等 表语从句对主句主语进行说明 解释 使主语的 内容具体化 The trouble is that she has lost his money 麻烦的事是他丢了钱 The question is whether we need more ice cream 问题是我们是否还需要一些冰淇淋 The problem was that it was too valuable for everyday use 问题是它作为日常之用太贵重了 What she couldn t understand was that fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons 我们不能理解越来越少的学生对他的课不感兴趣 3 由关系代词引导的表语从句 关系代词 who what which whom whose whatever whoever whomever whichever 等引导表 语从句 在句中作主语 宾语 表语 关系代词不能省略 The question is which of us should go 问题是我们哪一个应该去 The problem was who could do the work 问题是谁能做这项工作 That s what he is worrying about 那就是他在担心的事 That s what we should do 那是我们应该做的 4 由关系副词引导的表语从句 Go and get your coat It s where you left it 去把雨衣拿来 就在你原来放的地方 I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella That s why I got wet through 我们既没伞也没雨衣 这 是我们淋湿的原因 That is how mice ruin many stores of grain every year 那就是老鼠是怎样每年损害大量粮食的 That is what he is worried about 那就是他所担心的 5 由连词 because as if as though 等引导的表语从句 It looked as if it was going to snow 看起来好像要下雪了 That s because we never thought of it 这是因为我们从未想过此事 It seems as if he didn t know the answer 好像他不知道答案 可以接表语从句的系动词有 可以接表语从句的系动词有 1 be being been am is are was were 2 feel seem look appear sound taste smell 3 stand lie remain keep stay 4 become get grow turn go come run fall 5 prove turn out 系动词的固定搭配系动词的固定搭配 come true fall asleep fall ill go bad come right run wild 连接词 连接词 that whether as if as though if 不引导表语从句不引导表语从句 连接代词 连接代词 who whom whose which what 连接副词 连接副词 when where why how because 注 引导表语从句的连词注 引导表语从句的连词 that 间或可以省略间或可以省略 The truth is that I didn t go there 事实是我没去那儿事实是我没去那儿 考题 1 The traditional view is we sleep because our brain is programmed to make us do so A when B why C whether D that 答案 D 解析 下划线处之后是包含一个原因状语从句的表语从句 如果看不出它是 充当整个句子结构的表语从句将难以把握整个句子的意思 因此 应选择可引导名词 性从句且不充当任何成分的 that 考题 2 You are saying that everyone should be equal and this is I disagree A why B where C what D how 答案 B 解析 下划线处的引导词引导系动词is 后的表语从句并在该表语从句中充当 地点状语 disagree 属于不及物动词 I disagree 本身是完整的主谓结构 下划线 应填入引导词 where 表语从句 where I disagree 的意思是 我不同意之处 我不同 意的地方 考题 3 I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week Is that you had a few days off A why B when C what D where 答案 A 解析 下划线处的引导词引导与系动词is 连用的表语从句并在该表语从句中 充当原因状语 下划线应填入表示 因此 指因某种原因所造成的结果 的引导词 why 考题 4 she couldn t understand was fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons A What why B That what C What because D Why that 答案 A 解析 第一个下划线处的引导词引导主语从句并在该主语从句中充当宾语 特指她所不理解的事情 应填入关系代词型的引导词 what 第二个下划线处表示 因此 指因某种原因所造成的后果 由 why 引导对应的名词性从句 而不是 为 什么 指原因 理由 由 because 引导对应的名词性从句 应填入引导词 why 考题 5 made the school proud was more than 90 of the students had been admitted to key universities A What because B What that C That what D That because 答案 B 解析 第一个下划线处的引导词引导主语从句并在该主语从句中充当主语 特指令校方骄傲的事情 应选用关系代词型的引导词 what 第二个下划线处引导表 语从句表示原因 理由 应由 that 引导对应的名词性从句 考题 6 Are you still thinking about yesterday s game Oh that s A what makes me feel excited B whatever I feel excited about C how I feel about it D when I feel excited 答案 A 解析 A 选项的意思是 令我感觉激动的事物 B 选项的意思是 我觉得激 动的任何事物 C 选项的意思是 我对它感觉的方式 D 选项的意思是 令我感觉 激动的时间 四个选项中 A 最适合跟代表 game 的主语 that 对应 充当表语从句 表语从句与宾语从句的关系 不属于的 宾语从句和表语从句都属于名词性从句 其作用跟名词在句中的作用相同 故充当 宾语的句子叫宾语从句 充当表语的句子叫表语从句 宾语从句 1 对于宾语从句要掌握以下三点 语序 从句的语序必须是陈述句语序 即 主语 谓语 这种形式 时态 当主句是一般现在时或一般将来时的时候 从句可以是任何时态 而当 主句是一般过去时的时候 从句 从句时态必须是过去时范围的时态 即 一般过去时 过去进行时 过去完成时 过去将来时 连接词 当从句意思完整 主句意思肯定时 连接词用 that 且可以省去 当从 句意思完整 主句意思不确定或含否定含意时 常用 if 或 whether 是否 当从句意思 不完整时 连接词则是代替不完整部分的特殊疑问词 表语从句 在句子中起表语作用的从句叫做表语从句 位于主句系动词的后面 表语从句的 引导词和主语从句的引导词相同 也是名词性从句的一种 如 What the police want to know is when you enred red the room 警察想知道的 是你什么时候进的房间 The The trouble is that we are short of funds 困难是我们缺乏资金 This This is what we should do 这是我们应当做的 That s s why I want you to work there 那就是我要你在那儿工作的原因 His His first question was whether Mr Smith had arrived yet 他的第一个问题是史密 斯先生到了没有 注意 从句中的疑问句用正常语序 即陈述语序 as as if as though becau 也可用来引导表语从句 She She seems as if she had done a great thing 她看起来好像做了一件大事 It It is because you eat too much 那是因为你吃得太多了 表从练习 一一 1 The question is we will have our sports meet next week A that B if C when D whether 2 The reason why he failed is he was too careless A because B that C for D because of 3 Go and get your coat It s you left it A where B there C there where D where there 4 The problem is to take the place of Ted A who can we get B what we can get C who we can get D that we can get 5 What I want to know is he likes the gift given by us A that B if C whether D 不填 6 The reason is I missed the bus A that B when C why D what 7 That is we were late last time A that B when C why D what 8 She looked she were ten years younger A that B like C as D as though 9 I fell sick I think it is you are doing too much A why B when C what D because 10 The reason why he hasn t come is A because his mother is ill B because of his mother s being ill C that his mother is ill D for his mother is ill 11 He was born here That is he likes the place so much A that B what C why D how 12 That is Lu Xun once lived A what B where C that D Why 二二 1 your father wants to know is getting on with your studies A What how are you B That how you are C How that you are D What how you are 2 The trouble is we are short of tools A what B that C how D why that 3 America was was first called India by Columbus A what B where C the place D there where 4 China is becoming stronger and stronger It is no longer A what it used to be B what it was used to being C what it used to being D what it was used to be 5 he really means is he disagrees with us A What that B That what C What what D That what 6 The energy is makes the cells able to do their work A that B which C what D Such 三 1 I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week Is that you had a few days off A why B what C when D where 2 I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella I got wet through A It s the reason B That s why C There s why D It s how 3 See the flags on top of the building That was we did this morning A when B which C where D what 4 Are you still thinking about yesterday s game Oh that s A what makes me feel excited B whatever I feel excited about C how I feel about it D when I feel excited 5 What surprised me was not what he said but he said it A the way B in the way that C in the way D the way which 1 The question is we will have our sports meet next week A that B if C when D whether 2 The reason why he failed is he was too careless A because B that C for D because of 3 Go and get your coat It s you left it A where B there C there where D where there 4 The problem is to take the place of Ted A who can we get B what we can get C who we can get D that we can get 5 What I want to know is he likes the gift given by us A that B if C whether D 不填 6 The reason is I missed the bus A that B when C why D what 7 That is we were late last time A that B when C why D what 8 She looked she were ten years younger A that B like C as D as though 9 I fell sick I think it is you are doing too much A why B when C what D because 10 The reason why he hasn t come is A because his mother is ill B because of his mother s being ill C that his mother is ill D for his mother is ill 11 He was born here That is he likes the place so much A that B what C why D how 12 That is Lu Xun once lived A what B where C that D why 13 your father wants to know is getting on with your studies A What how are you B That how you are C How that you are D What how you are 14 The trouble is we are short of tools A what B that C how D why that 15 America was was first called India by Columbus A what B where C the place D there where 16 China is becoming stronger and stronger It is no longer A what it used to be B what it was used to being C what it used to being D what it was used to be 17 he really means is he disagrees with us A What that B That what C What what D That what 18 The energy is makes the cells able to do their work A that B which C what D such 19 I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week Is that you had a few days off A why B what C when D where 20 I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella I got wet through A It s the reason B That s why C There s why D It s how 21 See the flags on top of the building That was we did this morning A when B which C where D what 22 Are you still thinking about yesterday s game Oh that s A what makes me feel excited B whatever I feel excited about C how I feel about it D when I feel excited 23 What surprised me was not what he said but he said it A the way B in the way that C in the way D the way which 综合练习综合练习 1 It has been proved eating vegetables in childhood h